Special Species

Question 1

What motor nerve block is used in horse exam

Answer 1

Auriculopalpebral

Question 2

What is the main disease in horses

Answer 2

Corneal ulcer

Question 3

Drugs used for nerve blocks

Answer 3

Lidocaine, carbocaine, bupivicane

Question 4

What sensory cranial nerve is blocked for horse eye exam

Answer 4

CN 5

Question 5

What does the supraorbital block do

Answer 5

Medial 2/3 of upper lid

Question 6

What are the 3 types of sensory block

Answer 6

Supraorbital (most common)
Lacrimal
Line

Question 7

Why are fungal ulcers frustrating

Answer 7

Can do what every they want

Variety of appearances

Question 8

Characteristics of fungal ulcers

Answer 8

Cellular infiltrate
Enzymatic activity
Groove development
Plaque formation
Grey/white/yellow/dark brown
Rough/gritty surface

Question 9

Fungal infection within corneal stroma, overlaying epithelium intact

Answer 9

Stromal abscesses

Question 10

Characteristics of stromal abscesses

Answer 10

Common in horses
Difficult to treat
Severe w/ uveitis
May need surgical excision

Question 11

Immune mediated uveitis
Primary uveitis
Chronic
Leading cause of blindness

Answer 11

Equine Recurrent uveitis

Moon blindness) (ERU

Question 12

Many cases of this are recurrent

Answer 12

ERU

Question 13

What happens to inflammation at the cellular level of ERU

Answer 13

Persists

Question 14

Classic cases of ERU

Answer 14

Repeated sever inflammation
Variable intervals with nothing between cases
Unilateral

Question 15

Insidious ERU

Answer 15

No overt case
Slow deterioration
Appaloosas
Bilateral

Question 16

Secondary complications are more common in which ERU

Answer 16

Insidious

Question 17

Most common breed that develops insidious uveitis

Answer 17

Appaloosas

Question 18

Causes of ERU

Answer 18

Leptospirosis 
Viral
Parasites
Genetics
Immune mediated

Question 19

Why would you use a Subpalpebral lavage

Answer 19

Overcome patient resistance
Easy administration
Increase frequency, safety, efficacy

Question 20

why would you use atropine

Answer 20

Increase ocular comfort
Decrease colic
Decrease tear production
Increased IOP

Question 21

The major cause of ocular surface disease in cats

Answer 21

Feline herpesvirus

Question 22

Ophthalmic disorders with FHV-1

Answer 22

Neonatal ophthalmia
Conjunctivitis
Corneal dendritic ulcers
Stromal keratitis
Other keratitis
Corneal sequestration
KCS

Question 23

Percentage of cats latelnly infected with FHV-1 after initial infection

Answer 23

> 80%

Question 24

FHV in kittens primary or secondary

Answer 24

Primary

Question 25

Characteristics of FHV in kittens

Answer 25

Acute Conjunctival-respiratory infection Bilateral Serous Resolves in 10-14 days

Question 26

FHV in cats

Answer 26

``` No respiratory Uni or bilateral Intermittent blepharospasm Hype remix conjunctiva Chronic and recurrent ```

Question 27

Superficial ulcer that follows nerve Active or acute disease "Classic"

Answer 27

Ulcerative keratitis | -dendritic ulcers

Question 28

Non-ulcerative Chronic Fibrosis, edema, blood vessels Immmune mediated

Answer 28

Stromal Keratitis

Question 29

Where does FHV hide out

Answer 29

Trigeminal ganglia

Question 30

What causes recurrent ophthalmic FHV

Answer 30

Steroids Stress Immunosuppresion Trigminal ganglion shedding

Question 31

Cytolytic treatment of FHV

Answer 31

Topical antibiotics antiviral NO steroids

Question 32

Immunopathologic FHV treatment

Answer 32

Topical anti inflammatory | Topical antiviral

Question 33

Proliferative keratoconjuntivitus in cats alternative name

Answer 33

Known as eosinophilic keratitis

Question 34

Characteristics of proliferative keratococnjunctivitus

Answer 34

Proliferative white/pink mass Focal corneal edema nad vascularization Uni-bilateral

Question 35

Where are masses located in proliferative keratoconjunctivits

Answer 35

Limbus Conjunctiva Nictitans

Question 36

Treatment of proliferative keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 36

Topical dex Topical cyclosporine Surgery

Question 37

Corneal sequestration in cats

Answer 37

Corneal black spot Corneal nigrum Focal corneal degeneration Corneal mummification

Question 38

What breeds are effected by corneal sequestration

Answer 38

all of them

Question 39

Causes of corneal sequestration

Answer 39

Hereditary FHV Chronic irritation and exposure

Question 40

Diffuse iris melanoma

Answer 40

Flat pigmented freckles infiltrate of iris stroma Spreads and thickens iris Metastasize to lungs and liver

Question 41

Characteristics of avian eyes

Answer 41

``` Have eyelids No eyelashes TE is dorsomedial Voluntary control of pupil No tapetum Avascular retina with pecten ```

Question 42

What causes most amphibian eye issues

Answer 42

Husbandry problems

Question 43

High cricket, high fat diet in frogs will cause

Answer 43

Lipid keratopathy

Question 44

Eyelids fused and transparent in snake

Answer 44

Spectacle