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Bio 30... > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

8 receptor types

A
  1. Taste
  2. Smell
  3. Pressure
  4. Proprioceptor
  5. Audio
  6. Photo
  7. Thermo
  8. Pain
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2
Q

Taste receptor

A

Chemical detection with taste buds

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3
Q

Smell receptor

A

Chemical detection by olfactory cells

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4
Q

Pressure

A

Movement of the skin

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5
Q

Proprioceptor

A

Spatial awareness, limbs

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6
Q

Audio receptor

A

Detect sound waves

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7
Q

Photo receptor

A

Detect wavelengths of light

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8
Q

Thermo receptor

A

Detect heat changes

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9
Q

Pain receptor

A

Protect us from environment

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10
Q

sensory adaptation

A

Occurs when receptors become a custom to the stimulus. the neuron ceases to fire and receptors become less sensitive

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11
Q

What is stimulus

A

A form of energy receptors convert outside energy into nerve action potentials

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12
Q

Sclera (white part)

A

Supports and protects the internal eye

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13
Q

Cornea

A

Reflects light towards the pupil also acts as protective covering

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14
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Transparent layer around the sclera… Protection

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15
Q

Aqueous humour

A

A liquid that supplies the cornea with nutrients and refracts light

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16
Q

Choroid (layer)

A

Contains pigments that prevent scattering of light in the eye. contains blood vessels that feed the different structures

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17
Q

Iris

A

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye

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18
Q

Vitreous body(humour)

A

Maintains the shape of the eyeball and permits light transmission to the retina… Irreplaceable

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19
Q

Lens

A

Focus is the image on the retina

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20
Q

Pupil

A

Functions as a hole in the iris… Controls the amount of light that enters as well

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21
Q

Retina

A

Thin layer of the eye containing the photo receptors (rods and cones)

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22
Q

Rods

A

Detects shades(black and white)

  • motion
  • shares neurons
  • have 125 million
  • all over retina
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23
Q

Cones

A
  • Detects colour
  • each has own neuron
  • you have 7 million
  • concentrated in fovea centralis
24
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Most sensitive area of the retina that contains only cones. Use for fine reading

25
Q

Blind spot

A

the optic nerve attaches to the retina there are no cons or rods

26
Q

Positive after image

A

After you look at a bright light and close your eyes and the image of the light you can still see

27
Q

Negative after image

A

After you look at bright colours they will reverse and colour when you look away

28
Q

Refraction

A

When light waves go through different mediums and they slow or bend

29
Q

Muscles and ligaments control…

A

The shape of the lens, allowing us to focus

30
Q

Accommodation

A

The adjustment of the lens to objects near and far

31
Q

When we see close our muscles…

A

Flex, and the lens is oval

32
Q

When we see far our muscles…

A

Relax, and our lens is round

33
Q

Three different types of cones

A

Each sensitive to one of the three primary colours of source light, Blue red and green

34
Q

Glaucoma

A

Caused by buildup of aqueous humor. Ducts are unable to drain excess fluid and the pressure may cause blood vessels to rupture which could lead to starvation of cells. (becomes misshapen)

35
Q

Cataract

A

Occurs when the lens or cornea becomes cloudy… Replacement surgery can be done

36
Q

Astigmatism

A

Is caused by an abnormal curvature of the lens or cornea… Would lead to poor focusing ability

37
Q

Nearsightedness (myopia)

A

Eyeball is too long so focal points it in front of right now concave lens can correct this problem

38
Q

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

A

Is caused by eyeball that is too short so focal points behind right now convex lens can correct this

39
Q

Two functions of ear

A
  1. hearing

2. equilibrium

40
Q

Three general areas of the ear

A
  1. External ear
  2. Middle ear
  3. Inner ear
41
Q

Auricle (pinna)

A

Outer part of external ear, amplifies sound by funnelling it from large area into narrow auditory canal

42
Q

Auditory canal

A

Carrie sound waves to the Tympanic membrane

43
Q

Ceruminous gland

A

Secretes a waxy substance for protection

44
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

The eardrum, convert soundwaves into mechanical vibrations

45
Q

Ossicles

A

Bones that amplify and carry sound in the middle ear, three bones involved

46
Q

Oval window

A

Receive sound waves from the ossicles

47
Q

Round window

A

At the end of the cochlea to absorb fluid waves preventing echos

48
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Airfield tube that equalize his air pressure in the external ear

49
Q

Vestibule

A

A chamber at the base of a semi circle canals, concerned with static equilibrium

50
Q

Semi circle canals

A

Fluid filled structures that provide information concerning dynamic equilibrium

51
Q

Cochlea

A

A coil tube within the inner ear that identifies sound waves and convert them into nerve impulses

52
Q

Cochlear fluid

A

Bathes the cochlear membranes and hairs of the organ Corti also carries vibrations

53
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Changes the mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses

54
Q

Two main components of Equilibrium

A

Static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium

55
Q

Static equilibrium

A

Involves movement along one plane

56
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Provides information during movement

Bio 30... (9 decks)

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