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S2 Bio 109 A&P 2 > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Special senses

A

Separate cell structural classification of receptor

  • smell
  • taste
  • hearing
  • balance
  • vision
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2
Q

Sense of smell

A
  • odor dissolves in mucus surrounding the olfactory cilia (in contact with epithelium in the nasal cavity)
  • receptor potential is passed to the olfactory nerves in the olfactory bulb
  • impulse passes through olfactory tract into the thalamus and olfactory centers of the brain
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3
Q

Pic

A

Pic

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4
Q

Sense of taste

A
  • receptor potential in taste buds (from chemo receptors called gustatory cells)
  • propagation of action potential
  • transmits to the brain
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5
Q

Pic

A

Pic

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6
Q

Hearing and balance

A
  • external, middle, and inner ear
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7
Q

Pic

A

Pic

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8
Q

External ear

A
  1. Auricle or pinna: visible portion
  2. External auditory canal: tube leading to the temporal bone and tympanic membrane
  3. Tympanic membrane
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9
Q

Middle ear

A

Tympanic cavity

  • tiny epithelial lined cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone
  • contains 3 auditory ossicles
    1. Malleus - hammer - attached to inner surface of tympanic membrane
    2. Incus - anvil - attached to malleus and stapes
    3. Stapes - stirrup - attached to the incus
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10
Q

Pic

A

Pic

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11
Q

Inner ear

A

Labyrinth

  • consist of two main parts: a bony labyrinth and inside a membranous labyrinth
  • the bony labyrinth consists of 3 parts
    1. Vestibule
    2. Cochlea
    3. Semicircular canals
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12
Q

Pic

A

Pic

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13
Q

Inner ear

A

Membranous labyrinth is inside the bony labyrinth and contains

  • the utricle and saccule (inside vestibule)
  • the cochlear duct inside cochlea
  • the membranous semicircular ducts inside
  • the bony semicircular canals
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14
Q

Vestibule and semicircular canals

A

Involved with balance

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15
Q

Cochlea

A

Involved in hearing

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16
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid filling the membranous labyrinth

17
Q

Perilymph

A

Fluid that suspends the membranous

18
Q

Pic

A

Pic

19
Q

Sense of hearing

A

Sound is created by vibration

  • the ability to hear sound waves is depend on volume, pitch, and other acoustic properties
  • to be hear, sound must travel though air, bone, and fluid
20
Q

Sense of balance

A
  • the sense organs involved in the sense of balance, or equilibrium, are found in the vestibule and semicircular canals
  • the sense organs located in the vestibule: utricle and saccule function in static equilibrium
  • the sense organs associated with the semicircular ducts function in dynamic equilibrium
21
Q

Static equilibrium: otoliths organs

A

Utricle and saccule

  • walls of both organs contain a small thickened region called the macula
  • the tow macula are perpendicular to each other and provide information for static equilibrium
  • 2 kinds of cells in the macula (hair and otolithic membrane)
22
Q

Pic

A

Pic

23
Q

Dynamic equilibrium: semicircular canals

A

Semicircular canals lie at right angles to one another in 3 planes

  • 2 verticle ducts (anterior and posterior)
  • 1 horizontal duct (lateral)
  • sensory organ: crista. Located in ampulla and contains hair cells and supporting cellls
24
Q

Pic

A

Pic

25
Q

Sense of vision

A

Light converts stored photochemical energy into nervous impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sight
- external structures include: eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic)

26
Q

Layers of the eyeball

A
  1. Fibrous layer
    - sclera - cornea
  2. Vascular layer
    - choroid - iris - ciliary body
  3. Inner layer
    - retina - optic nerve - retinal blood vessels
27
Q

Fibrous layer

A

Outer coat of eyeball

  • cornea: the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous layer
  • sclera: white opaque outer portion of the eye (white secondary to collagen and elastin bundles)
28
Q

Vascular layer

A
  • choroid: highly pigmented area
  • ciliary body: formed by a thickening of the choroid and contains the ciliary muscle
  • iris: colored part of the eye that attaches to the ciliary body which controls the diameter of the pupil
29
Q

Pic

A

Pic

30
Q

Pic

A

Pic

31
Q

Inner layer

A

Retina

  • mostly made up of nervous tissue
  • 3 layers of neurons
    1. Photoreceptors cells: rods and cones
    2. Bipolar cells: receive impulses from rods and cones
    3. Ganglio cells: receive info from rods, conoces, and bipolar cells and send the information to the optic nerve via the optic disk

S2 Bio 109 A&P 2 (29 decks)

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