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Optho > eyelids > Flashcards

eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

Size of palpebral or lid fissure

A

Dogs: 10-35mm Horses: 36-51

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2
Q

Tarsal plate

A

Dense connective tissue which gives rigidity to eyelids and serves as an insertion for levator and Muller’s muscles. Poorly developed in animals

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3
Q

Third eyelid

A

T-shaped cartilage covered with conjunctiva Produces 30-50% of tear film

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4
Q

Cilia

A

Upper lid only on dog Cats have no true eyelashes Horses have very few on lower lid

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5
Q

contain the openings of the meibomian or tarsal glands

A

Lid margin

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6
Q

Located in upper and lower lids, 2-4 mm from medial canthal angle in dog and 5-8 mm in horse

A

Lacrimal puncta

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7
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

surrounds the palpebral fissure Attaches too orbital wall by medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

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8
Q

Orbicularis oculi innervation and function

A

VII closes the eyelids

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9
Q

Levator palpebra superioris

A

Dorsal to opitc canal between dorsal rectus and dorsal oblique muscles

Inserts into the tarsal plate of the upper lid

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10
Q

Levator palpebra superioris innervation and action

A

CN III

Elevate upper lid

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11
Q

Muller’s muscle

A

originates among fibers of levator muscle

inserts on tarsal plate with levator

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12
Q

Innervation and action of Muller’s muscle

A

Assist in elevation of eyelid

Innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers

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13
Q

Superciliaris muscle

A

originates from median line of frontal bone

Extends into the medial half of the upper eyelid

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14
Q

Innervation and action of superciliaris or corrugator supercilii

A

Elevate nasal portion of upper lid

Innervated by auriculopalpebral branch of VII

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15
Q

Retractor anguli oculi

A

comes form temporal fascia

extends to lateral palpebral angle

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16
Q

Retractor anguli oculi innervation and action

A

maintains normal size of the palpebral aperture

Innervation by auriculopalpebral branch of VII

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17
Q

*What is the sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelid*

A

Ophthalmic branch of V

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18
Q

*what is the sensory nerve supply to the lower eyelid*

A

Maxillary branch of V

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19
Q

*Muscles responsible for opening the eye*

A

Levator palpebrae superioris and Muller’s muscle

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20
Q

*muscle responsible for closing the eye*

A

Orbicularis oculi

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21
Q

*innervation of levator

A

CN III

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22
Q

* innervation of Muller’s

A

Sympathetic

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23
Q

*innervation of orbicularis oculi

A

CN VII

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24
Q

*Most common eyelid tumor in dog*

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

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25
Q

*Most common eyelid tumor in horse and cow*

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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26
Q

Meibomian gland

A

Long sebaceous glands whos openings from a row posterior to the cilia

Close to or within tarsal plate

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27
Q

Purpose of meibomian gland

A

Secretion is oily and forms the outer layer of the precorneal tear film

28
Q

Funciton of eyelids

A

Production, distribution, and removal of tears

29
Q

What produces outer oily layer of tears

A

Meibomian glands

30
Q

Atresia or agenesis of the eyelid

A

Most commonly seen in cats

Effects dorsolater upper lid

31
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

adhesion of the eyelid edges to each other

Physiologic in dogs and cats up to 10-15 days

32
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Eyelid must be opened and treated with antibiotics

infection associated with ankyloblepharon

33
Q

Blepharophimosis

A

narrow palpebral fissure

usually incidental

34
Q

Macroblepharon

A

Enlarged palpebral fissure

Brachycephalic breeds

Medial canthoplasty most effective fix

35
Q

Distichiasis

A

Most common eyelash disease

Extra cilia arise from meibomian glands

Only those causing a problem need to be corrected

36
Q

Corrections for distichiasis

A

Manual epilation: tempeorary effect, determine if hairs are causing clincial disease,

Electrolysis

Cryotherapy: Theryapy of choice for multiple distichia

Laser

37
Q

Trichiasis

A

Normal placement of cilium, but grow in the wrong direction

Same treatements as distichiasis

38
Q
A

Distichiasis

39
Q
A

Ectopic cilium

40
Q
A

Trichiasis

41
Q

Ectopic cilia treatment

A

Surgical correction by partial thickness excision and/or cryoablation

42
Q

Entropion treatment

A

Puppies less than 4-5 months: temporary eyelid tacking

43
Q

Entropian

A

Rolling of the eyelids

44
Q

Entropion treatment in older animals

A

Excision of skin parallel to the lid margin and full thickness eyelid rection

Temporary eyelid tacking may be utilized in adult animals that have significant corneal disease

45
Q

When should the amount of correction for entropion surgery be estimated

A

Prior to anesthesia

46
Q

Ectropion

A

Rolling out of the eyelid

may accompany entropion

47
Q

Correction for ectropion

A

only if it’s causing corneal disease or excessive ocular discharge

Use V to Y correction

48
Q

How to fix a lid laceration

A

Clean debris, prep with betadine

Minimal debridement

If not fresh/swollen: Furacin pack for 12-24 hrs

Suture wound in 2 layers

49
Q

How to suture a lid laceration

A

2 layers

1: Edge of the eyelid to ensure accurate apposition in figure 8 pattern
2: Simple interrupted

50
Q

Coloboma

A

Congenital notch like defect of eyelid

No therapy if mild

51
Q

Excessive nasal folds

A

Brachycephalic breeds

surgical correction if they are causing secondary keratitis

52
Q

Medial canthus entropion

A

Brachycephalic breeds

Correct with medial canthoplasty

53
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflimmation of the eyelids

54
Q

Etiologies of blepharitis

A

*Bacterial: Staph. aureus*

Parasitic

Metabolic

actinic

fungal

…

55
Q

Diagnosis and treamtent of blepharitis

A

Bacterial: systemic antibiotics and coticosteroids

56
Q

Hordeolum

A

Inflmation of Zeis, Moll, or meibomian glands

Treat with drainage, topical antibiotics, and hotpacks

57
Q

Uveodermatologic syndrome

A

Usually seen as depigmentation and/or ulceration of mucous membrane junctions and eyelid margins

58
Q

When is full thickness eyelid rection indicated

A

When lesion involves less than 1/4 to 1/3 of the eyelid margin

59
Q

What is an effective treatment for most canine eyelid masses

A

Cryotherapy

60
Q

Dermoids

A

Congenital mass lesion

not neopllastic

Young animal/cattle

61
Q

*Meibomian gland adenoma*

A

Most common eyelid tumor of dogs

nearly always benign

62
Q

Papillomas

A

Superficial and associated with the skin

remove if increasing in size

63
Q

Melanomas

A

superficial and benign

usually slow growing and multiple

64
Q

Histocytomas

A

Raised, hairless, pink nodules

Rapid growing

Frequently regress

Primarily a tumor of young animals

65
Q

Squamous cell carcinomas

A

Most frequent in Catlle, then horses, cats

Rapid, highly invasive, ulcerate early

66
Q

Sarcoid

A

Locally invasive fibroblastic tumor of equine skin

Optho (13 decks)

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