REFLEXES Flashcards
An automatic, involuntary response
REFLEX
- can be a RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS or to internal feedback
- necessary to survival
REFLEX
function of the reflex
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
the FUNCTIONAL UNIT of the nervous system
NEURON
Neurons and their components can be found in the
BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, PERIPHERAL TISSUES
- RELAY sensory and motor information from one tissue to another using ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS.
- Act as INTEGRATING CENTERS
NEURONS
3 main structures of a neuron
cell body (soma, perikaryon)
dendrites
axons
- Contains the components of a typical cell that conduct the normal processes of a living cell.
- Responds to messages FROM DENDRITES by processing information.
CELL BODY (soma, perikaryon)
- Extensions of the cell body that are RECEPTIVE TO STIMULI.
- Conducts messages TOWARDS CELL BODY.
DENDRITES
- A SINGLE EXTENSION of the cell body that transmits information from cell bodies to ‘other cells’.
- ‘Other cells’ respond to messages by continuing the conduction of the message or physically doing work (e.g. muscle contraction).
AXONS
TYPES OF NEURONS
SENSORY
MOTOR
INTERNEURONS
composed of the axons and dendrites of multiple neurons
NERVE
where is the nerve located
OUTSIDE OF THE CNS
conduct messages to and from the CNS
NERVES
Messages conducted TOWARDS the CNS are – pain, touch, temperature
SENSORY IN NATURE
Messages conducted AWAY from the CNS are – result in muscle contraction or gland secretion.
MOTOR IN NATURE
houses a number of the cell bodies of the nerves located in the peripheral tissues
SPINAL CORD
Acts as one of the INTEGRATING CENTERS for reflexes
SPINAL CORD
The spinal cord is housed within the vertebrate of the ________
VERTEBRALMCOLUMN
The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to
LUMBAR 2
regions of the spinal cord
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
Nerves attach to the spinal cord at two roots
ANTERIOR & DORSAL ROOTS
The actual anatomical and physiological basis behind a reflex is a
REFLEX ARC
The SIMPLEST of all nerve pathways
REFLEX ARC
The ROUTE messages or information travels through the nervous system
NERVE PATHWAY
a nerve pathway involves what types of neurons
SENSORY & MOTOR
a nerve or specialized tissue located at the end of a sensory neuron that is the FIRST STRUCTURE TO RESPOND to a stimulus
SENSORY RECEPTOR
may act as the sensory receptor
SENSORY NEURON
The TISSUE that responds to the message from the motor neuron
EFFECTOR ORGAN/TISSUE
COMPONENTS OF A REFLEX ARC
SENSRY RECEPTOR
SENSORY NEURON
SPINAL CORD / BRAIN TISSUE
MOTOR NEURON
EFFECTOR ORGAN/TISSUE
2 MAIN GROUPS OF REFLEXES
SOMATIC
AUTONOMIC / VISCERAL
The effector tissues of ________ are SMOOTH muscle, CARDIAC muscle and GLANDULAR
tissue.
AUTONOMIC REFLEXES
Both the _____ and _________ can act as integrating centers for AUTONOMIC REFLEXES
BRAIN & SPINAL CORD
_________ result in gastric juice secretion, mouth watering upon seeing/smelling/thinking about food, regulating blood pressure, adjusting heart rate to level of exercise, etc.
AUTONOMIC REFLEXES
The effector tissue of SOMATIC REFLEXES is _________
SKELETAL MUSCLE
You have ________ over all of your skeletal muscles
CONSCIOUS CONTROL
Stretching of muscle stimulates specialized sensory receptors located in THIGH MUSCLES called __________ to be stretched
MUSCLE SPINDLES
withdrawal reflex involves how many neurons
3
REMOVE a limb or body part form a PAINFUL STIMULUS
WITHDRAWAL REFLEX
response to a STRETCH REFLEX
KNEE EXTENSION
response to WITHDRAWAL REFLEX
KNEE FLEXION
Associated with a withdrawal reflex of the LOWER LIMBS
CROSSED-EXTENSOR REFLEX
PREVENTS FALLS by SHIFTING WEIGHT OF BODY to unaffected limb
CROSSED-EXTENSOR REFLEX
response to CROSSED-EXTENSOR REFLEX
KNEE EXTENSION
compression of spinal cord
SPINAL STENOSIS
Demyelination Muscular dystrophies
Spinal cord injuries
Closed head injuries
ABSENT REFLEXES
