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RUSVM VZ > Special species final > Flashcards

Special species final Flashcards

1
Q

Turtle brough in for examination. IT is regurgitating, has mid-body swelling and diarrhea. It’s habittat contains a lot of fecal material. Top Dx?

A

Cryptosporidiosis

Regurge

Diarrhea

Diagnosis; Acid fast cytology

Treatment; none

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2
Q

What are juvenile turkeys called?

A

Poults

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3
Q

What are causes of secondary Gout?

(or other diseases in general)

A

Other chronic diseases

Drug administration

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4
Q

What are differntials for yellow/green fecals in birds?

A

Elevated Urates- liver disease

Elevated Bile Acid levels

Colored foods

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5
Q

Lizard is presented for Nasal discharge and purulent hemorrhagic discharge from the glottis. DDx?

A

Paramyxovirus

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6
Q

What’s the nutritional therapy to Gout?

A

Low purine diet

High moisture foods

Mist/regular access to water

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7
Q

When are female turkeys marketed?

A

14 weeks

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8
Q

Snake is presented for diarrhea and depression. What’s the next diagnostic step you can take and possible DDx?

A

PCR the fecal, Adenovirus

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9
Q

Turtle is brought in for Necrotizing stomatits, conjunctivitis and some neruological signs. Furthur examination reveals hepatomegaly. Dx?

A

Herepes virus

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10
Q

T/F Salmonellosis is commonly pathologic

A

False; most if not all reptiles have salmonella but it is not pathologic

100% prevalance in captive population

0% prevalence in wild populations

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11
Q

T/F both forms of Ophinyssus natricis (larval & adult) are parasitic

A

True; Ophinyssus natricis

Both adult and larval forms are parasitic

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12
Q

You notice evelated AST and CPK on blood you just drew from a bird. What is an easy/simple DDx?

A

Injections cause enzyme elevation AST and CPK

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13
Q

What is normal glucose in birds?

A

180-350 Glucose levels

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14
Q

Why are turkeys de-beaked?

A

Prevent cannibalism

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15
Q

You diagnose Coccidiosis. What’s the treatment?

A

Ponazuril- Coccidiosis

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16
Q

Stanley brings in an adult lizard who is domonstrating neurological problems. Stanley says he gets plenty of fish in his diet. Dx?

A

Thiamine deficiency

Symptoms point to it.

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17
Q

Name the genus/species of the common domestic chicken;

A

Gallus gallus domesticus

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18
Q

Roughly how many poultry farms are in the US?

A

233,000

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19
Q

Where can you draw blood from in an avian patient?

A

The right juglar (s larger than the left)

Cutaneous ulnar vein

Medial metatarsal vein

Toenail clips

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20
Q

Lizard is presented at necropsy with swolen/misshappen joints, accumulations on the viscera. DDx?

A

Gout: Nutritional

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21
Q

What are the various ways to vaccinate?

A

In-ovo at 18 days incubation

SQ at 1-3

Wing web injection

Aerosol/Droplet sprays

eye drops

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22
Q

What are some ways to educate the owner on how to prevent salmonellosis?

A

Disinfection

Hand washing

Avoid having reptiles around peoples food

Not good pets for infants immunocompromised

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23
Q

An owner brings in a ‘reproductively active’ female lizard with muscle tremors and tetany. Dx?

A

Symptoms hint towards

Hyper-parathyroidism

Other symptoms include; Fibrous osteodrystrophy, pathologic fractures, tooth loss

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24
Q

When can chickens go to food plants?

A

18 months of age

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25
Q

When can chickens start laying?

A

20 weeks

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26
Q

What is the reproductivity limit on ophinyssus?

A

Can reproduce in 2-2.25 weeks

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27
Q

What happens to egg production during molting and when does it happen?

A

Natural molting occurs in fall

Egg production drops

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28
Q

What is the normal RBC lifespan in Avians?

A

20-35 days; normal RBC lifespan

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29
Q

What is the common etiology of Coccidiosis in turtles?

A

Isospora amphiboluri

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30
Q

Python is brought in for rolling over (severe CNS dysfunction) and uncoordinated. Dx?

A

Biopsy to confrim

Inclusion body disease

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31
Q

What makes Honey good for wound managment?

A

Acidc- pH 4

The environment that skin/body-fluids promotes the breakdown of glucose into hydrogen peroide.

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32
Q

T/F

Birds can be jaundiced

A

False:

Birds do not have bilirubin so cannot be jaundiced

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33
Q

You Diagnose Mycoplasmosis in a turtle. What is the best way to keep it from spreading?

a) Clean the feces asap
b) seperate
c) cull and euthanize

A

Seperate

Transmission is by direct contact

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34
Q

When are male toms marketed?

A

Toms- Male turkeys

20 weeks

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35
Q

When do White plymouth rock broilers ususally ‘finish’

A

6-9 weeks

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36
Q

Which vaccination commonly uses in-ovo?

Where is it injected (specifically)?

A

Marek’s

Amniotic sac or SQ

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37
Q

What’s the name of young females?

A

Pullets

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38
Q

How do you manipulate molting?

A

Forced molting:

Dietary manipulation 2-3weeks

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39
Q

What breed of chicken is useed for Broilers?

A

White plymouth rock

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40
Q

How much blood volume can you take from the average Avian patient?

A

10% of the 10% of body weight

Blood volume is 10% of body wight, 10% of blood is the safe volumen taken

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41
Q

A Reptile comes in for rihinits. You see basophilic inclusions bodies on the impression smears. Dx?

A

Iridovirus

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42
Q

What common viral vaccines are there for chickens?

A

Marek’s

Newcastle

Infectious bronchitis

Infectious bursal disease

Laryngotracheitis

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43
Q

T/F Turkeys can breed on their own.

A

False, Fucked up birds

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44
Q

What two diagnostic views do you use in Birds?

A

Birds-Radiographs:

Ventro-dorsal

and

Lateral

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45
Q

What’s the common breed of chicken layers?

A

White leghorn Hybrids

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46
Q

What is Xanthophils used for?

A

Gives yellow coloring to skin and meat for birds exported to other countries:

xanthophils

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47
Q

A production chick, 4 weeks old, presents with rubbery bones, enlarged joins, lameness, and bowing of leggs. DDx?

A

(3-6 weeks)

Rickets

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48
Q

What is ‘Cage Layer Fatigue’?

A

Osteoporosis/Osteomalacia

When laying hens absorb calcium from bones leading to pathologic fractures

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49
Q

How do you treat Cage layer fatigue?

A

Limestone

Oyster shell

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50
Q

What predisposes to Fatty liver syndrome?

A

Layer fatigue

High production/caloric intake

Aflatoxins

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51
Q

Young chick presents with Tendon displacment and swelling of the hock joings. Possible Chondrodystrophy. DDx?

A

Slipped tendon: Manganese deficiency

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52
Q

What are some Anti-oxidants you can use?

A

Selenium (against formed peroixdes)/

Vitamine E (prevent free radical formation)

53
Q

Chicken presents with Edema and weeping of the skin. DDx?

A

Anti-oxidant deficiency

Exudative diathesis, brusing easily, scabbing

54
Q

The farmer presents a depressed check. You notice that his feed is made with rancid cod liver, soybean oil and corn. DDx?

A

Vitamine E deficiency

Muscular dystrophy

55
Q

Farmer presents a chick;

Flex toes, Torticollis, ataxic. A necropsy of one of it’s flock mates reveals lesions on the cerebellum and white muscles. DDx?

A

Vitamine E deficency.

Crazy chick disease

56
Q

Chick presents with

Hyperkeratosis

Ataxia, droopiness, and swelling of the eyes. DDx? and Tx?

A

Vitamin A deficiency.

3-4x recommended level for 2 weeks

57
Q

What am I?

A

Squamous metaplasia, Hyperkeratosis and erosion of the palate and salivary glands.

Vitamin A deficiency

58
Q

What am I?

A

Vitamin A deficiency:

Blunted/missig choanal papillae

59
Q

Name some B Vitamins:

A

Riboflavin

Niacin

Folic Acid

Biotin

Thiamin

Cyanocobalamin (B12)

60
Q

What do you see with Niacin deficiency?

A

Swollen hocks

Bowed legs in ducklings

Perosis in goslings

61
Q

Chick presents with curled toes and ‘parrot beak’ and ‘clubbed down’ feathers. What does ‘clubbed down’ mean and what does the chick has?

A

Riboflavind deficiency

Clubbed down- neck and vent feathers don’t rupture from their sheaths

62
Q

What types of Avian influenza are there?

A

H5N1: Highly pathogenic and zoonotic (HPAI)

H7N9 low pathogenicity and zoonotic, CHINA ONLY

63
Q

A concerned owner comes in with a newspaper article about Avian influenze being found in the area. “Should I worry about my pet pigeon?”

You’re answer?

A

Pet birds and Pigeons are resistant to Avian influenza.

64
Q

What was the common path of Avian influenza?

A

Migratory “Fly ways”

65
Q

Chicken presents with respiratory signs. Inflammation of the airsacs trachea and sinus. You note Ischemia of cyanosis of legs and comb. DDx?

A

Avian influenza: Mild form

66
Q

A farmer reports his chickens suddenly dying. 100% of the chickens that got sick have perished. You not necrosis of the skin, wattles and on necropsy liver. DDx?

A

Avian Influenza: Fowl plague

(also similar to newcastle)

67
Q

T/F Newcastle is zoonotic

(bonus points for ‘in which way’)

A

True; New castle is zoonotic

Zoonotic in human eyes

68
Q

How many forms of newcastle do we know about?

A

4:

Lentogenic

Mesogenic

Velogenic

Viscertropic velogenic

69
Q

Morbidity reaches 100% of infected chickens. Birds either die or recover in a wekk. Tracheal hemorrhage is noted. DDx?

A

Infectious laryngotracheitis- Herpesvirus

70
Q

What does this suggest?

A

Infectious laryngotracheitis- herpes virus

71
Q

T/F

Dry Fowl pocks presents with Respiratory signs

A

False

Dry- skin

Wet- respiratory

72
Q

Chicken presents with wart like nodules around the face and eyes, comb and wattle.

About 50% of it’s flock mates that got sick died

DDx?

A

Cutaneous form: Fowl Pox

Morality is variable but not 100% like herpes

73
Q

Chicken presents with white nodules (cheesy exudates) on oropharynx larynx and trachea. Dimorphic yeast is stained from a swab.

DDx?

A

Diptheritic form of Fowl pox

74
Q
A
75
Q

What predisposes chickens to cutaneous form of Fowl pox?

A

Warm weather:

Mosquito vectors

76
Q

Which is the most economically important disease of turkeys?

A

Fowl cholera: pasteurella

Important to vaccinate

77
Q

Turkey presents with respiratory distress, cyanosis, green diarrhea, and other flock mates have died in the last 26 hours.

On necropys you see parboiled liver and pericarditis.

A

Pasteurella; Fowl cholera

78
Q

Chicken presents with catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. What is the etiologic agent?

A

Infectious coryza

Haemophilus paragallinarum

79
Q

T/F

If you suspect respiratory diseases you can just easily culture mycoplasmosis.

A

False:

Not easy to culture/eradicate

80
Q

Birds sick on day 1

Airsacculitis in turkeys

Venereal (AI) transmission

DDx:

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis

81
Q

Thickned airsacks, pericarditis, enlarged lever and spleen. Ornithosis, psittacosis, parrot fever,

Zoonotic from turkeys to man.

DDx?

A

Chlamydiosis.

82
Q

100% of the flock became sick with this disease but only 2% died. All ages were affected.

Chickens produced abnormal eggs. Cheesy exudate at tracheal bifurcation.

DDx?

A

Avian infectios bronchitis:

Corona virus

83
Q

Eggs produced are thin and rough with watery albumin.

DDx?

A

Infectious bronchitis

84
Q

Candled egg has green color.

Necropsy; Fuzzy fungal colonies (white plaques) on lungs and air sacs.

DDx?

A

Aspergillosis

85
Q

Necropsy: tubercular granulomas intestines, Liver, spleen, bone marrow.

Soiling of tail feathers
DDx:

A

Mycobacterium avium:

Avian tuberculosis

86
Q

Young turkey presents with a disease that has killed close to 90% of the flock.

“Bacillary white diarrhea” pasted around the vent, gray nodules in lungs, liver gizzard, heart intestines

What do you notice about the flock?

A

The adults don’t present with Lesions

Pullorum disease

87
Q

Which orginization has almost eradicated Pullorum disease?

A

Nationa poultry improvment plan

88
Q

What is the common etiology of Fowl Typhoid?

(Bonus for what defines it)

A

Salmonella gallinarum

[Mortality continues for months, signs in young birds similar to pullorum]

89
Q

Chicken presents with infected fock(stressed). Necropsy shows Endotoxemic necrosis of tissues. Culture shows Gram-negative motile bacteria.

DDx?

A

Paratyphoid

Salmonella typhimurium/enteritidis

90
Q

T/F Paratyphoid salmonella is species specific

A

False:

Paratyphoid-salmonella is non-host specific and a great public health concern.

91
Q

What kind of Birds get Partyphoid-salmonella?

A

Young birds

stressed adults

(Dehydration, enteritis, focal necrosis of SI, unabsorrbed yolk sack

92
Q

Turkey poults less than 3 weeks of age. Some are septicemic and some have localized infections.

About 5% of the flock have died.

pasty vents, huddling, CNS signs.

DDx?

A

Arizonosis

(Salmonella parathoid)

93
Q

What is the most common transmission of Salmonella enteritidis?

A

Transovarian transmission to egg:

Salmonella enteritidis.

94
Q

How do humans become affected by salmonella enteritids?

A

60% of human cases linked to eggs or egg products.

95
Q

Which Government Branch monitors breeding flocks closely?

A

USDA

96
Q

Etiologic agent of Thrush

A

Candidiasis: Albicans

97
Q

T/F

Candidia albicans is a normal GI in habitant

A

True

Candidia albicans is a normal GI in habitant

98
Q

In a chicken that has recently been immunocrompromised you notice an infection of the mouth and crop. “Turkish toweling”

DDx?

A

Candida albicans

Opportunistic infection

99
Q

What is this?

A

It is pink! Papillomatosis

Canker/Frounce Fowl pox (wet form)

100
Q

Large spore forming gram-positive rod

DDx?

A

Clostridium

101
Q

What am I?

A

Clostrdium Tetani

102
Q

A duck presents with Limberneck

DDx?

A

Clostridium botulinum

103
Q

Seen in quail. What am I?

A

Ulcerative enteritis; Clostridium colinum

104
Q

A turkey farm presents with necrotic enteritis. Etiologic agent?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Necrotic enteritis

105
Q

Broiler Chickens present from a farm with carcasses that decompose quickly with foul odor.

Swolen legs and feet. Wing tips and inner thighs red and sloughing.

DDx?

A

Gangrenous dermatitis

(Clostridium and staph)

106
Q

A duck flock is brought in for necropsy to find the most likely causitive agent.

Most of the birds have necks twisted downward, sideways and backwards.

DDx?

A

Herpesvirus: Duck Viral enteritis: duck plague

107
Q

What is the pathology to Duck viral enteritis?

A

Viremia leads to vascular damage

Bloody darrhea, bloody conjunctivitis, nasal discharge.

Hemorrhages inall organs at necropsy

108
Q

2 week old Ducks. A soon as the ducks become ataxic/kick spasmodically; hours later they die.

DDx?

A

Duck viral hepatitis

109
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Duck viral hepatitis?

A

Picornavirus

110
Q

Older violent turkeys Present with depression, unsteady gait, swollen snood, dark red skin on head.

DDx?

A

Erysipelas

“Red skin”

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

111
Q

T/F

E. colibacillosis is contageous and pathogenic.

A

False:

E. colibacillosis is not contagious and a non-pathogenic serotype in GIT.

112
Q

What are the main Pathogenisi of e.coli colibacillosis?

A

Airsaccultitis (caseous exudates)

Omphalitis- naval infection

Vascular problems in general

Panopthalmitis- blindness

113
Q

What is Hjarre’s disease

A

Granulomas along Gi tract, mesentery liver

seen with colibacillosis

114
Q

A Young turkey presents with ‘bloody gut’. Top DDx?

A

Hemorrhagic enteritis; Adenovirus

Sudden death, fresh blood in droppings, small intestine distended and blood filled

115
Q

Describe IBDV

A

Infectious Bursal Disease

Baby chicken disease

Damages all lymphocytes of bursal origin (recovered chicks are immunocompromised

SEVERE problem for broiler industry

Birnavirus

Hemorrhages on thighs and pectorals

116
Q

Chicken farm presents: high morbidity and low mortality. Diarrhea.

Hemorrhages on thighs and pectorals.

DDx?

A

IBDV

infectious bursal disease

117
Q

Chicken presents with swollen lymph nodes, blindness, unilateral spastic paralysis and wollen joints.

DDx?

(and what is a way to confirm)

A

Marek’s

Confrim with biopsy of lymphocyte infiltration into the eye

118
Q

Chicken farm presents with flock;

Emaciation, pallor, enlarged bursa on cloacal palpation and reduced egg production.

Big livers are noted

DDx?

A

Lymphoid leukosis

Oncogenic retrovirus

119
Q

Farmer presents chicken eggs with a green colored embryo when candled. DDx?

(Hint: white plagues on the airsacs)

A

Aspergillosis

Air sac granulomas- white plaques

120
Q

Swollen head appearance of chickens.

DDx?

A

Coryza

(nasal discharge, conjunctivits, adherence of eyelids, Facial edema)

121
Q

What am I?

(Hint: had concurrent coccidiosis)

A

Ulcerative enteritis:

Clostridium colinum

122
Q

What is “canker” or “Frounce”?

A

Fowl pox- wet form

Etiology; hypovitaminosis A

It’s pink think papillomatosis

123
Q

Chickens come in with neurologic and Respiratory signs.

Notably the head is ‘permentantly’ turned to the side.

DDx?

A

New Castle

Mesogenic form

124
Q

Whic form of Newcastle is reportable?

A

Viscerotropic Velogenic: VVND

125
Q

What is the Kurloff cell?

A

A unique leukocyte to the Guinea pig.

Highest concentration in pregnant females

126
Q

What are the limits to IP injections in Rats/mice?

A

Mouse <0.5 ml

Rat <2 ml

127
Q

What’s the limit to intraobrital draw?

A

50 micro liters

128
Q

On necropsy you find a Ferret with splenomegaly. DDx?

A

Ferrert Splenomegaly

Incidental finding

(rule out others of corse)

129
Q
A

RUSVM VZ (8 decks)

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