DNA / Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Mutation
DNA is altered
Rosalind Franklin
Discovered DNA shape
Chargaff
Discovered that the percentages of A-T and C-G
Watson and crick
put all the information and cracked DNA code
Structure of DNA
backbone- Sugar and phosphate molecules
rungs-nitrogen bases(a,t,g,c)
Endonucleus
naturally cuts strands of DNA to fix mistakes during DNA replications
Restriction enzymes
Biological scissors which can be used to manipulate DNA
Ligase enzyme
Type of glue that can repair the damage done by restriction enzymes
Recombinant DNA
Artificially manipulated
Ribosomes
Read DNA to arrange amino acid
Mrna
a copy made from template
Transcription
mRNA and DNA rejoin
Codon
3 mRNA
Anti codon
tRNA
Polypeptide chain
Amino acids that are bound together
Translation
Binding mRNA to tRNA
Oncogenes
- Cancer cells display nitrogen base substitution
- cancer cells arise because of mutations that alter DNA
Hardy Weinberg‘s principle
Suggests that if a number of things were to remain constant the gene pool would remain the same throughout many generations
Allele frequency
The proportion of Gene copies in a population of a given allele
Genotypic frequency
The amount of times and genotype shows up in a population
Genetic drift
The genetics of a population changes due to chance
Founder effect
A new population arises from apparent population due to geographic isolation of a small group. the small group will have less genetic diversity
Bottleneck effect
A new population arises from a parent population due to a disaster or loss of numbers are of the original resulting in less genetic diversity
