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Anatomy > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 special senses of the somatic system?

A
  • Smell
  • Taste
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Balance
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2
Q

What are the 2 general senses of the somatic system?

A
  • Touch
  • Proprioception
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3
Q

What is olfaction?

A
  • An olfactory epithelium, which detects air-borne smells
  • Accessory olfactory system (vomeronasal organ) detects pheromones
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4
Q

What is the rhinarium?

A

Slits at the side of the dog’s nose, which allows air to be drawn to the olfactory epithelium to the nasal chambers by sniffing

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5
Q

What allows gustation?

A

Receptor cells called taste buds distributed over the tongue, epiglottis and soft palate

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6
Q

Can dogs and cats taste sweetness?

A
  • Dogs: Like it
  • Cats: Can’t taste it
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7
Q

Can dogs and cats taste salt?

A
  • Dogs: Can taste it
  • Cats: Less sensitive than dogs
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8
Q

Can dogs and cats taste bitterness?

A

Both are very sensitive

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9
Q

Can dogs and cats taste umami?

A

Both dogs and cats can taste

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10
Q

Why are cats attracted to acid?

A

They can taste amino acids which would be in their meat

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11
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the eye?

A
  • Eyeball
  • Extrinsic muscles
  • Eyelids
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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eyeball?

A
  • Sclera and cornea
  • Uvea
  • Retina
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13
Q

What is the sclera and cornea and what do they do?

A
  • Sclera is the tough fibrous outer covering (white): Maintains the shape and protects inner structure
  • Cornea is the transparent front part of the eye: Allows light through and focuses light onto the back of the eye
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14
Q

What is the limbus?

A

The junction between the sclera and the cornea

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15
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum of the posterior uvea and what does it do?

A

Specialised triangular area of choroid (pigment), which reflects light back to retina for low light levels (night vision)

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16
Q

What is the ciliary body of the anterior uvea?

A

Ciliary muscle which is linked to the lens by suspensory ligaments, which controls thickness of lens and focuses the power of the lens

17
Q

What is a lens?

A

A biconvex transparent disc

18
Q

What is the iris of the anterior uvea and what does it do?

A

An area that contains pigments and smooth muscle fibres to constrict and dilate the pupil in response to light sensitivity

19
Q

What do pupils do?

A

Allow light to reach the lens

20
Q

What are rod cells of the retina?

A
  • Cells that are very sensitive (single photon of light), which allows them to detect light and dark
  • Many rod cells connect to one bipolar cell
21
Q

What are cone cells of the retina?

A
  • Cells that are not sensitive to low light, which allows them to detect colour
  • One cone cells is connected to one bipolar cell, which give a sharper image
22
Q

What percentage of cone and rod cells do dogs and cats have?

A
  • 95% rods
  • 5% cones
23
Q

What colours do dog cone cells respond to?

A
  • Blue
  • Greeny yellow
24
Q

What are the 3 chambers of the central cavity of the eye?

A
  • Anterior chamber: contains aqueous humour
  • Posterior chamber: contains aqueous humour
  • Vitreous chamber: contains vitreous humour
25
Q

What is the conjunctivita of the eye?

A
  • A thin layer protective epithelium made up of bulbar and palpebral
  • Bulbar conjunctivita covers sclera
  • Palpebral conunctivita covers inner eyelids
26
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A
  • Outer
  • Middle
  • Inner
27
Q

What is the pinna of the outer ear and what does it do?

A

Elastic cartilage covered with skin, which funnels sound waves

28
Q

What is the ear canal?

A
  • Cartilage lined with ceruminous glands and hairs
  • Ear canal ends at ear drum which is called the tympanic membrane
29
Q

What is the tympanic membrane of the middle ear?

A

The ear drum which vibrates with sound waves

30
Q

What are auditory ossicles and what do they do?

A

Small bones which transmit vibrations caused by sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear

31
Q

What are the 3 parts of the inner ear?

A
  • Cochlea
  • Vestibule
  • Semicircular canals
32
Q

What is the cochlea of the inner ear and what does it do?

A
  • Snail shaped which contains the organ of corti, which detects sound
33
Q

What does the vestibule of the inner ear contain and what does it do?

A
  • Contains a gravity sensitive organ which allows static balance
34
Q

What are semicircular canals and what do they do?

A

Three loops containing fluid, which detect movement in different directions for dynamic balance

Anatomy (9 decks)

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