Reproductive System

Question 1

What does the female reproductive system contain?

Answer 1

• Ovary
• Oviduct
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina and vestibule
• Vulva
• Mammary glands

Question 2

What are the functions of the ovary?

Answer 2

• Produce ova ready for fertilisation
• Secrete oestrogen to prepare the body for mating and to produce secondary sexual characteristics (mammary glands and coat)
• Secrete progesterone, which prepares the body for pregnancy

Question 3

Describe follicle development

Answer 3

Prior to oestrous, ovaries become mature follicles called Graafian follicles. Graafian follicles rupture to release ova and remaining follicles change and form corpus luteum, which secrete progesterone

Question 4

What is the oviduct and what does it do?

Answer 4

Funnel-like open end, which collects ova from ovary and conveys them to uterus and provides correct environment for ova and sperm

Question 5

What is the uterus and what does it do?

Answer 5

• Y-shaped horns and body, which provide suitable environment for developing embryo

Question 6

What is the endometrium?

Answer 6

Inner epithelial layer of the uterus

Question 7

What is the myometrium?

Answer 7

Middle layer of uterine wall

Question 8

What is the cervix and what does it do?

Answer 8

A muscular sphincter and a narrow cervical canal, which relaxes to allow passage of sperm or foetuses or blocked by mucoid plug during pregnanacy, which protects the foetuses

Question 9

What is the vagina?

Answer 9

Smooth muscle connects tract to outside and also contracts during mating to maintain a tie

Question 10

What is the vulva?

Answer 10

External genitalia

Question 11

What are mammary glands and what do they do?

Answer 11

Modified sweat glands; secretary tissue secretes milk

Question 12

How many mammary glands does the dog have?

Answer 12

4-5 pairs

Question 13

How many mammary glands does the cat have?

Answer 13

4 pairs

Question 14

What are the stages of the oestrous cycle in the bitch?

Answer 14

• Anoestrous
• Pro-oestrous
• Oestrous
• Metestrus
• Anoestrous

Question 15

What are the stages of the oestrous cycle in the queen?

Answer 15

• Anoestrous
• Oestrous
• Dioestrus
• Oestrous
• Dioestrus
• Oestrous
• Dioestrus
• Anoestrous

Question 16

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

Answer 16

• Scrotum
• Testis (epididymis and deferent duct)
• Penis
• Prostate

Question 17

What is the scrotum?

Answer 17

• Testes lie outside abdominal cavity

Question 18

What is the appropriate temperature for the production of sperm?

Answer 18

2-3 C degrees

Question 19

What is the functions of the testis?

Answer 19

• Spermatogenesis
• Testosterone production, which produces primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 20

Describe the structure of the testis

Answer 20

Tissue consisting of serminiferous tubules and wrapped in double layer peritoneum called the tunica vaginalis

Question 21

What are the seminifeous tubules?

Answer 21

Coiled tubes that contain sperm producing cells and sertoli cells

Question 22

What age does the testis descend in the dog and cat?

Answer 22

8-12 weeks

Question 23

What can cryptorchids cause?

Answer 23

Increases risk of cancer and decreases fertility

Question 24

What is the epididymis?

Answer 24

Serminiferous tubules combine to form the epididymis where sperm is stored and become motile

Question 25

What is the deferent duct?

Answer 25

A duct that leaves epididymis and sperm is propelled by peristalsis

Question 26

What does the prostate do?

Answer 26

• Increases volume of ejaculate, which makes easier transport of sperm
• Provide correct medium for sperm
• Neutralise acidity of urine and of female genital tract

Question 27

How many fractions of ejaculation does the dog produce?

Answer 27

3