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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

A
  • Heart
  • Circulatory system
  • Lymph, lymphatics and lymphoid organs
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2
Q

What does plasma contain?

A
  • Mineral salts: sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium
  • Plasma proteins: albumin, fibrinogen and clotting factors
  • Metabolic components: amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, waste products like urea
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3
Q

What do RBCs do?

A

Carry oxygen bound to haemoglobin around the body

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4
Q

What do WBCs do?

A

Defend the body against pathogens

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5
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Haemostasis

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6
Q

What does the heart contain?

A
  • 4 chambers: R atrium, L atrium, R ventricle, L ventricle
  • 4 major blood vessels
  • 4 valves
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7
Q

What are the 4 major blood vessels of the heart?

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Vena Cava
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8
Q

What are the atrioventricular heart valves and what do they do?

A
  • Right valve= tricuspid valve
  • Left valve= Bicuspid/Mitral valve
  • Allow blood to pass from the atria to ventricles with no back flow of blood
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9
Q

What are the semi-lunar heart valves and what do they do?

A
  • Pulmonic valve
  • Aortic valve
    -Prevent blood flowing back from arteries to ventricles
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10
Q

Where is ‘lub’ heard from?

A

Atrioventricular heart valves

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11
Q

Where is ‘dub’ heard from?

A

Semi-lunar heart valves

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12
Q

What is systole?

A

A period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, which causes ejection of blood from ventricles to the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

What is diastole?

A

Heart muscles relax and this allows ventricles to fill up with blood

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14
Q

What is the route of blood flow through the heart regarding deoxygenated blood from the body?

A
  • Cranial and caudal vena cava
  • Right atrium
  • Triscuspid valve
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Lungs
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15
Q

What is the route of blood flow through the heart regarding oxygenated blood form lungs?

A
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Left atrium
  • Bicuspid/mitral valve
  • Left ventricle
  • Aortic valve
  • Aorta
  • Body
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16
Q

Describe the cardiac conduction system?

A
  • Sinoatrial node generates an electrical impulse, which spreads through the atria causing it to contact
  • Atrioventricular nodes does not conduct an impulse but provides a door to ventricles
  • Impulse passes rapidly down the Bundle of His and purkinje fibres
  • Both ventricles contract together starting at the apex
17
Q

What is cardiac output and what is the equation?

A
  • Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
  • Heart rate x stroke volume
18
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood ejected at each pump

19
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues except the pulmonary artery

20
Q

What are arteries made up of and why is this beneficial?

A
  • Thick, elastic, muscular walls
  • Thickness: allows to cope with high blood pressure
  • Elastic: Allows dilation and constriction
  • Narrow lumen but can expand via lining folds
  • Do not have valves
  • Divide into arterioles
21
Q

What do arterioles do?

A

Regulate blood flow to capillary bed

22
Q

What do capillaries do?

A
  • Link arterioles to venules
  • Carry oxygenated blood, which becomes deoxygenated
23
Q

What are capillaries made up of and why is this beneficial?

A
  • Thin walls to allow diffusion
  • Slow blood flow to allow diffusion
  • Do not have valves
24
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart except the pulmonary vein

25
Q

What are the veins made up of and why is this beneficial?

A
  • Wide lumens with smooth lining: reduces resistance to flow
  • Low blood pressure
  • Have semi-lunar valves: prevent backflow of blood
26
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein and what does it do?

A

A vein that takes blood from the digestive tract to the liver for processing

27
Q

What is lymph formation?

A
  • Capillaries are leaky, so fluid leaks out becoming tissue fluid
  • Excess fluid drains away as lymph
28
Q

What does the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymphatics return lymph to blood and empties into cranial vena cava
29
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Nodes occuring at interval along lympatic vessels; enlarged during infection or tumours

30
Q

What are the 5 lymph nodes that are palpable?

A
  • Submadibular (neck)
  • Prescapular (scapula)
  • Axillary (behind forelimb)
  • Inguinal (front of hindlimb)
  • Popliteal (Back of hindlimb)
31
Q

What is the spleen and what does it do?

A

Tough capsule containing smooth musucle consisting of red pulp which removes old RBCs and white pulp which contain lymphocytes

Anatomy (9 decks)

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