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Bio 30... > Neuron > Flashcards

Neuron Flashcards

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1
Q

Dentrites

A

Receive information and sends impulse to cell body of the neuron

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2
Q

Cell body

A

Contains nucleus

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3
Q

Axon

A

Carries nerve impulses away from cell body

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4
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulated covering over axon

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5
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between myelin sheath along axon

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6
Q

Neurilemna

A

Delicate membrane that surrounds the axon and promotes nerve regeneration

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7
Q

Synapses/synaptic gap

A

Small space between neurons

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8
Q

Axon end/end plate

A

The end opposite of the dendrites where neurotransmitters are released

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9
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Build bridge from axon end

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10
Q

Cholinesterase

A

Breaks bridge from dendrites side

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11
Q

Five essential parts to a reflex arch

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. interneuron
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
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12
Q

Receptor

A

Part of body receives the stimulus

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13
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carries messages from body to brain

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14
Q

Interneuron

A

Within the spinal cord relays between sensory and motor neurons

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15
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carries messages from the CNS to the body

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16
Q

Effector

A

Carries out the action required

are usually muscles

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17
Q

What is a nerve made up of

A

Bundle of Neurons

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18
Q

What two chemical have to do with neurons

A

Potassium and sodium

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19
Q

Neurons system is…

A

Self propagating

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20
Q

Resting potential

A

Steady charge difference across the cell membrane of Neurons

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21
Q

Action potential

A

Occurs when membrane is stimulated

22
Q

Polarized

A

Refers to the concept that there is an unequal division of charged ions

23
Q

Depolarization

A

Na goes into neuron

24
Q

Repolarization

A

K goes out of the neuron

25
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Puts chemicals back to normal

3Na/2K

26
Q

Refractory period

A

Recovery time (after repolarization) required before a neuron can produce another action potential

27
Q

Threshold level

A

Minimum level of stimulus required for producing response

28
Q

Acetylcholine is a…

A

Neurotransmitter

29
Q

5 steps of crossing synapse

A
  1. Acetylcholine released from presynaptic neuron
  2. acetylcholine crosses synapse
  3. open Na doors (bind to receptor sites)
  4. Floating Na enters neuron
  5. cholinesterase breaks bond between site and acetylcholine-> acetylcholine returns to axon end
30
Q

2 categories of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

31
Q

2 categories of CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

32
Q

2 categories of PNS

A

somatic and autonomic

33
Q

Somatic

A

voluntary skeletal muscles

34
Q

2 categories of Autonomic (involuntary)

A

Sympathetic (speeds up / fight or flight)

Parasympathetic (slow down)

35
Q

Meninges

A

protective coverings around the brain and spinal cord that act as shock absorbers

36
Q

Medulla oblongata controls

A

Breathing/ heart rate

37
Q

Cerebellum controls

A

Coordination/ balance

38
Q

Cerebrum controls

A
  • memory
  • voluntary control
  • speech
39
Q

Hypothalamus controls

A

Temp
Sleep
Hunger

40
Q

Pituitary controls

A

Many other glands of body

41
Q

Ol factory nerve

A

smell

42
Q

Optic nerve

A

Sight

43
Q

Steps of impulse

A

1.resting neuron is polarized

2 dendrite is stimulated (Na gates open)

  1. Na goes into neuron (depolarization)
  2. k goes out of neuron (repolarization)
  3. Sodium potassium pump
44
Q

4 parts of the cerebrum

A

Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe

45
Q

Frontal lobe does

A

Voluntary muscles, speech, emotion

46
Q

Temporal lobe does

A

Hearing and smelling

47
Q

Parietal lobe does

A

Touch, taste, and some memory

48
Q

Occipital lobe does

A

Vision

49
Q

Natural pain killers/endorphins

A

Manufactured by brain to mask the amount of pain that a certain pain receptor is detecting

50
Q

Opiates(heroin, codeine, morphine)

A

Prevent the production of pain transmitters as well

51
Q

White matter

A

Has myelin sheath and goes up and down spinal cord

52
Q

Grey matter

A

has interneurons and no myelin sheath

Bio 30... (9 decks)

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