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IGCSE Bio > B7 - Human Nutrition > Flashcards

B7 - Human Nutrition Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Balanced diet definition

A

A balanced diet contains:
- all the 7 nutrients (food groups) we need
- in all the correct amounts
- in order to carry out all the life processes

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2
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of carbohydrates (7)

A
  • sugar
  • honey
  • bread
  • rice
  • potato
  • pasta
  • bananas
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3
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of proteins (7)

A
  • meat
  • fish
  • beans
  • eggs
  • nuts
  • lentils
  • cheese
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4
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of lipids (8)

A
  • vegetable oil
  • butter
  • margarine
  • cream
  • red meat
  • cheese
  • egg yolks
  • chocolate
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5
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of vitamin C (5)

A
  • citrus fruits **
  • orange
  • kiwi
  • strawberry
  • tomato
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6
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of vitamin D (7)

A
  • eggs
  • oily fish **
  • dairy
  • mushrooms **
  • beef liver
  • pork

Non-dietary source is sun **

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7
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of the mineral calcium (6)

A
  • dairy **
  • almonds
  • leafy green vegetables
  • sardines
  • tofu
  • fortified foods
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8
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of the mineral iron (7)

A
  • fruits
  • red meat **
  • leafy greens **
  • pumpkin seeds
  • dark chocolate
  • whole grains
  • tofu
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9
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of (roughage) fibre (4)

A
  • anything wholemeal
  • bread
  • fruits
  • vegetables
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10
Q

What are some of the dietary sources of water (7)

A
  • water **
  • tea
  • coffee
  • juice
  • milk
  • fruits
  • vegetables
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11
Q

What is the importance of carbohydrates

A
  • it is an easily available energy released during respiration - excess stored as glycogen in liver and muscles, if not used then converted to fat
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12
Q

What is the importance of proteins (4)

A
  • growth
  • tissue repair
  • making enzymes
  • emergency energy
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13
Q

What is the importance of lipids (6)

A
  • insulation
  • cell membrane structure
  • organ protection
  • sex hormone production
  • long term energy storage
    • obesity in excess
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14
Q

What is the importance of vitamin C

A
  • needed for growth and repair of tissue in all parts of your body and for the immune system
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15
Q

What is the importance of vitamin D

A
  • needed for calcium absorption which is needed for bone formation and strength
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16
Q

What is the importance of the mineral calcium

A
  • needed for strong bones and teeth
17
Q

What is the importance of the mineral iron

A
  • needed to make Hämoglobin carried by the red blood cells (oxygen transporters)
18
Q

What is the importance of fibre (roughage)

A
  • aids the movement of food through the gut
19
Q

What is the importance of water

A
  • needed as a transporter of dissolved substances eg glucose, amino acids, ions in blood, plasma, minerals
  • excretion of toxic waste products such as urea in urine
  • digestion (needed by enzymes), absorption of digested products into blood
  • all metabolic reaction = chemical reactions in living organisms
20
Q

What is the cause of scurvy and what are some of the symptoms

A

Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C

Symptoms:
- bleeding gums
- poor wound healing
- painful joints

21
Q

What is the cause of rickets and how does it effect a person

A

Rickets is caused by lack of calcium - bones don’t form properly

22
Q

What does a deficiency of carbohydrates cause

A
  • lack of energy
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • more prone to illness
23
Q

What does a deficiency of proteins cause

A
  • kwashiorkor: swollen abdomen, muscle wastage (especially in limbs), stunted growth
24
Q

What does a deficiency of lipids cause

A
  • weight loss
  • anorexia
  • fat soluble vitamins (A and D) deficiency
25
Q

What does a deficiency of vitamin D cause

A
  • bone deformation
  • bone pain
  • brittle bones
  • dental problems
26
Q

What does a deficiency of the mineral iron cause

A
  • anaemia - tiredness and shortness of breath
27
Q

What does a deficiency of fibre (roughage) cause

A
  • constipation
28
Q

What does a deficiency of water cause

A
  • Dehydration, which then leads to death often within a few days

IGCSE Bio (8 decks)

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