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BVSc2 AHS2 > Special senses - eyes > Flashcards

Special senses - eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the retina also known as?

A

Nervous tunic

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the retina called?

A

Pars ceca retina

Pars optica retina

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3
Q

What is the pars ceca retina?

A

Outer pigmented layer

Not photosensitive

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4
Q

Where do the pars ceca retina and pars optica retina arise from?

A

Optic nerve and fundus

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5
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Rounded portion at the back of the eye

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6
Q

Where does the pars ceca retina line and terminate at?

A

Lines the posterior iris and ciliary body

terminates at the pupillary margin

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7
Q

What is the pars optica retina?

A

Inner non pigmented area

Contains the photosensitive rods and cones

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8
Q

Where does the pars optica retina terminate?

A

Ora serrata - ridge further back than the cornea

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9
Q

What is the area of maximum optic resolution called?

A

Macula

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10
Q

What is the area where the optic nerve forms called?

A

Optic nerve

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11
Q

What are the cells found in the pars optica retina?

A 
Ganglion cells
Amacrine cells
Horizontal cells
Bipolar cells
Muller cells
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12
Q

What are muller cells?

A

Glial cells

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13
Q

What is the outer capsule of the lens made up of?

A

Elastic fibres

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14
Q

How does the lens change shape?

A

Zonular fibres and suspensory ligaments attach the outer capsule of the lens to the ciliary body which constricts and relaxes

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15
Q

What is the inner substance of the lens made up of?

A

Hard nucleus of concentric sheets of fibres joining at Y shaped sutures

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16
Q

What are the different chambers of the eye?

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous chamber/body

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17
Q

What fluid is found in the anterior and posterior chambers?

A

Aqueous humour

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18
Q

What fluid is found in the vitreous chamber/body and what does it do?

A

Vitreous humour - pads out eye

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19
Q

What embryological structure is found in the vitreous chamber and why?

A

Hyaloid canal - hyaloid artery travels through it and supplies the developing lens in embryo

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20
Q

Where is the anterior chamber located?

A

Between the cornea and the iris

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21
Q

Where is the posterior chamber located?

A

Between the iris and the lens

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22
Q

Where is aqueous humour produced?

A

Posterior chamber

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23
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber located?

A

Between the lens and the retina

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24
Q

What is the vascular layer of the eye called?

A

The choroid

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25
Q

Where is the tapetum lucidum located?

A

Part of the choroid layer

In the fundus

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26
Q

What animal doesnt have a tapetum lucidum?

A

Pig

27
Q

What does the tapedum lucidum do?

A

Reflects light back onto retina a second time so better sight in night

28
Q

What is a deviated eye called?

A

Strabismus

29
Q

What is a collie eye defect?

A

Colour diluted eye

No tapetum lucidum

30
Q

What does a fundus of a small ruminant look like?

A

Twisted vessels

31
Q

What feature is specific to a calf retina?

A

Ring of myelinated fibres around perifery of optic disc

32
Q

How does diabetes cause cataracts?

A

High blood glucose increases sorbitol inside lens which causes osmosis, cell swelling and death

33
Q

Where does the eye arise from?

A

Neuroectoderm

34
Q

What area of the neural plate form the optic vesicles?

A

Optic sulci

35
Q

What form from the optic sulci?

A

Optic vesicles which form the eyes

36
Q

What does contact of the optic vesicles with the ectoderm form?

A

Lens placode

37
Q

What is formed from invagination to form the lens and vitreous structures?

A

Optic cup

38
Q

What is collie eye anomaly?

A

Congenital inherited disease, causes blindness, hypoplasia of the retina

39
Q

What is a defect of the closing of the cup structures forming the iris called?

A

Coloboma

40
Q

What is it called when the embryonic vascular network of the eye doesnt break down?

A

Persistent pupillary membranes

41
Q

Where are the anterior and posterior poles of the eye?

A

Highest point on cornea and posterior surface

42
Q

Where is the optic axis?

A

Between the two poles

43
Q

What are the 3 main layers/tunics of the eye?

A

External fibrous tunic
Middle vascular tunic
Internal nervous tunic

44
Q

What are the 3 features of the external fibrous tunic?

A

Cornea
Sclera
Limbus

45
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Front of eye, avascular and transparent

46
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Dense collagen with blood vessels

47
Q

What is the area of the sclera where the optic nerve passes called?

A

Cribiform region

48
Q

What is the limbus?

A

Junction between the sclera and the cornea

49
Q

What is a deep corneal ulcer called?

A

Descemetocele

50
Q

What are the scleral blood vessels called?

A

Long and short posterior ciliary arteries

Anterior ciliary arteries

51
Q

Where do the scleral blood vessels arise from?

A

External opthalmic artery

52
Q

What is another name for the vascular tunic?

A

Uvea

53
Q

What are the 3 features of the vascular tunic?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

54
Q

What causes constriction of the iris?

A

Oculomotor nerve - parasympathetic

55
Q

What feature of the iris is found in ungulates?

A

Iridic granules - reduces glare/brightness

56
Q

Where is the ciliary body located?

A

Opposite limbus

57
Q

How does aqueous humour leave the anterior and posterior chambers?

A

Pectinate ligament

58
Q

Where does aqueous humour drain into?

A

Scleral venous sinus

59
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior chambers?

A

Iris

60
Q

What affects drainage of the aqueous humour?

A

Iridocorneal angle

61
Q

What supplies sympathetic innervation to the vascular tunic?

A

Cranial cervical ganglion

62
Q

What does the sympathetic fibres innervate?

A

Orbital muscle and dilator of pupil

63
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres follow to the orbit?

A

Opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

64
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibres innervate in the eye?

A

Constrictor of pupil and ciliary muscle

BVSc2 AHS2 (9 decks)

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