specialised human cells Flashcards
1
Q
sperm cell
A
To travel to and fuse with an egg cell for fertilisation
- Long tail for movements to the eggs
- Lots of mitochondria to release energy to allow the sperm to more the tail
2
Q
red blood cell
A
To transport oxygen around the body
- biconcave shape increases the surface area for diffusion of oxygen
- No nucleus so that there is more room for haemoglobin which binds to oxygen molecules
- Only cells in your body that do not have a nucleus
- When developing they do, but once released they get rid of it
- Carry oxygen around the body through the blood
- Red protein called haemoglobin and it carries the oxygen
- It is a biconcave shape
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart
- veins carry blood to the heart
3
Q
muscle cell
A
To help the body move
- Contains bands of protein that change shape to contract and relax the muscles
- Contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction
4
Q
nerve cell
A
To carry nerve impulses around the body
- Long fibres allow it to carry electrical impulses up and down the body
- Branching dendrites at each end to connect to other nerves or muscles
- Coordination and control
- Neurone, neuron
- Largest one from your hip to big toe
- Lots of little ones in your brain
- Sends electrical currents around your body
- Messages and control
5
Q
ciliated epithelial cell
A
To move mucus with trapped dust and microorganisms away from the lungs
- Tiny hairs called cilia to help waft mucus along the airways
- Lots of mitochondria to release energy for cilia to move
- They have hair like tips
- Line the air ways
- Stopping dust and fluid from getting down your windpipe
- Keeping the respiratory system clean
6
Q
egg cell
A
To be fertilised by the sperm cell
- Cytoplasm contains nutrients for the developing embryo
- The membrane changes after fertilisation to stop any more sperm getting in
- Need to have lots of nutrients in them
- If fertilisation occurs, this is where the baby will grow
7
Q
white blood cell
A
To fight pathogens which cause disease
- Some can change shape to squeeze out of blood vessels and engulf pathogens
- Some can produce antibodies and antitoxins
8
Q
adipose tissue cells
A
- Cells that store fat
- Saves the fat for later
- Also used for insulation
- round shape good for storing fat
9
Q
skin cells
A
- Keeps stuff out of your body that isn’t supposed to be there
- Waterproof
- Has hair, sweat glands and more in them
- Like a barrier
- interlocking to protect you
10
Q
bone cells
A
- Full of minerals like calcium and phosphorous
- Very strong
- Keeps you upright
