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Bio 30... > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Human body works best at…

A

37 C, 0.1 blood glucose and a pH of 7.35

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Your bodies attempt to adjust to environment-balance

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3
Q

Endocrinology

A

Study of hormones

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4
Q

Nervous system

A

Enables body to adjust quickly to changes in environment - fast

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5
Q

Why do hormones not affect everywhere

A

It goes everywhere, but cells may have receptors for one hormone but not another

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6
Q

What system carries hormones throughout the body

A

Circulatory system (through the blood)

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7
Q

Hypothalamus is located…

A

Above pituitary

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8
Q

Thyroid is located…

A

Base of the neck (looks like a butterfly)

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9
Q

Pituitary is located…

A

Middle of skull

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10
Q

Parathyroid is located…

A

On thyroid

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11
Q

Adrenal is located…

A

On top of each kidney

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12
Q

Pancreas is located…

A

Under the stomach

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13
Q

Ovaries are located…

A

Lower abdomen

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14
Q

Testes are located…

A

In scrotum

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15
Q

What gland is often called the master gland and why

A

Pituitary - it exercises control over the other endocrine glands

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16
Q

HGH (anterior pituitary)

A

Human growth hormone

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17
Q

TSH (anterior pituitary)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (metabolism )

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18
Q

ACTH (anterior pituitary)

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone- talks to adrenaline

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19
Q

FSH (anterior pituitary)

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Men-sperm production
Women-egg maturing

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20
Q

LH (anterior pituitary)

A

lutenizing hormone
Men- testosterone
Women-ovulation (release an egg)

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21
Q

prolactin (anterior pituitary)

A

Produce milk

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22
Q

ADH (posterior pituitary)

A

Antidiuretic hormone- retain H2O

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23
Q

Oxytocin (posterior pituitary)

A
  • Release milk

- uterine contractions

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24
Q

3 ways to induce labor

A
  • natural
  • the drip
  • break water
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25
Q

Ovaries and testes can both be referred to as

A

Gonads

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26
Q

HGH promotes…

A

The elongation of the skeleton

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27
Q

Ovaries and testes can both be referred to as

A

Gonads

28
Q

HGH promotes…

A

The elongation of the skeleton

29
Q

Hypersecretion

A

When too much HGH is released

30
Q

Hyposecretion

A

When too little HGH is released

31
Q

2 diseases of hypersecretion

A

Gigantism and acromegaly

32
Q

2 diseases of hyposecretion

A

Frolichs and primordial

33
Q

What is gigantism

A

Lots of HGH and still getting taller

34
Q

Acromegaly

A

Lots of HGH, growth plates are fused, they don’t get taller but they usually have big hands and brows and thick bones

35
Q

Frolichs dwarfism

A

Misproportioned

36
Q

Primordial

A

Smallest in the world

37
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete things outside of the blood.

Ex) sweat

38
Q

Goiter

A

Results from overstimulated thyroid due to low iodine

39
Q

Calcitonin

A

Let’s calcium into the cells

40
Q

Thyroxin

A

Hormone that increases metabolic rate

41
Q

How is thyroxin released

A

TSH from the pituitary stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin into the blood

42
Q

Negative feedback(feedback loop)

A

Stops or slows it down

42
Q

Positive feedback(feedback loop)

A

Speeds it up/ amplifies

43
Q

PTH

A

hormone released from parathyroid, inhibits the release of calcitonin from thyroid (increasing blood calcium)

44
Q

What gland is both exocrine and endocrine?

A

Pancreas

45
Q

2 hormones released from pancreas that have to do with sugars

A

Insulin and glucagon

46
Q

What does insulin do

A

Let’s sugar in cells- reduces blood sugar and converts glucose into glycogen

47
Q

What does Glucagon do

A

Let’s sugar out of cells- Increases blood sugar and converts glycogen to glucose

48
Q

What is Glycogen

A

Stored sugar

49
Q

Sugar diabetes

A

The inability to produce insulin

50
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugar

51
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar

52
Q

3 types of Diabetes Mellitus (pancreas problems )

A

Type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes

53
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Take insulin to live

54
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Can be controlled by diet, exercise and some drugs

55
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Temporary diabetes

56
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (pituitary problem)

A

Low ADH- don’t retain water

57
Q

What two smaller glands are the adrenal glands made up of

A

Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

58
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

59
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

60
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Noradrenaline (speeds up nervous system )

61
Q

Effects of adrenaline

A
  • dilates pupils
  • dilates blood vessels
  • increases heart rate
  • increases breathing rate
  • improves muscle efficiency
62
Q

2 hormones produced by adrenal cortex

A

Glucocorticoids - cortisol

mineralcorticosteroids-aldosterone

63
Q

Cortisol

A

Increases amino acids in blood allowing for cell recovery and tissue repair- heal quicker

64
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases sodium retention in kidney tubules causing water to stay in body

Bio 30... (9 decks)

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