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ANAPHY LAB > SPECIAL SENSES > Flashcards

SPECIAL SENSES Flashcards

1
Q

primary taste sensations

A

salty, sweet, umami, sour, bitter

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2
Q

taste is also known as

A

GUSTATION

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3
Q

how many taste buds are found mainly on tongue

A

4,000

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4
Q

begins with the action of CHEMICAL STIMULANTS on taste buds

A

TASTE (gustation)

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5
Q

taste (gustation begins with the action of what chemical stimulants

A

TASTANTS

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6
Q

visible BUMPS of taste buds

A

LINGUAL PAPILLAE

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7
Q

groups of taste cells

A

TASTE BUDS

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8
Q

NO taste buds
sense FOOD TEXTURE

A

FILIFORM

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9
Q

WEAKLY developed
SIDES of tongue
taste buds degenerate by age 3

A

FOLIATE

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10
Q

a FEW taste buds
at TIPS & SIDES of tongue

A

FUNGIFORM

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11
Q

at REAR of tongue in a ā€œVā€
LARGE - contain up to 1/2 of all taste buds

A

VALLATE (circumvallate)

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12
Q

LEMON-SHAPED groups of 50-150: taste cells, supporting cells, & basal cells

A

TASTE BUDS

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13
Q

serve as RECEPTOR SURFACE for taste molecules

A

APICAL MICROVILLI (taste hairs)

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14
Q

PIT into which the taste hairs project

A

TASTE PORES

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15
Q

taste hairs are _____ cells

A

EPITHELIAL CELLS

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16
Q

taste hairs synapse with and release neurotransmitters onto _________ at their base

A

SENSORY NEURONS

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17
Q

_________ synapse with and release neurotransmitters onto sensory neurons at their base

A

TASTE HAIRS

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18
Q

taste hairs synapse with and release neurotransmitters onto sensory neurons at their ____

A

BASE

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19
Q
  • stem cells that REPLACE taste cells every 7 - 10 days
  • may have some sensory role
A

BASAL CELLS

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20
Q
  • RESEMBLE taste cells
  • NO taste hairs, synaptic vesicles or sensory role
A

SUPPORTING CELLS

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21
Q

basal cells replace taste cells every how many days

A

7 - 10 days

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22
Q
  • contains 10-20 million olfactory cells (neurons), epithelial supporting cells, and basal stem cells
  • mucosa of the ROOF of the nasal cavity
  • on average 2,000-4,000 odors distinguished
A

OLFACTORY MUCOSA
smell (olfaction)

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23
Q

olfactory mucosa has how many odors distinguished on average

A

2,000 - 4,000

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24
Q

olfactory cells are shaped like

A

BOWLING PINS

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25
Q

olfactory cells type of neurons

A

AFFERENT NEURONS

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26
Q

modified dendrite with swollen tip

A

OLFACTORY CELLS

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27
Q

olfactory cellsā€™ head bears how many cilia

A

10-20

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28
Q

olfactory cells have binding sites for odorant molecules and are _______

A

NON-MOTILE

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29
Q

olfactory hairs

A

CILIA

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30
Q

______ of each cell becomes the axon on olfactory cells

A

BASAL END

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31
Q

_______ collect into small fascicles and leave the nasal cavity through the cribriform foramina in the ethmoid bone

A

AXONS

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32
Q

axons collect into small fascicles and leave the nasal cavity through the ____________ in the ethmoid bone

A

CRIBRIFORM FORAMINA

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33
Q

axons collect into small fascicles and leave the nasal cavity through the cribriform foramina in the ____________

A

ETHMOID BONE

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34
Q

a response to VIBRATING AIR molecules (i.e., mechanoreception)

A

HEARING

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35
Q

the sense of MOTION, body orientation, and BALANCE

A

EQUILIBRIUM

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36
Q

hearing & equilibrium both reside in the ______, a mase of fluid-filled passages and sensory cells

A

INNER EAR

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37
Q

_______ is set in motion and the sensory cells convert this motion into an informative pattern of action potentials

A

FLUID

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38
Q

fluid is set in motion and the sensory cells convert this motion into an _____________ of action potentials

A

INFORMATIVE PATTERN

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39
Q

fluid is set in motion and the sensory cells convert this motion into an informative pattern of __________

A

ACTION POTENTIALS

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40
Q

a FUNNEL to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

OUTER EAR

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41
Q

directs sound down the AUDITORY CANAL

A

AURICLE (pinna)

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42
Q
  • passage leading through TEMPORAL BONE to TYMPANIC MEMBRANE (eardrum)
A

AUDITORY CANAL

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43
Q

______ protect outer end of ear canal

A

GUARD HAIRS

44
Q

earwax

45
Q

located in the AIR-FILLED TYMPANIC CAVITY in temporal lobe

A

MIDDLE EAR

46
Q
  • CLOSES the inner end of the auditory canal (separates it from middle ear)
  • vibrates FREELY in response to sound
  • innervated by sensory branches of VAGUS & TRIGEMINAL nerves
  • highly sensitive to pain
A

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE (eardrum)

47
Q

tympanic membrane (eardrum) is innervated by sensory branches of ____ & ______ nerves

A

VAGUS & TRIGEMINAL

48
Q
  • space only 2 - 3mm wide between outer & inner ears
  • contains auditory ossicles which connect the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
A

TYMPANIC CAVITY

49
Q

this connects the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

A

AUDITORY OSSICLES

50
Q

AUDITORY OSSICLES

A

malleus
incus
stapes

51
Q
  • connects MIDDLE EAR to NASOPHARYNX
  • equalizes AIR PRESSURE
  • normally CLOSED, swallowing or yawning open it
  • allows THROAT INFECTIONS to spread to middle ear
A

AUDITORY (eustachian) TUBE

52
Q
  • housed in a maze of temporal bone passageways ā€“ bony (osseous) labyrinth
  • lined by a system of fleshy tubes ā€“ membranous labyrinth
53
Q

inner ear is lined by a system of FLESHY TUBES called

A

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

54
Q

inner ear is housed in a maze of temporal bone passageways called

A

BONY (OSSEOUS) LABYRINTH

55
Q

between the bony and membranous labyrinth is a cushion of fluid called

56
Q

within the membranous labyrinth is a fluid called the

57
Q

contains the organs of equilibrium

58
Q

organ of HEARING

59
Q
  • coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space
  • static or dynamic
A

EQUILIBRIUM

60
Q

RECEPTORS for equilibrium that consist of three semicircular ducts & two chambers

A

VESTIBULAR APPARATUS

61
Q

detect only ANGULAR ACCELERATION

A

THREE SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

62
Q
  • saccule & utricle
  • responsible for STATIC EQUILIBRIUM and LINEAR ACCELERATION
A

TWO CHAMBERS

63
Q

change in velocity in a STRAIGHT LINE

A

LINEAR ACCELERATION

64
Q

orientation of the head when the body is in STATIONARY

65
Q

perception of MOTION or ACCELERATION

66
Q

the change in the RATE OF ROTATION

A

ANGULAR ACCELERATION

67
Q

perception of objects in the environment by means of LIGHT they EMIT or REFLECT

A

VISION (sight)

68
Q

must cause a PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION to produce a nerve signal

69
Q

light must cause a ______________ to produce a nerve signal

A

PHOTOCHEMICAL REACITON

70
Q

DOMINANT sense in terms of number of receptor cells

A

VISION & LIGHT

71
Q
  • TRANSPARENT mucous membrane
  • lines eyelids & anterior surface of the eyeball, EXCEPT CORNEA
  • richly innervated & vascular
  • secretes a thin mucous film that PREVENTS THE EYEBALL FROM DRYING
A

CONJUNCTIVA

72
Q

tear duct

A

LACRIMAL GLAND

73
Q

6 extrinsic muscles attach to exterior surface of the eyeball

A

EYE MUSCLES

74
Q

how many eye muscles

75
Q

how many RECTUS muscles

76
Q

how many OBLIQUE muscles

77
Q
  • superior, inferior, medial, & lateral
  • move the eye UP/DOWN, MEDIALLY/LATERALLY
A

RECTUS MUSCLES

78
Q
  • superior & inferior
  • down & out; up & out
A

OBLIQUE MUSCLES

79
Q

forms the wall of the eyeball

A

3 LAYERS (tunics)

80
Q

contains SCLERA & CORNEA

A

TUNICA FIBROSA

81
Q

contains CHOROID, CILIARY BODY, IRIS

A

TUNICA VASCULOSA

82
Q

contains RETINA, OPTIC NERVE

A

TUNICA INTERNA

83
Q
  • admit & FOCUS LIGHT
  • cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
A

OPTICAL COMPONENTS

84
Q
  • retina & optic nerve
  • macula lutea, fovea centralis, optic disc
A

NEURAL COMPONENT

85
Q

highly vascular, DEEPLY PIGMENTED layer BEHIND RETINA

86
Q
  • EXTENSION of choroid; a MUSCULAR RING around lens
  • supports lens & iris
  • secretes aqueous humor
A

CILIARY BODY

87
Q
  • COLORED DIAPHRAGM controlling size of pupil
88
Q

WHITE of the eye

88
Q

outer fibrous layer

A

TUNICA FIBROSA

89
Q

TRANSPARENT region of modified sclera in front of eye that ADMITS LIGHT

90
Q

MIDDLE VASCULAR LAYER

A

TUNICA VASCULOSA (uvea)

91
Q

transparent elements that admit light, refract light rays, and focus images on retina

A

OPTICAL COMPONENTS

92
Q

transparent outer cover

93
Q

serous fluid

A

AQUEOUS HUMOR

94
Q

changes shape to focus light

95
Q

jelly

A

VITREOUS HUMOR

96
Q

retina & optic nerve

A

NEURAL COMPONENTS

97
Q

PATCH of RETINA on visual axis of eye

A

MACULA LUTEA

98
Q
  • CENTER of macula
  • FINELY DETAILED IMAGES due to packed receptor cells
A

FOVEA CENTRALIS

99
Q
  • NO receptor cells
  • BLIND SPOT
A

OPTIC DISC

100
Q

RODS & CONES

A

PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS

101
Q
  • NIGHT VISION, monochromatic (greyscale)
  • 120 million
102
Q
  • DAY VISION, COLOUR vision
  • 5-6 million
103
Q

how many rods

104
Q

how many cones

ANAPHY LAB (10 decks)

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