Inherited Diseases

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

A gene is a stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait.

Question 2

What is a trait?

Answer 2

A trait is a noticeable characteristic (height, eye color, earlobe attachment).

Question 3

What is an allele?

Answer 3

An Allele is an alternative form of a gene.

Question 4

What are the dominant traits job?

Answer 4

Masks the other trait; the trait that shows if present. Represented by a capital letter.

Question 5

What are the recessive traits job?

Answer 5

Recessive alleles for a particular trait will only show that trait when the dominant allele is not present. Represented by a lowercase letter.

Question 6

What is a genotype?

Answer 6

The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA that is responsible for a particular trait.

Question 7

What is a phenotype?

Answer 7

The phenotype is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait.

Question 8

What is heterozygous?

Answer 8

A heterozygous individual is someone who has two different alleles.

Question 9

What is homozygous?

Answer 9

A homozygous individual has two identical alleles.

Question 10

What is heredity?

Answer 10

Heredity is when genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next.

Question 11

What did Gregor Mendel discover through his plant peas?

Answer 11

Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.

Question 12

What is the Law of Dominance?

Answer 12

1. When one allele is dominant, it will always mask the recessive allele.
2. The recessive phenotype is only seen when two recessive alleles are present. (bb)

Question 13

What is the Law of Segregation?

Answer 13

The alleles for a trait separate during meiosis and then randomly unite at fertilization.

Question 14

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 14

Dominant traits don’t have to travel together when traits are passed from parent to offspring.

Question 15

How does corn reproduce?

Answer 15

Reproduce Sexually

Question 16

What is a corn’s fertilized egg called?

Answer 16

A kernel

Question 17

What do female eggs produce?

Answer 17

Silk

Question 18

According to the law of independent assortment _____.

Answer 18

genes are inherited independently when gene location is on separate chromosomes (unlinked)

Question 19

How are unlinked genes created?

Answer 19

Due to the random orientation of homologous pairs during Meiosis I.

Question 20

What is the purpose of a dihybrid cross?

Answer 20

Dihybrid crosses help work out potential gamete combinations. The method to use is the FOIL method.

Question 21

What are Punnet squares?

Answer 21

Punnett Squares help us determine possible phenotypes of offspring produced from the parent’s genotype combination.

Question 22

What is Codominance?

Answer 22

Codominance is when both phenotypes from the parents are shown. Occurs when alleles of the same gene are present and shown in an organism.

Question 23

What is Incomplete Dominance?

Answer 23

When there is a blend of dominant and recessive phenotypes shown in an offspring, this is called incomplete dominance.

Question 24

Examples of Codominance?

Answer 24

Roan Cows, blood type

Question 25

Examples of Incomplete Dominance?

Answer 25

Types of colors on flowers.

Question 26

Why are most sex-linked traits inherited from the X-Chromosome?

Answer 26

Most sex-linked traits are inherited on the X-chromosomes simply because it is a lot bigger than the Y-chromosome (X-linked).

Question 27

What is red-green color blindness?

Answer 27

A person cannot distinguish shades of red and green (usually blue-green).

Question 28

What is hemophilia?

Answer 28

Hemophilia is a disorder where the blood cannot clot properly due to a deficiency of clotting factors. This results in abnormally heavy bleeding that will not stop, even from a small cut.

Question 29

What is autosomal dominant?

Answer 29

1. Appears in both sexes. 2. Traits don't skip generations and unaffected parents don't transmit the genes. 3. Therefore, affected offspring must have an affected parent.

Question 30

What is autosomal reccesive?

Answer 30

1. Appears in both sexes. 2. Traits skip generations. 3. Affected offspring are born to unaffected parents.

Question 31

Is hemophilia a dominant or recessive disorder?

Answer 31

X-linked recessive disorder.

Question 32

Is red-green color blindness a dominant or recessive disorder?

Answer 32

X-linked recessive disorder.

Question 33

What is X-Linked Dominant?

Answer 33

1. Often, females are more affected than males. 2. Trait doesn't skip generations. 3. Affected sons must have affected mothers, affected fathers pass traits on to all of their daughters.

Question 34

What is X-linked recessive?

Answer 34

1. Affected individuals are male. 2. Traits often skip generations. 3. Trait is never passed from father to son.

Question 35

What is Rett Syndrome?

Answer 35

Affects the way the brain develops, infants will lose coordination, speech, and use of hands.

Question 36

What is Fragile X Syndrome?

Answer 36

Causes developmental and cognitive problems. Delayed development of speech. Children may have anxiety and a high level of fidgeting.

Question 37

What is Y-linked inheritance?

Answer 37

When the Y-chromosome in males (father to son) is altered in some way resulting in a disorder.

Question 38

What are Rett syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Y-linked inheritance all have in common?

Answer 38

They are all examples of X-Linked Dominant Disorders.