Intro and exam

Question 1

What nerve is blocked during ophthalmic exam in horses

Answer 1

auriculopalpebral

Question 2

Purpose of tonometer

Answer 2

estimate intraocular pressure

Question 3

Preform the Schrmer tear test before doing what

Answer 3

adding fluid to the eye

Question 4

What tests should you do before dilating the pupil

Answer 4

PLR and IOP

Question 5

What test should you do before administering topical anesthetic

Answer 5

Corneal sensation

Question 6

Nerves involved in palpebral reflexes

Answer 6

CN VII

Question 7

Nerves involved in menace response

Answer 7

Afferent: CNII Efferent: CNVII

Question 8

What is this

Answer 8

Anisocoria

(left mydriasis)

Question 9

What is direct PLR

Answer 9

Response of the eye being illuminated

Question 10

What is indirect PLR

Answer 10

Response of the eye not being illuminated

Question 11

Is a positive direct PLR a reliable indicator of vision or normal retinal function

Answer 11

No!

Question 12

Afferent parasympathetic pathway of PLR

Answer 12

photoreceptors

Bipolar cells

Retinal ganglion cells

Optic nerve

Question 13

Where do axons from the medial retina decussate at

Answer 13

optic chiasm

Question 14

Where do pupillomotor fibers synapse at

Answer 14

pretectal region

Question 15

Efferent arm of PLR

Answer 15

Parasympathetic fibers along CN III

Question 16

Dazzle response afferent nerve

Answer 16

CN II

Question 17

Dazzle response efferent nerve

Answer 17

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 18

Best way to preform tracking tests

Answer 18

Cotton ball drop

laser pointer

Question 19

How do you preform a visual placing exam

Answer 19

animal is held and supported under chest, brought toward a table, animal should raise its leg to stand

Question 20

Purpose of visual placing exam

Answer 20

Test for vision in small animals with normal motor function and mental status

Question 21

After preliminary exam, what are the next tests

Answer 21

STT, bacterial, fungal culture needed

Pupillary light reflexes and retroillumination

Tonometry

Dilate with tropicamide

Question 22

What does Schrimer Tear Test measure

Answer 22

Aqueious portion of the precorneal tear film

Question 23

What is normal amount for the Schirmer Tear Test

Answer 23

15mm/min or greater

any lower is indicitive of keratoconjunctivitis sicca or decreased tear production

Question 24

What nerves does the corneal relfex and sensation test

Answer 24

CN V, VI, VII

Question 25

What are the parts of the eye we examine

Answer 25

Orbit Eyelids Third eyelid anterior segment conjunctiva cornea sclera anterior chamber iris and pupil lens

Question 26

What light filter do you need with a fluorescein dye test

Answer 26

Cobalt blue filter

Question 27

What is fluorescein used for

Answer 27

Corneal ulcers corneal leaks N-L patency Tear film breakup Retinal angiography Aqueous flow

Question 28

What does the Jones test used for

Answer 28

naso lacromal issues

Question 29

What is lissamine green and rose bengal dye used for

Answer 29

Diagnosis of keratoconjuctivitis sicca Mucin deficiences eraly punctate dendritic ulcers associated with herpetic keratitis

Question 30

How do you determine a positive Jones test

Answer 30

Fluorescein passes out through the nose

Question 31

What are the indications of a corneal culture

Answer 31

Ulcers with depth Cellular infiltrate Collagenolysis severe edema

Question 32

What do fluorescein stains show

Answer 32

corneal ulcers NL passage Tear film breakup

Question 33

What do Rose-Bengal and Lissamine green stains show

Answer 33

Cornea and conjunctival cell degernation Mucin layer deficiency

Question 34

What does Rose Bengal and Lissamine grean stain

Answer 34

healthy cells not covered by tear ffil components Devitalized cells

Question 35

What do you use to look at the anterior segment

Answer 35

bright focal light source Slit beam

Question 36

What do you look for in the anterior chamber

Answer 36

Clarity, depth, mass lesions Anterior uveitis

Question 37

What is this and what is it indiciative of

Answer 37

Miosis Anterior uveitis

Question 38

What is this and what causes it

Answer 38

Mydriasis Drug induced vs pathologic Glaucoma Retinal diesase

Question 39

What is this and what causes it

Answer 39

Dyscoria- abnormal shape Synechia UVitis Mass lesions

Question 40

What is corectopia

Answer 40

abnormal position

Question 41

Parts of lens examination

Answer 41

Transilluminate and retroilluminate- dilate the pupil, use tapetal reflection Size Carlity vs opacity- Nuclear sclerosis, cataract Position- anterior luxation, posterior luxation, subluxation

Question 42

What are some signs of increased IOP, glaucoma

Answer 42

Clinical signs pupil size Tonometry Gonioscopy

Question 43

What is the iridocorneal angle

Answer 43

Open meshwork through which aqueous humor flows

Question 44

What are some problems associated with the iridocorneal angle

Answer 44

Can change, narrow, become fibrotic, and scarred over with inflammation IOP elevations

Question 45

Gonioscopy

Answer 45

Visualization of the iridocorneal angle

Question 46

Posterior segment looks at

Answer 46

Structures posterior to lens: Vitreous, retina, optic nerve

Question 47

How do you visualize the posterior segment

Answer 47

Direct/indirect ophthalmoscope Panoptic

Question 48

Why do is tropicamide used for eye dilation over atropine

Answer 48

Tropicamide onset: 10-20 min Atropine onset: 1 hour

Question 49

Normal vitreous apperance

Answer 49

Not visualized

Question 50

Congenital abnormalities of the vitreous

Answer 50

Persistant hyaloid artery/remnant

Question 51

Aquired opacities of the vitreous

Answer 51

Transudates/exudates Hemorrhage Asteroid hyalosis- age related

Question 52

What is the red-free filter used for

Answer 52

observe optic nerve fiber layer and differentiate hemorrhage from pigment

Question 53

Positive (green or black) setting on ophthalmoscope is used for

Answer 53

anterior segments

Question 54

Negative setting on direct ophthalmoscope is used for

Answer 54

depression

Question 55

Why doesn't red-free filter work in animals

Answer 55

Tepedum

Question 56

Answer 56

ermergerd optic ferbers

Question 57

Direct magnification

Answer 57

10-15x upright and real small field

Question 58

panoptic manification

Answer 58

3-7x upright and real intermediate field

Question 59

Indirect magnification

Answer 59

2-4x upside-down, backwards, virtual large field

Question 60

What do we look for in the retinal vessels

Answer 60

Presence/absense number tortuous or thin color

Question 61

What do we look for in the tapetum

Answer 61

Peripapillary scarring irregularities hyper/hyporeflectivitiy