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BVSc2 AHS2 > Exotics - reptiles > Flashcards

Exotics - reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

What order are snakes and lizards in?

A

Squamata

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2
Q

What order are tortoises and terrapins in?

A

Chelonians

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3
Q

What family are most snakes in?

A

Colubrids

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4
Q

What family are the constrictor snakes in?

A

Boids

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5
Q

What kind of skull do snakes have?

A

Cranial kinesis - flexible and mobile bones

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6
Q

What bone allows a wide gape in snakes?

A

Quadrate bone

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7
Q

Do snakes have a mandibular symphysis?

A

No - instead a very elastic ligament

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8
Q

What is the brain located in?

A

Brain case - heavily ossified

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9
Q

What bones are used for snake hearing?

A

Quadrate bone and columella

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10
Q

What bone is the columella equivalent to?

A

Stapes

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11
Q

How does the snake hear?

A

The quadrate bone is in contact with the ground so can hear vibrations

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12
Q

What do snakes use for sense of smell?

A

Vomeronasal organ

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13
Q

What is the opening at the front of the mouth called?

A

Lingual fossa

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14
Q

What special sense do pit vipers have?

A

IR detection

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15
Q

Do lizards have a mandibular symphysis?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What extra special sense do lizards have?

A

Parietal/third eye - sensitive to changes in light and dark

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17
Q

Which animals have scleral ossicles?

A

Lizards and tortoises

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18
Q

What distinguishing feature do boids have?

A

Vestigial pelvis - spurs

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19
Q

What are snake scales made up of?

A

Folds of epidermis

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20
Q

What covers snake eyes?

A

Spectacle

Dont have eyelids

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21
Q

What are the ventral scales of a snake called?

A

Gastropeges - wide, thick single scales

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22
Q

What are the scales of a snake next to the vent called?

A

Subcaudal scales

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23
Q

What is skin shedding called?

A

Ecdysis

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24
Q

Where are chromatophores located?

A

In the dermis - pigment

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25
Q

How often does ecdysis occur?

A

2-4 times a year

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26
Q

What is it called when the tail falls off?

A

Tail autonomy

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27
Q

What are features of tortoise eyes?

A

Movable eyelids
Nictitating membrane
Scleral ossicles

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28
Q

What is the upper shell called?

A

Carapace

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29
Q

What is the lower shell called?

A

Plastron

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30
Q

What material is the tortoise shell made up of?

A

Dermal bone

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31
Q

What are the sections of the tortoise shell called?

A

Scutes

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32
Q

What are the scutes?

A

Keratinised epidermal scales - dont overlap with the dermal bone

33
Q

Do tortoises undergo ecdysis?

A

Yes of their scutes - bit by bit

34
Q

What are the scutes on the carapace called? Inside to outside

A

Vertebral
Pleural
Marginal
(Cervical at neck)

35
Q

What are the scutes on the carapace called? Cranial to caudal

A 
Gular
Humeral
Pectoral
Abdominal
Femoral
Anal
36
Q

How do you sex a tortoise?

A 
Males have:
Longer thicker tail
Concave plastron
Vent beyond carapace 
Scute over tail on carapace curved/hooked
37
Q

Which side are organs are more cranial?

A

Right side are more cranial

38
Q

What is the main venepuncture site in snakes?

A

Ventral coccygeal vein

39
Q

What are the subchambers of a snakes ventricle called?

A

1st - Cavum venosum
2nd - Cavum pulmonale
3rd - Cavum arteriosum

40
Q

How does a snakes heart work?

A

Deoxy - Right atrium to cavum venosum
Ventricle contracts, deoxy blood over ridge to cavum pulmonale
Contracts again, blood to pulmonary artery

Oxy - left atrium to cavum arteriosum
Ventricle contracts, blood through atrioventricular canal
Contracts again, blood into aorta

41
Q

What is the surface of the cranial snake lung called?

A

Faveolate/faveolar

42
Q

Which animals dont have a diaphragm?

A

Snakes, lizards, tortoises

43
Q

How many chambers do reptile hearts have?

A

3

44
Q

What is the renal portal system?

A

Where all blood draining the caudal body goes to the kidneys first

45
Q

What are the 3 body cavities in tortoises?

A

Pericardial
Dorsal - containing the lungs
Ventral - everything else

46
Q

What separates the dorsal and ventral cavities in a tortoise?

A

Post-pulmonary septum

47
Q

How does a tortoise respire?

A

Moves head and limbs in and out of the shell
Viscera in ventral cavity pulled down which pulls the post pulmonary septum down
This pulls the lungs out

48
Q

What is the venepuncture in a tortoise?

A

Jugular vein

Dorsal coccygeal vein

49
Q

How do snakes shunt blood?

A

Sphincter at start of pulmonary artery

50
Q

What kind of dentition do constrictor snakes have?

A

Aglyph

51
Q

How many rows of teeth do snakes have on their mandible each side?

A

1

52
Q

How many rows of teeth do snakes have on their upper jaw each side?

A

2

53
Q

What is the name of fangs that point backwards?

A

Ophistoglyph

54
Q

What is the name for fixed front fangs?

A

Proteroglyph

55
Q

What is the name for hinged front fangs and what are they in?

A

Solenoglyph - vipers

56
Q

What is a snakes heart like?

A

Elongates, 2-3 lobes

57
Q

Do snakes have gall bladders?

A

Yes

58
Q

What forms the organ triad in snakes?

A

Spleen, gall bladder and pancreas

59
Q

Where is the organ triad found?

A

Pyloric end of the stomach

60
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cloaca?

A

Coprodeum - rectum
Urodeum - urinary and genital ducts
Proctodeum - copulation occurs here

61
Q

What is a tortoises diet?

A

Mainly omnivorous, 25% herbivorous

62
Q

What is a reptiles diet?

A

Herbivorous/omnivorous

63
Q

Do tortoises have teeth?

A

No - horny beak

64
Q

What is the structure of snake and lizard kidneys?

A

Lobulated

65
Q

What have bladders?

A

Lizards - thin
Tortoises - large
Snakes - no bladder

66
Q

What kind of testes do snakes have?

A

Fusiform testes - pale and spindle shaped

67
Q

What helps to produce seminal fluid in snakes and lizards?

A

Sexual segment in kidneys

68
Q

What penis like structure do snakes have?

A

2 hemipenes

69
Q

What is the groove in the hemipene called?

A

Sulcus spermaticus - sperm travels along it

70
Q

What is the structure of snake ovaries?

A

Saccular, covered in follicles

71
Q

What are ovaries near?

A

Pancreas

72
Q

Are the gonads cranial or caudal to the kidneys?

A

Cranial

73
Q

Where is a lizards/tortoises bladder located?

A

Comes off the cloaca

74
Q

What is the structure of the oviduct?

A

Pleated ribbon

75
Q

What does the epididymis look like in tortoises?

A

Black pigmentation

76
Q

What is the male genitalia of the tortoise?

A

Engorgement of tissue on cloaca floor that protrudes out the vent

77
Q

What are reproductive problems in tortoises?

A

Pre ovulatory egg stasis - follicles form but dont ovulate

Post ovulatory egg stasis - egg stuck due to damage/stress/disease

78
Q

Where are the kidneys located in tortoises?

A

Caudal to gonads

Symmetrically placed

BVSc2 AHS2 (9 decks)

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