Specialised Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Red blood cells (5)
A
- cytoplasm contains haemoglobin
- haemoglobin is a protein which carries the oxygen molecules
- cytoplasm contains no nucleus which allows more room for haemoglobin
- bi-concave disc shape which increases surface area over which absorption of oxygen can occur
- transports oxygen
2
Q
Ciliated cells (3)
A
- movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
- extensions of the cytoplasm at the surface of the cell form hair like structures called cilia which beat to move mucus & trapped particles up to the throat
- has nucleus
3
Q
Palisade mesophyll cell (3)
A
- photosynthesis
- contains many chloroplasts for the maximum photosynthesis
- column shaped to maximise absorption of the sunlight and fit as many in a layer under the upper epidermis of the leaf as possible
4
Q
Root hair cell (4)
A
- absorption of water and minerals
- walls are thin to ensure water moves through quickly
- large surface area to ensure maximum absorption of water and mineral ions
- no chloroplasts because it gets no sunlight so can’t photosynthesise and would be a waste of energy to try
5
Q
Sperm cell (5)
A
- reproduction
- the head contains the genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus (containing half the normal number of of chromosomes)
- the acrosome in the head contains digestive enzymes so that a sperm, can penetrate an egg
- mid-piece is packed with mitochondria to release Nefertiti need to swim and fertilise the egg
- the tail enables the sperm to swim
6
Q
Egg cell (ovum) (4)
A
- reproduction
- contains a lot of cytoplasm which has nutrients for the growth of the early embryo
- haploid nucleus contains the genetic material for fertilisation
- cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter
7
Q
Neurone
A
- conduction of nerve impulses
- long so that nerves can run to and from different parts of the body to the central nervous system
- has extensions and branches, so that it can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands
- the axon (extension of cytoplasm away from the cell body) is covered with a fatty sheath, which insulates the never cell and speeds up the nerve impulse
