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Bio 30... > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Variation

A

Ensures the survival of a species

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2
Q

Testes originate…

A

In the abdominal cavity and descend just prior to birth into scrotum

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3
Q

Testes secrete…

A

Hormones that help shape body as well as mental attitudes

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4
Q

Testes

A
  • Paired oval gland
  • covered with fibrous tissue and seminiferous tubules (sertoli cells)
  • produce spermatozoa (1000/second)
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5
Q

Interstitial cells

A
  • Located between seminiferous tubules

- produce testosterone

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6
Q

Epididymis

A

On the surface of testes where sperm matures and are stored

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7
Q

LH targets

A

Interstitial cells

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8
Q

FSH targets

A

Sertoli cells

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9
Q

Scrotum

A
  • loose pouch that contains testes
  • isolated from body to control temp of testes(35)
  • muscles are mainly involuntary
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10
Q

Vas deferens

A
  • tubes that transport sperm during ejaculation

- cutting off is a vasectomy

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11
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Made up of

  • vans deferens
  • blood and vessels
  • muscles
  • nerves
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12
Q

Spermatozoa (sperm)

A

Sperm+additives =semen

-once ejaculated have life span of 2 days in female tract

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13
Q

Parts of sperm

A

Tail- flagellum, propeller to move
Head- contains nucleus
Acrosome- part of head, contains enzymes to dissolve cells covering egg

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14
Q

Urethra

A

Conducts sperm out into vagina after secretions

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles

A
  • 60% of volume

- secretes additives including fructose to provide sperm with energy

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16
Q

Prostate gland

A

Propels semen out of body

-has buffers to neutralize the conditions in penis and vagina

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17
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

Secrets lubricant that assists intercourse as well buffers that neutralize acidic conditions in vagina

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18
Q

Penis

A

Deposits sperm into vagina

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19
Q

3 parts of penis

A
  1. glans
  2. prepuce
  3. Corpora cavernosa
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20
Q

Glans

A

Erectile tissue

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21
Q

Prepuce

A

Covering over glans (foreskin)

Removed for reasons like

  • hygiene
  • cosmetic
  • religious
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22
Q

Corpora cavernosa

A

Soft erectile tissue

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23
Q

Secondary sex characteristics (puberty) (6)

A
  • hair growth
  • deeper voice
  • fat deposits
  • coarser skin
  • hand and feet grow
  • angle from thigh to ankle forms straight line
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24
Q

Testosterone

A

Produced at interstitial cells(testes)

  • stimulates spermatogenesis
  • promotes 2ndary sex characteristics
  • associated with sex drive
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25
Q

FSH (men)

A

produced at pituitary gland

-initiates sperm production

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26
Q

LH (men)

A

Produced at pituitary gland

-promotes testosterone production

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27
Q

GnRH

A

Produced at hypothalamus

-stimulates FSH & LH

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28
Q

Inhibin

A

Produced at Sertoli cells

-stops FSH and GnRH production

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29
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of glans penis

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30
Q

Circumcision

A

Removal of all or part of prepuce

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31
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of testes

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32
Q

Prostalitis

A

Inflammation of prostate gland

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33
Q

Vasectomy

A

Removal of short section of vans deferens (both)

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34
Q

Impotence

A

Inability marks to have erection due to psychological or physical problems

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35
Q

Male birth control (3)

A
  • condom
  • just say no
  • vasectomy
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36
Q

7 functions of female

A
  1. Produce ova
  2. Produce hormones
  3. receive sperm
  4. provide site of fertilization and implantation
  5. carry baby
  6. deliver baby
  7. nourish baby
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37
Q

Ovaries

A

Paired almond shaped gland. 300,000 follicles at birth

Only 400 are ovulated

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38
Q

Fimbrae

A

Finger like extensions off top of Fallopian tube that move in a rhythmic fashion to sweep egg into opening of Fallopian tube

39
Q

Fallopian tube (oviduct)

A

Faired tubes that transport ova down from ovaries to the uterus. Lined with cilia that sweep egg towards uterus. If sperm is in distal 1/3 then fertilization may take place after fertilization it takes 3-4 days for the blastocyst to travel to uterus and implantation take place.

40
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Occurs if pelvic or tubular implantation occurs

41
Q

Uterus

A

Muscular organ about size of fist -lining is shed

42
Q

Where implantation takes place

A

Endometrium

43
Q

Vagina

A

Birth canal, passageway for menstrual fluid, receptacle for penis, acidic environment

44
Q

Cervix

A

Muscular ring at the bottom of uterus located at end of vagina
- common type of cancer in women

45
Q

Pap test

A

Done with speculum to detect early signs of cancer done at age of about 21

46
Q

4 parts of Vulva

A
  1. Mons pubis
  2. Labia majora
  3. Labia minora
  4. Clitoris
47
Q

Mons pubis

A

Area of fatty tissue that covers pubic bone in males and female

48
Q

Labia majora

A

Pubic hair present along sweat glands and other lubricating glands. Folds of skin protect opening of vagina

49
Q

Labia minora

A

No public hair or sweat glands but these folds also protect vagina

50
Q

Clitoris

A

Erectile tissue as well as protective structure.

51
Q

Mammary glands

A

fatty deposits and glands that secret milk through series of tubes to the nipple

52
Q

Prolactin is induced by

A

High levels of progesterone

53
Q

Secondary sex characteristics in women (7)

A
  • enlarged breasts
  • hair in armpits and pubic area
  • wider hips
  • fat deposits on hips and butt
  • more body fat then men
  • hand and feet smaller then men
  • angle from hip to ankle is angled
54
Q

C section

A

Remove baby thru abdomen

55
Q

Colostrum

A

The first milk

56
Q

Episiotomy

A

Cut vulva during birth

57
Q

Gestation

A

Length of pregnancy

58
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Uterus is removed

59
Q

Parturition

A

Birth

60
Q

Quickening

A

First fetal movement

61
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Sample of amniotic fluid

62
Q

Epidural

A

Numbs the spine

63
Q

Estrogen

A

Produced at follicle cell in ovary

  • Thickens endometrium
  • inhibits facial hair
64
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced at corpus luteum for first 12 weeks and then the placenta for rest of gestation

  • inhibits ovulation and FSH
  • firms cervix
  • keeps endometrium
65
Q

FSH

A

Produced at anterior pituitary

-matures the follicle

66
Q

LH

A

Produced at anterior pituitary

-stimulates ovulation

67
Q

Relaxin

A

Produced at placenta

-helps relax ligaments in pelvis and soften cervix

68
Q

Oxytocin

A

Produced at posterior pituitary

  • causes uterine contractions
  • releases milk
69
Q

Prolactin

A

Produced at anterior pituitary

-milk production

70
Q

Oogenesis

A

Beginning of egg maturing

71
Q

What are the names for first and last menstruation

A

First is menarche

Last is menopause

72
Q

Four phases of the menstrual cycle

A
  1. Flow phase
  2. Follicular phase
  3. Ovulatory phase
  4. Luteal phase
73
Q

Flow phase

A

Uterus contracts, helps to release endometrium

Lasts about 3-7 days

74
Q

Follicular phase

A

Building of endometrium as follicle matures. Takes place between days 6-13

75
Q

Ovulatory phase

A

Oocyte bursts from the ovary and is swept to the oviduct. Day 14

76
Q

Luteal phase

A

Egg waits for fertilization and endometrium is being prepped

Corpus luteum is producing progesterone while maintaining endometrium

77
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg

78
Q

2 layers of blastocyst and what they are

A

Amnion- inner membrane that becomes amniotic sac

Chorion-outer membrane that becomes placenta, produces HCG for 1st 3 months

79
Q

Early umbilical cord

A

Allantois

80
Q

Chorionic villi

A

Projections for the placenta that ensure a number of blood vessels are exposed to maternal blood

81
Q

First trimester

A

Gastrulation happens here, goes from 2 layered to 3 layered gastrula

82
Q

3 germ layers

A
  1. ectoderm- outer layers of cell, becomes skin nerves and brain
  2. mesoderm-middle layer becomes muscle and kidney
  3. endoderm-inner organs
83
Q

Second trimester

A

All organs are formed but not fully

84
Q

Third trimester

A

Baby is increasing in mass and organs are enlarging

85
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells specialize

86
Q

Gastrulation

A

Jelly bean collapses

87
Q

In vitro fertilization

A

Sperm and eggs are donated, fertilization happens in lab then embryo is implanted into mother

88
Q

Artificial insemination

A

Mom chooses a donor and the sperm is inserted and fertilization takes place

89
Q

Labia majora is homologous to…

A

Scrotum in males

90
Q

Clitoris is homologous to

A

Glans in males

91
Q

How many days after fertilization is the baby’s due date

A

266

92
Q

How many days after first day of last period is baby’s due date

A

280

93
Q

4 types of birth control

A

1.the pill
2. The patch
3. Implants
4 diaphragm

Bio 30... (9 decks)

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