Orbit Flashcards
Primary clinical signs of orbital disease
Exophthalmos
enophthalmos
Strabismus
Buphthalmos
Absolute enlargement of the globe secondary to chronic glaucoma
How to test for buphthalmos
corneal diameter measurement
axis of globe measured with ultrasonography
Exopthalmos
rostral displacement of globe
Globe is normal size
Enophthalmos
recession/retraction of the globe into the orbit
+/- narrowing of the palpebral fissure
Strabismus
involuntary deviation of the globe from the primary position
Some causes of exopthalmos
abscess cellulitis neoplasia zygomatic mucocele vascular anomaly hemorrhage secondary to trauma ...
causes of enophthalmos
congenital phthisis bulbi microphthalmia pain Horner's syndrome chronic inflammation atrophy of orbital tissues starvation/dehydration orbital fractures
Causes of strabisumus
neoplasia proptosis congenital masticatory myositis zygomatic mucocele lacrimal cyst hydrocephalus orbital fractures
When orbital disease is suspected, what is the initial examination
palpation of eye and periocular structures
digital retropulsion of the globe
Examination of oral cavity
Resistance of opening the mouth is typical of what
retrobulbar abscesses
Orbital cellulitis etiology
trauma foreign bodies extension of sinusitis bone sequestration animal chewing on bones/stick
Clinical signs of orbital cellulitis/abscess
fever pain upon opening mouth chemosis exophthalmos leukocytosis
Most orbital neoplasia’s in dogs are primary or secondary
primary
most orbital neoplasia’s in cats are primary or secondary
secondary
Prognosis of orbital neoplasia
90% are malignant
Can be treated with early and aggressive therapy
Clinical signs of orbital neoplasia
same as orbital cellulitis except no pain when opening the mouth
Treatment of orbital neoplasia
Refer that shit ASAP
Clinical signs of masticatory muscle myositis
exophthalmos
eyelid edema
protrusion of third eyelid
pain when opening mouth
Diagnosis of masticatory muscle myositis
CS
type 2m myofiber antigen-antibody complexes
Clinical signs of idiopathic extraocular polymositis
Acute onset of bilateral exophthalmos
chemosis
Reasons for proptosis
Brachycephalic breeds due to trauma or spontaneously secondary to macropalpebral fissures
Prognosis of proptosis
Most do not regain vision
Guarded
Emergency treatment of proptosis
Only anesthetize if stable to perform temporary tarsorrhaphy
Perform lateral canthotomy to replace globe
Do not push globe back in
Suture eyelids over globe
Adjust sutures as glob retracts
Preventative therapy of proptosis
medial canthoplasty in brachycephalic breeds
