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BVSc2 AHS2 > Special senses - eye adnexa > Flashcards

Special senses - eye adnexa Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is at the medial canthus of the eye?

A

Lacrimal caruncle

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2
Q

What does the lacrimal caruncle do?

A

Secretes oils from sebaceous glands to help distribute tears

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3
Q

What completes the orbit?

A

Orbital ligament

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4
Q

What animals need an orbital ligament?

A

Dog, pig, cat

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5
Q

Where is the orbit osseus in domestic animals?

A

Dorsal and medial

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6
Q

What structure can form the floor of the orbit in some species?

A

Zygomatic salivary gland

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7
Q

What is the zygomatic salivary gland called in large animals?

A

Dorsal buccal salivary gland

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8
Q

What can trauma to the zygomatic salivary gland cause?

A

Zygomatic mucoseal - connective tissue capsule filled with saliva

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of orbital fascia?

A

Periorbita
Superficial muscular fascia
Deep muscular fascia

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10
Q

What is the periorbita?

A

Most superficial layer of dense fascia

Makes up lateral and ventral orbit

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11
Q

Where does the periorbita attach?

A

Optic foramen

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12
Q

How and where does the periorbita associate with the bony orbit?

A

Blends with the periosteum at the orbital margin

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13
Q

What is embedded in the dorsomedial wall of the periorbita?

A

Trochlear cartilage

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14
Q

What is the function of the trochlear cartilage?

A

Transmits the tendons of the dorsal oblique muscle

Alters the attachment of it onto the eye by 90 degrees

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15
Q

Where do the eyelids originate from embryonically?

A

Surface ectoderm

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16
Q

What is the word for fused eyelids at birth?

A

Physiological ankyloblepharon

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17
Q

What are the ligaments that attach either side of the eyelid called?

A

Palpebral ligament

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18
Q

Which palpebral ligament is more well defined?

A

Medial

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19
Q

Where do the palpebral ligaments originate from?

A

The periosteum

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20
Q

What feature of the eyelid is only found in horses?

A

Lacrimal tubercle - rod like process on the bone

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21
Q

What does the lacrimal tubercle do?

A

Elongates the palpebral fissure when the eye is closed to stabilise it

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22
Q

What is eye removal called?

A

Enucleation

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23
Q

What do you need to cut in order to remove the eye?

A

Medial palpebral ligament

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24
Q

Where is the superficial muscular fascia found?

A

Wrapped around the extraoccular muscles

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25
Q

Where is the deep muscular fascia found?

A

Deeper in the cone, more associated with the rectal muscles

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26
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eyelid?

A

Skin
Musculofibrous
Palpebral conjunctiva

27
Q

What are the two different types of conjunctiva?

A

Palpebral and bulbar

28
Q

Where is the bulbar conjunctiva found?

A

On the occular surface

29
Q

Where is the palpebral conjunctiva found?

A

Inner surface of eyelid, reflects off occular surface

30
Q

What is the join between the two types of conjunctiva called?

A

Fornix

31
Q

What is the space that is between the two types of conjunctiva called?

A

Conjunctival sac

32
Q

What main muscle is found in the musculofibrous layer?

A

Orbicularis oculi

33
Q

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Orbital - around outside of eye

Palpebral - eyelid

34
Q

What is the join between the orbital and palpebral parts of the orbicularis muscle called?

A

Orbital septum

35
Q

What muscle elevates the upper eyelid/third eyelid?

A

Aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris

36
Q

What neurological condition is associated with the levator palpebrae superioris? Why?

A

Horner’s syndrome

Under sympathetic control

37
Q

Where is the aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris found?

A

In the musculofibrous layer of the eyelid

38
Q

What does the levator palpebrae superioris attach to?

A

The tarsal plate/muscles in the eyelid

39
Q

What deep glands are on the inner surface of the eyelid?

A

Meibomian glands

40
Q

What is the alternate name for the third eyelid?

A

Nictitating membrane

41
Q

What makes up the third eyelid?

A

Fold of conjunctiva and T shaped piece of cartilage

42
Q

What controls the third eyelid?

A

Sympathetic control - involuntary

43
Q

What are the 4 main symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Sunken eye
Protruding third eyelid
Constricted pupil
Droopy upper eyelid

44
Q

What do the smooth muscles in the periorbita layer oppose?

A

Retractor bulbi

45
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

Dorsal to the lateral canthus

46
Q

Where are tears secreted?

A

Through ducts from the lacrimal gland into the dorsal fornix of the conjunctival sac

47
Q

What do tears initially drain into?

A

Punctum

48
Q

Where do tears drain from the punctum?

A

Through canaliculi to the lacrimal sac

49
Q

Where does the lacrimal sac drain to?

A

Through the lacrimal duct to the ventral nasal meatus

50
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the eye insert on?

A

The sclera of the globe

51
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the eye originate from?

A

Near the optic foramen behind the eye

Except ventral oblique - ventromedial wall of orbit

52
Q

What are all the extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

4 rectus
2 oblique
1 retractor bulbi

53
Q

What are the rectus muscles innervated by?

A

Oculomotor nerve

Except lateral rectus - abducent nerve

54
Q

What is the dorsal oblique innervated by?

A

Trochlear nerve

55
Q

What is the role of the retractor bulbi?

A

Protection of the eye by pulling it back

56
Q

What is the retractor bulbi innervated by?

A

Partly oculomotor, partly abducent

57
Q

What muscles move the eye around the dorsoventral axis?

A

Medial and lateral rectus

58
Q

What muscles move the eye around the mediolateral axis?

A

Dorsal and ventral rectus

59
Q

What muscles move the eye around the anterior-posterior axis?

A

Dorsal and ventral oblique

60
Q

What is the main blood vessel supplying the adnexal structures? What is it a branch of?

A

External opthalmic artery - branch of maxillary

61
Q

What branch of the external opthalmic artery supplies the eyelids?

A

Palpebral artery

62
Q

What branch of the external opthalmic artery supplies the extraoccular muscles?

A

Muscular branches

63
Q

What branch of the external opthalmic artery supplies the dorsum of the eye?

A

Supraorbital artery

64
Q

What artery supplies the globe?

A

Internal opthalmic artery

BVSc2 AHS2 (9 decks)

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