Anatomy of respiratory system Flashcards
1
Q
Respiratory system overview
A
Functions
- warms, filters, and humidifies air
- influences speech, homeostasis of body pH, and olfaction
- air distribution
- gas exchange
- alveoli serve as gas exchangers; all other parts of respiratory system serve as air distributors
2
Q
Respiratory structural divisions
A
- Upper tract
- nose - nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx - larynx - Lower tract
- trachea - bronchial tree - lungs - Accessory structures
- oral cavity - rib cage - diaphragm - mm
3
Q
Pic
A
Pic
4
Q
External nose
A
Consists of a bony cartilaginous frame covered by skin
5
Q
Internal nose
A
Nasal cavity
- formed inferiorly by the paired palatine bones and superiority by the ethmoid bone
- sometimes the palatine bones fail to unite completely and produce a condition known as cleft palate
6
Q
Cribiform plate
A
- separates the roof of the nose from the cranial cavity
- is a portion of the ethmoid bone
- perforations allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity
7
Q
Pic
A
Pic
8
Q
Nasal septum
A
Divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves
- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (above)
- vomer bone
- septal nasal and vomeronasal cartilages (below)
9
Q
Nasal mucosa
A
Respiratory mucosa
- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells that secrete mucus
- rich blood supply
10
Q
Paranasal sinuses
A
- external nose merges with the nasal cavtties, and posteriorly communicates with pharynx though the internal nares
- four pairs of air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity
- each is lined with respiratory mucosa
11
Q
Pic
A
Pic
12
Q
Functions of the nose
A
- Air that enters through the nasal cavities is filtered of impurities, warmed, moistened, chemically examined.
- Serves as a passageway for air going to and from the lungs
- Mucous secretions provide a “trap” for particulate matter removed from air before it travels further into the respiratory tract
13
Q
Pharynx
A
Throat
- tubelike structure that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus
- lies just posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, superior to the larynx, and anterior to the cervical vertebrae
- made of muscle and lined with mucous membranes
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
14
Q
Pic
A
Pic
15
Q
Nasopharynx
A
- lies behind the nose and extends to the soft palate
- contains pharyngeal tonsils (called adenoids when they are enlarged)
- has 4 openings: right and left Eustachian tubes and 2 internal/posterior nares
16
Q
Oropharynx
A
Lies form the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone
- contains palatine and lingual tonsils
- 1 opening: fauces from the mouth
17
Q
Laryngopharynx
A
Begins at the level of the hyoid bone
- inferior end opens to the esophagus posteriorly and larynx anteriorly
- contains no tonsils
- has 2 openings: esophagus and larynx
18
Q
Functions of pharynx
A
The common pathway for both respiratory and digestive tracts
- traps foreign particles form going further into the respiratory tract
- effects phonation
19
Q
Larynx
A
Commonly called the voice box
- lies between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea
- just below and in front of the lowest part of the pharynx
- triangle shaped and made up of muscles and cartilage
1. Vestibule
2. Vestibular folds: false vocal folds, vocal folds/cords, rima glottis i
3. Glottis: includes the vocal folds and the rima glottidis
