Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactant: 6CO2 (Carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + Light energy Product: C6H12O6 (glucose)+ 6O2 (oxygen)
What are thylakoids? Where are they found?
Chloroplasts have flat discs called thylakoids, which contain light-absorbing pigments. Turn light energy into chemical energy.
What light-absorbing pigment reflects green?
Chlorophyll
What light-absorbing pigment reflects red, orange, and yellow?
Carotenoid
What is Auxin?
Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes growth and responds to light.
What are the three steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport chain.
Explain the first step of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis. Occurs in the cytoplasm. Series of chemical reactions that splits glucose (6 carbons) into 2 pyruvate/pyruvic acid (3-carbon) molecules and makes a small amount of ATP (2 ATP) and 2 NADH. Pyruvate can enter the Krebs cycle but glucose cannot.
Explain the second step of cellular respiration.
Krebs Cycle. Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. Series of chemical reactions that break down pyruvate. Pyruvic acid= 6 CO2+ 2 ATP energy. 6 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2 are produced in the Krebs cycle (per glucose).
Explain the third step of cellular respiration.
Electron Transport Chain
Occurs in the inner membrane. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are moved across the ETC. E-, H+, and O2 combine to make H2O. ATP synthase pumps H+ across the membrane to make 32 ATP and release water.
What is ATP energy?
It is the main energy source that cells use for most of their work.
What is ADP?
The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy.
What is fermentation?
A process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
A chemical breakdown of carbohydrates involving no oxygen that produces lactic acid as the main end product.
What is lactic acid?
Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
A process used by yeast cells and some bacteria that involves no oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
What is a photosystem?
Light collecting units of the chloroplasts.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that requires oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration that does not require oxygen.
What is the first step of light reactions?
In photosystem II, sunlight strikes the chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoid absorbs light energy. electrons within the pigments become energized or ‘excited’.
What is the second step of light reactions?
Excited electrons travel down the electron transport chains. Their energy is being used to power Proton pumps. This allows H+ ions to enter the Thylakoid.
What is the third step of light reactions?
At Photosystem 1, electrons get accepted by NADP+ with hydrogen to make NADPH.
What is the first step of the Clavin Cycle?
Carbon Fixation. A CO2 molecule combines with a 5 carbon compound called RuBP. This 6-carbon compound splits in two because it’s unstable, making two 3-carbon compounds called 3-PGA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes Rubisco.
What is the second step of the Calvin Cycle?
Reduction. ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar called G3P.
What is the third step of the Calvin Cycle?
Regeneration. Some G3P molecules go to make glucose, while others must be recycled to regenerate the RuBP compound.
