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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemical word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen + glucose –> ATP + carbon dioxide + water

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2
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A
  • Nasal cavities
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
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3
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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4
Q

What are turbinate bones and what do they do?

A

Scroll-like bones covered in mucous membranes that slows, warms and moistens incoming air as well as trapping particles

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5
Q

What are the 4 things the larynx consists of?

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Larynx
  • Tonsil
  • Soft palate
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6
Q

What is the epiglottis and what does it do?

A

Flaps over the entrance to the trachea, which stops food entering

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7
Q

What is the trachea made up of?

A

C-shaped cartilage and ciliated epithelium

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8
Q

What is the bronchi made up of?

A

Ring-shaped cartilage

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9
Q

What are bronchioles made up of?

A

Muscle with no cartilage

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10
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Small air sacs that allow gas exhange

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11
Q

What is the function of alveoli?

A
  • O2 is breathed in and diffuses out of the alveoli, into the capillary, into RBCs and then circulates around the body
  • RBCs release CO2, which diffuses out the capillary, into the alveoli and back into the atmosphere
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12
Q

How many lobes are in the left lung?

A

3

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13
Q

How many lobes are in the right lung?

A

4

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14
Q

What is in the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Pleurae which surrounds the lungs
  • Pleural fluid which allows surface tension to hold the two pleurae together
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15
Q

What is the route of airflow?

A
  • External nostrils
  • Nasal chambers
  • Internal nostrils
  • Nasopharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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16
Q

What are the 2 things that drive respiration?

A
  • Diaphragm
  • Intercoastal muscles
17
Q

How is breathing controlled via a basic rhythm?

A

Respiratory centres in the hindbrain inhibit each other and generate a basic rhythm of respiration

18
Q

How is breathing controlled by modification?

A
  • Lung stretch receptors: stimulate expiration to prevent over inflation of lungs
  • Irritant receptors: cause coughing and increase respiratory rate
  • Chemoreceptors: detects O2, CO2 and pH in blood
  • Cerebrum: voluntarily control breathing
  • Hypothalamus: stress-response causing an increase in respiratory rate
19
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest

Anatomy (9 decks)

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