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Optho > Intro and exam > Flashcards

Intro and exam Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve is blocked during ophthalmic exam in horses

A

auriculopalpebral

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2
Q

Purpose of tonometer

A

estimate intraocular pressure

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3
Q

Preform the Schrmer tear test before doing what

A

adding fluid to the eye

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4
Q

What tests should you do before dilating the pupil

A

PLR and IOP

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5
Q

What test should you do before administering topical anesthetic

A

Corneal sensation

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6
Q

Nerves involved in palpebral reflexes

A

CN VII

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7
Q

Nerves involved in menace response

A

Afferent: CNII Efferent: CNVII

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8
Q

What is this

A

Anisocoria

(left mydriasis)

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9
Q

What is direct PLR

A

Response of the eye being illuminated

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10
Q

What is indirect PLR

A

Response of the eye not being illuminated

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11
Q

Is a positive direct PLR a reliable indicator of vision or normal retinal function

A

No!

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12
Q

Afferent parasympathetic pathway of PLR

A

photoreceptors

Bipolar cells

Retinal ganglion cells

Optic nerve

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13
Q

Where do axons from the medial retina decussate at

A

optic chiasm

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14
Q

Where do pupillomotor fibers synapse at

A

pretectal region

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15
Q

Efferent arm of PLR

A

Parasympathetic fibers along CN III

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16
Q

Dazzle response afferent nerve

A

CN II

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17
Q

Dazzle response efferent nerve

A

Facial nerve (VII)

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18
Q

Best way to preform tracking tests

A

Cotton ball drop

laser pointer

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19
Q

How do you preform a visual placing exam

A

animal is held and supported under chest, brought toward a table, animal should raise its leg to stand

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20
Q

Purpose of visual placing exam

A

Test for vision in small animals with normal motor function and mental status

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21
Q

After preliminary exam, what are the next tests

A

STT, bacterial, fungal culture needed

Pupillary light reflexes and retroillumination

Tonometry

Dilate with tropicamide

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22
Q

What does Schrimer Tear Test measure

A

Aqueious portion of the precorneal tear film

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23
Q

What is normal amount for the Schirmer Tear Test

A

15mm/min or greater

any lower is indicitive of keratoconjunctivitis sicca or decreased tear production

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24
Q

What nerves does the corneal relfex and sensation test

A

CN V, VI, VII

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25
Q

What are the parts of the eye we examine

A

Orbit

Eyelids

Third eyelid

anterior segment

conjunctiva

cornea

sclera

anterior chamber

iris and pupil

lens

26
Q

What light filter do you need with a fluorescein dye test

A

Cobalt blue filter

27
Q

What is fluorescein used for

A

Corneal ulcers

corneal leaks

N-L patency

Tear film breakup

Retinal angiography

Aqueous flow

28
Q

What does the Jones test used for

A

naso lacromal issues

29
Q

What is lissamine green and rose bengal dye used for

A

Diagnosis of keratoconjuctivitis sicca

Mucin deficiences

eraly punctate

dendritic ulcers associated with herpetic keratitis

30
Q

How do you determine a positive Jones test

A

Fluorescein passes out through the nose

31
Q

What are the indications of a corneal culture

A

Ulcers with depth

Cellular infiltrate

Collagenolysis

severe edema

32
Q

What do fluorescein stains show

A

corneal ulcers

NL passage

Tear film breakup

33
Q

What do Rose-Bengal and Lissamine green stains show

A

Cornea and conjunctival cell degernation

Mucin layer deficiency

34
Q

What does Rose Bengal and Lissamine grean stain

A

healthy cells not covered by tear ffil components

Devitalized cells

35
Q

What do you use to look at the anterior segment

A

bright focal light source

Slit beam

36
Q

What do you look for in the anterior chamber

A

Clarity, depth, mass lesions

Anterior uveitis

37
Q

What is this and what is it indiciative of

A

Miosis

Anterior uveitis

38
Q

What is this and what causes it

A

Mydriasis

Drug induced vs pathologic

Glaucoma

Retinal diesase

39
Q

What is this and what causes it

A

Dyscoria- abnormal shape

Synechia

UVitis

Mass lesions

40
Q

What is corectopia

A

abnormal position

41
Q

Parts of lens examination

A

Transilluminate and retroilluminate- dilate the pupil, use tapetal reflection

Size

Carlity vs opacity- Nuclear sclerosis, cataract

Position- anterior luxation, posterior luxation, subluxation

42
Q

What are some signs of increased IOP, glaucoma

A

Clinical signs

pupil size

Tonometry

Gonioscopy

43
Q

What is the iridocorneal angle

A

Open meshwork through which aqueous humor flows

44
Q

What are some problems associated with the iridocorneal angle

A

Can change, narrow, become fibrotic, and scarred over with inflammation

IOP elevations

45
Q

Gonioscopy

A

Visualization of the iridocorneal angle

46
Q

Posterior segment looks at

A

Structures posterior to lens:

Vitreous, retina, optic nerve

47
Q

How do you visualize the posterior segment

A

Direct/indirect ophthalmoscope

Panoptic

48
Q

Why do is tropicamide used for eye dilation over atropine

A

Tropicamide onset: 10-20 min

Atropine onset: 1 hour

49
Q

Normal vitreous apperance

A

Not visualized

50
Q

Congenital abnormalities of the vitreous

A

Persistant hyaloid artery/remnant

51
Q

Aquired opacities of the vitreous

A

Transudates/exudates

Hemorrhage

Asteroid hyalosis- age related

52
Q

What is the red-free filter used for

A

observe optic nerve fiber layer and differentiate hemorrhage from pigment

53
Q

Positive (green or black) setting on ophthalmoscope is used for

A

anterior segments

54
Q

Negative setting on direct ophthalmoscope is used for

A

depression

55
Q

Why doesn’t red-free filter work in animals

A

Tepedum

56
Q
A

ermergerd optic ferbers

57
Q

Direct magnification

A

10-15x

upright and real

small field

58
Q

panoptic manification

A

3-7x

upright and real

intermediate field

59
Q

Indirect magnification

A

2-4x

upside-down, backwards, virtual

large field

60
Q

What do we look for in the retinal vessels

A

Presence/absense

number

tortuous or thin

color

61
Q

What do we look for in the tapetum

A

Peripapillary scarring

irregularities

hyper/hyporeflectivitiy

Optho (13 decks)

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