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eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

Size of palpebral or lid fissure

A

Dogs: 10-35mm Horses: 36-51

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2
Q

Tarsal plate

A

Dense connective tissue which gives rigidity to eyelids and serves as an insertion for levator and Muller’s muscles. Poorly developed in animals

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3
Q

Third eyelid

A

T-shaped cartilage covered with conjunctiva Produces 30-50% of tear film

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4
Q

Cilia

A

Upper lid only on dog Cats have no true eyelashes Horses have very few on lower lid

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5
Q

contain the openings of the meibomian or tarsal glands

A

Lid margin

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6
Q

Located in upper and lower lids, 2-4 mm from medial canthal angle in dog and 5-8 mm in horse

A

Lacrimal puncta

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7
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

surrounds the palpebral fissure Attaches too orbital wall by medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

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8
Q

Orbicularis oculi innervation and function

A

VII closes the eyelids

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9
Q

Levator palpebra superioris

A

Dorsal to opitc canal between dorsal rectus and dorsal oblique muscles

Inserts into the tarsal plate of the upper lid

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10
Q

Levator palpebra superioris innervation and action

A

CN III

Elevate upper lid

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11
Q

Muller’s muscle

A

originates among fibers of levator muscle

inserts on tarsal plate with levator

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12
Q

Innervation and action of Muller’s muscle

A

Assist in elevation of eyelid

Innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers

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13
Q

Superciliaris muscle

A

originates from median line of frontal bone

Extends into the medial half of the upper eyelid

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14
Q

Innervation and action of superciliaris or corrugator supercilii

A

Elevate nasal portion of upper lid

Innervated by auriculopalpebral branch of VII

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15
Q

Retractor anguli oculi

A

comes form temporal fascia

extends to lateral palpebral angle

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16
Q

Retractor anguli oculi innervation and action

A

maintains normal size of the palpebral aperture

Innervation by auriculopalpebral branch of VII

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17
Q

*What is the sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelid*

A

Ophthalmic branch of V

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18
Q

*what is the sensory nerve supply to the lower eyelid*

A

Maxillary branch of V

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19
Q

*Muscles responsible for opening the eye*

A

Levator palpebrae superioris and Muller’s muscle

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20
Q

*muscle responsible for closing the eye*

A

Orbicularis oculi

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21
Q

*innervation of levator

A

CN III

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22
Q

* innervation of Muller’s

A

Sympathetic

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23
Q

*innervation of orbicularis oculi

A

CN VII

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24
Q

*Most common eyelid tumor in dog*

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

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25
\*Most common eyelid tumor in horse and cow\*
Squamous cell carcinoma
26
Meibomian gland
Long sebaceous glands whos openings from a row posterior to the cilia Close to or within tarsal plate
27
Purpose of meibomian gland
Secretion is oily and forms the outer layer of the precorneal tear film
28
Funciton of eyelids
Production, distribution, and removal of tears
29
What produces outer oily layer of tears
Meibomian glands
30
Atresia or agenesis of the eyelid
Most commonly seen in cats Effects dorsolater upper lid
31
Ankyloblepharon
adhesion of the eyelid edges to each other Physiologic in dogs and cats up to 10-15 days
32
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Eyelid must be opened and treated with antibiotics infection associated with ankyloblepharon
33
Blepharophimosis
narrow palpebral fissure usually incidental
34
Macroblepharon
Enlarged palpebral fissure Brachycephalic breeds Medial canthoplasty most effective fix
35
Distichiasis
Most common eyelash disease Extra cilia arise from meibomian glands Only those causing a problem need to be corrected
36
Corrections for distichiasis
Manual epilation: tempeorary effect, determine if hairs are causing clincial disease, Electrolysis Cryotherapy: Theryapy of choice for multiple distichia Laser
37
Trichiasis
Normal placement of cilium, but grow in the wrong direction Same treatements as distichiasis
38
Distichiasis
39
Ectopic cilium
40
Trichiasis
41
Ectopic cilia treatment
Surgical correction by partial thickness excision and/or cryoablation
42
Entropion treatment
Puppies less than 4-5 months: temporary eyelid tacking
43
Entropian
Rolling of the eyelids
44
Entropion treatment in older animals
Excision of skin parallel to the lid margin and full thickness eyelid rection Temporary eyelid tacking may be utilized in adult animals that have significant corneal disease
45
When should the amount of correction for entropion surgery be estimated
Prior to anesthesia
46
Ectropion
Rolling out of the eyelid may accompany entropion
47
Correction for ectropion
only if it's causing corneal disease or excessive ocular discharge Use V to Y correction
48
How to fix a lid laceration
Clean debris, prep with betadine Minimal debridement If not fresh/swollen: Furacin pack for 12-24 hrs Suture wound in 2 layers
49
How to suture a lid laceration
2 layers 1: Edge of the eyelid to ensure accurate apposition in figure 8 pattern 2: Simple interrupted
50
Coloboma
Congenital notch like defect of eyelid No therapy if mild
51
Excessive nasal folds
Brachycephalic breeds surgical correction if they are causing secondary keratitis
52
Medial canthus entropion
Brachycephalic breeds Correct with medial canthoplasty
53
Blepharitis
Inflimmation of the eyelids
54
Etiologies of blepharitis
\*Bacterial: Staph. aureus\* Parasitic Metabolic actinic fungal ...
55
Diagnosis and treamtent of blepharitis
Bacterial: systemic antibiotics and coticosteroids
56
Hordeolum
Inflmation of Zeis, Moll, or meibomian glands Treat with drainage, topical antibiotics, and hotpacks
57
Uveodermatologic syndrome
Usually seen as depigmentation and/or ulceration of mucous membrane junctions and eyelid margins
58
When is full thickness eyelid rection indicated
When lesion involves less than 1/4 to 1/3 of the eyelid margin
59
What is an effective treatment for most canine eyelid masses
Cryotherapy
60
Dermoids
Congenital mass lesion not neopllastic Young animal/cattle
61
\*Meibomian gland adenoma\*
Most common eyelid tumor of dogs nearly always benign
62
Papillomas
Superficial and associated with the skin remove if increasing in size
63
Melanomas
superficial and benign usually slow growing and multiple
64
Histocytomas
Raised, hairless, pink nodules Rapid growing Frequently regress Primarily a tumor of young animals
65
Squamous cell carcinomas
Most frequent in Catlle, then horses, cats Rapid, highly invasive, ulcerate early
66
Sarcoid
Locally invasive fibroblastic tumor of equine skin

Optho (13 decks)

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