DIGESTIVE Flashcards
- Chew
- Tear
- Grind
- Mash
- Mix
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
- Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
CHEMICAL DIGESTION
the INTRINSIC nervous system of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
It contains complete reflex circuits that detect the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract, integrate information about the state of the gastrointestinal tract, and provide outputs to control gut movement, fluid exchange between the gut and its lumen, and local blood flow.
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
motility, rhythm and FORCE OF THE CONTRACTIONS of the muscularis
MYENTERIC PLEXUS (plexus of Auerbach)
REGULATION of digestive secretion and reacting to the presence of food
SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS (plexus of Meissner)
(plexus of Meissner)
SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS
(plexus of Auerbach)
MYENTERIC PLEXUS
Lipids are absorbed via _______, tiny structures of the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
LACTEALS
The blood vessels’ second function is to supply the organs of the __________ with the nutrients and oxygen needed to drive their cellular processes.
ALIMENTARY CANAL
anterior parts of the alimentary canal
AORTIC ARCH & THORACIC AORTA
liver, stomach, duodenum
CELIAC TRUNK
small and large intestine
SUPERIOR & INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERIES
membrane, a sheet of smooth tissue that LINES YOUR ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY and surrounds your abdominal organs. It PADS and INSULATES your organs, helps hold them in place and secretes a lubricating fluid to reduce friction when they rub against each other
PERITONEUM
Inflammation of the peritoneum
PERITONITIS
a site of FAT DEPOSITION in people who are overweight
GREATER OMENTUM
ANCHORS THE LIVER to the anterior abdominal wall and inferior border of the diaphragm
FALCIFORM LIGAMENT
– suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver
– provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver
LESSER OMENTUM
ANCHORING all of the SMALL INTESTINE except the initial portion (the duodenum)
MESENTERY
attaches TWO PORTIONS OF LARGE INTESTINE (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall
MESOCOLON
- tube within a tube
- direct LINK/PATH between organs
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch).
MOUTH
a FLAP-LIKE structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.
EPIGLOTTIS
EPIGLOTTIS is located in the
PHARYNX
ESOPHAGUS is approx. how long
20cm
- Secrete mucus
- Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis
ESOPHAGUS
If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s
HEARTBURN
J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.
STOMACH
the STOMACH Mixes food with DIGESTIVE JUICES that contain enzymes to break down ___________
PROTEINS & LIPIDS
Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills
BACTERIA
Food found in the stomach is called
CHYME
SMALL INTESTINES are how long
7 meters
lining of intestine walls has FINGER-LIKE projections called ____ to increase surface area
VILLI
the villi are covered in ______ which further increases surface area for ABSORPTION
MICROVILLI
Nutrients from the food pass into the ________ through the small intestine walls.
BLOODSTREAM
- Absorbs:
– 80% ingested water
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids - Secretes digestive enzymes
SMALL INTESTINE
made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
AMYLASE
made in the pancreas; breaks down FATS
LIPASE
made in the pancreas; breaks down PROTEINS
PROTEASE
breaks down LACTOSE
LACTASE
breaks down SUCROSE
SUCRASE
how lang is the large intestine
1.5 meters
Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
LARGE INTESTINE
beginning of the large intestine
CECUM
REMAINING water and electrolytes are absorbed
ASCENDING & TRANSVERSE COLON
SHORT TERM STORAGE which HOLDS FECES before it is expelled
RECTUM
closed on each side by a MUSCLE SPHINCTER
ANUS
– Bacterial digestion
* Ferment carbohydrates
– Absorbs more water
– Concentrate wastes
LARGE INTESTINE
- Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role.
- Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
GLANDS
- Directly affects digestion by producing BILE
- filters out TOXINS and WASTE including drugs and alcohol and poisons.
LIVER
helps digest fat
BILE
- STORES BILE from the liver, releases it into the small intestine.
GALL BLADDER
Fatty diets can cause
GALLSTONES
- Produces digestive enzymes to digest FATS, CARBOHYDRATES and PROTEINS
- Regulates blood sugar by producing INSULIN
PANCREAS
