Endocrine System Flashcards
Human body works best at…
37 C, 0.1 blood glucose and a pH of 7.35
Homeostasis
Your bodies attempt to adjust to environment-balance
Endocrinology
Study of hormones
Nervous system
Enables body to adjust quickly to changes in environment - fast
Why do hormones not affect everywhere
It goes everywhere, but cells may have receptors for one hormone but not another
What system carries hormones throughout the body
Circulatory system (through the blood)
Hypothalamus is located…
Above pituitary
Thyroid is located…
Base of the neck (looks like a butterfly)
Pituitary is located…
Middle of skull
Parathyroid is located…
On thyroid
Adrenal is located…
On top of each kidney
Pancreas is located…
Under the stomach
Ovaries are located…
Lower abdomen
Testes are located…
In scrotum
What gland is often called the master gland and why
Pituitary - it exercises control over the other endocrine glands
HGH (anterior pituitary)
Human growth hormone
TSH (anterior pituitary)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (metabolism )
ACTH (anterior pituitary)
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone- talks to adrenaline
FSH (anterior pituitary)
Follicle stimulating hormone
Men-sperm production
Women-egg maturing
LH (anterior pituitary)
lutenizing hormone
Men- testosterone
Women-ovulation (release an egg)
prolactin (anterior pituitary)
Produce milk
ADH (posterior pituitary)
Antidiuretic hormone- retain H2O
Oxytocin (posterior pituitary)
- Release milk
- uterine contractions
3 ways to induce labor
- natural
- the drip
- break water
Ovaries and testes can both be referred to as
Gonads
HGH promotes…
The elongation of the skeleton
Ovaries and testes can both be referred to as
Gonads
HGH promotes…
The elongation of the skeleton
Hypersecretion
When too much HGH is released
Hyposecretion
When too little HGH is released
2 diseases of hypersecretion
Gigantism and acromegaly
2 diseases of hyposecretion
Frolichs and primordial
What is gigantism
Lots of HGH and still getting taller
Acromegaly
Lots of HGH, growth plates are fused, they don’t get taller but they usually have big hands and brows and thick bones
Frolichs dwarfism
Misproportioned
Primordial
Smallest in the world
Exocrine glands
Secrete things outside of the blood.
Ex) sweat
Goiter
Results from overstimulated thyroid due to low iodine
Calcitonin
Let’s calcium into the cells
Thyroxin
Hormone that increases metabolic rate
How is thyroxin released
TSH from the pituitary stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin into the blood
Negative feedback(feedback loop)
Stops or slows it down
Positive feedback(feedback loop)
Speeds it up/ amplifies
PTH
hormone released from parathyroid, inhibits the release of calcitonin from thyroid (increasing blood calcium)
What gland is both exocrine and endocrine?
Pancreas
2 hormones released from pancreas that have to do with sugars
Insulin and glucagon
What does insulin do
Let’s sugar in cells- reduces blood sugar and converts glucose into glycogen
What does Glucagon do
Let’s sugar out of cells- Increases blood sugar and converts glycogen to glucose
What is Glycogen
Stored sugar
Sugar diabetes
The inability to produce insulin
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
3 types of Diabetes Mellitus (pancreas problems )
Type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Take insulin to live
Type 2 diabetes
Can be controlled by diet, exercise and some drugs
Gestational diabetes
Temporary diabetes
Diabetes Insipidus (pituitary problem)
Low ADH- don’t retain water
What two smaller glands are the adrenal glands made up of
Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Adrenaline
Norepinephrine
Noradrenaline (speeds up nervous system )
Effects of adrenaline
- dilates pupils
- dilates blood vessels
- increases heart rate
- increases breathing rate
- improves muscle efficiency
2 hormones produced by adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids - cortisol
mineralcorticosteroids-aldosterone
Cortisol
Increases amino acids in blood allowing for cell recovery and tissue repair- heal quicker
Aldosterone
Increases sodium retention in kidney tubules causing water to stay in body
