Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the chemical word equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + glucose –> ATP + carbon dioxide + water
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
- Nasal cavities
- Paranasal sinuses
- Pharynx
- Larynx
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
What are turbinate bones and what do they do?
Scroll-like bones covered in mucous membranes that slows, warms and moistens incoming air as well as trapping particles
What are the 4 things the larynx consists of?
- Epiglottis
- Larynx
- Tonsil
- Soft palate
What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
Flaps over the entrance to the trachea, which stops food entering
What is the trachea made up of?
C-shaped cartilage and ciliated epithelium
What is the bronchi made up of?
Ring-shaped cartilage
What are bronchioles made up of?
Muscle with no cartilage
What are alveoli?
Small air sacs that allow gas exhange
What is the function of alveoli?
- O2 is breathed in and diffuses out of the alveoli, into the capillary, into RBCs and then circulates around the body
- RBCs release CO2, which diffuses out the capillary, into the alveoli and back into the atmosphere
How many lobes are in the left lung?
3
How many lobes are in the right lung?
4
What is in the thoracic cavity?
- Pleurae which surrounds the lungs
- Pleural fluid which allows surface tension to hold the two pleurae together
What is the route of airflow?
- External nostrils
- Nasal chambers
- Internal nostrils
- Nasopharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
What are the 2 things that drive respiration?
- Diaphragm
- Intercoastal muscles
How is breathing controlled via a basic rhythm?
Respiratory centres in the hindbrain inhibit each other and generate a basic rhythm of respiration
How is breathing controlled by modification?
- Lung stretch receptors: stimulate expiration to prevent over inflation of lungs
- Irritant receptors: cause coughing and increase respiratory rate
- Chemoreceptors: detects O2, CO2 and pH in blood
- Cerebrum: voluntarily control breathing
- Hypothalamus: stress-response causing an increase in respiratory rate
What is tidal volume?
Amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest
