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IGCSE Bio > B2 - Cells > Flashcards

B2 - Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What do you find in a plant cell

A
  • Cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • chloroplasts
  • ribosomes
  • mitochondria
  • vacuole
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2
Q

What do you find in an animal cells

A
  • Cell membrane
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
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3
Q

What do you have in a bacteria cell

A
  • Cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • circular DNA
  • plasmids
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4
Q

What is the function of plant cells

A

Photosynthesis

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5
Q

How are new cells produced

A

By the division of existing cells

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6
Q

What is the function of ciliated cells

A

Move the mucus in the trachea & bronchi

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7
Q

What is the function of root hair cells

A

Absorption of water & minerals for the plant

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8
Q

What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells

A

Photosyntheses

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9
Q

What is the function of neurones

A

Conduction of electrical impulses

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10
Q

What is the function of Red blood cell

A

Transport oxygen

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11
Q

What is the function of sperm & egg cells (gametes)

A

Reproduction

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12
Q

What is the meaning of the term cell

A

the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes

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13
Q

What is the meaning of the term tissue

A

an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function

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14
Q

What is the meaning of the term organ

A

the group of tissues that perform a specific function in the body

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15
Q

What is the meaning of the term organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

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16
Q

What is the meaning of the term organism

A

Any living thing

17
Q

How do you find magnification, image size and actual size

A

Magnification = image size/ actual size
Image size = Magnification x actual size
Actual size = image size / magnification

18
Q

Hon do you convert mm to μm

A

mm x 1000 = μm

19
Q

What is the definition of diffusion

A

The het movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down the concentration gradient as a result of their random movement

20
Q

What effects diffusion

A
  • surface area ~ larger makes more diffusion
  • temperature ~ particle gain energy & move faster
  • concentration gradient ~ the smaller the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion
  • distance ~ the more area the slower diffusion
21
Q

What is the definition of osmosis

A

The het movements of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane

22
Q

What does the word turgid mean

A

Firm

23
Q

What does the word flaccid mean

A

Soft

24
Q

What is turgor pressure

A

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

25
Q

What happens to a plasmolysed cell

A

The cell membrane has come away from the cell wall

When plant cells lose water through osmosis they become flaccid (soft) first but if they have lost a lot of water they become plasmolysed

26
Q

What is the definition of of active transport

A

Movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (against the concentration gradient) using energy from respiration

27
Q

What is the importance of active transport in root hair cells

A

Explain the importance of active transport as a process for movement of molecules or ions across membranes, including ion uptake by root hairs

28
Q

What is does crenated mean

A

It is when a cell which doesn’t have a cell wall loses water by osmosis and gets crinkled

29
Q

What is lysis

A

When a cell takes in so much water by osmosis that it bursts

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