Special Senses

Question 1

Each eye is surrounded by ________ fat.

Answer 1

periorbital

Question 2

The _______ nerve is on the posterior surface of the eye.

Answer 2

optic

Question 3

The eye consists of 3 tunics or layers. From outermost to innermost, these are…

Answer 3

1. sclera
2. choroid
3. retina

Question 4

In the front of the eye, observe the normally transparent ______.

Answer 4

cornea

Question 5

The dark _______ is on the edge of the cornea.

Answer 5

conjunctiva

Question 6

The nerve bundle projecting from the posterior of the eyeball

Answer 6

Optic nerve

Question 7

These have been cut short during the preparation of the eye dissection.

Answer 7

Extrinsic eye muscles (6)

Question 8

The white/gray outer layer of the eye (fibrous tunic)

Answer 8

sclera

Question 9

The clear, anterior portion of the fibrous tunic

Answer 9

Cornea

Question 10

The pigmented region under the cornea

Answer 10

Iris

Question 11

The hole between the iris.

Answer 11

Pupil

(More round in the human eye, more oblong in the cow eye)

Question 12

The thin epithelial/mucous membrane covering the surface of the eye and extending to line the inner eyelid.

Answer 12

Conjunctiva

Question 13

The thick fluid filling the posterior compartment.

Answer 13

Vitreous humor

Question 14

A solid oval of translucent tissue

Answer 14

Lens

Question 15

A ring of ridges around the outside of the iris’ margin.

Answer 15

Ciliary body

Question 16

A thin film of gray matter loosely attached to the inside posterior wall of the eyeball

Answer 16

Retina

Question 17

The pigmented region/tunic between the retina and sclera.

Answer 17

Choroid

Question 18

In some mammals but not in humans, an iridescent _____ can be seen in the choroid.

Answer 18

tapetum lucidum

Question 19

The oval opening in the iris

Answer 19

Pupil

Question 20

The ring of short _________ attached the lens to the ciliary body.

Answer 20

suspensory ligaments

Question 21

The sharpness of the visual image

Answer 21

Visual acuity

Question 22

Visual acuity is assessed using the…

Answer 22

Snellen eye chart

(Note the lowest row that can be read accurately)

Question 23

Abnormal curvature of the cornea

Answer 23

Astigmatism

Question 24

Astigmatism is assessed using the…

Answer 24

Astigmatism test chart

(Cover one eye and stare at the center of the chart. If all lines radiating appear to be straight and of equal darkness, no astigmatism is present.)

Question 25

The blind spot is usually the ________, a point where there are no photoreceptors in the retina.

Answer 25

optic disc

Question 26

The ability to adjust the focusing apparatus to account for changes in the distance from the viewed object.

Answer 26

Accommodation

Question 27

As we age, the ability of the lens to accommodate decreases, making it difficult to focus near vision. This condition is called…

Answer 27

presbyopia

Question 28

The medial movements of the eyes to focus on a near object

Answer 28

Convergence

Question 29

In humans, each eye sees a slightly different visual field, resulting in two-eyed vision.

Answer 29

Binocular vision

Question 30

The different visual fields are integrated in the visual cortex in the brain to provide us with ______.

Answer 30

depth perception

Question 31

The inability to distinguish certain colors.

Answer 31

Color blindness.

(The most common form is red-green color blindness.)

Question 32

The ear is divided into 3 areas:

Answer 32

1. external ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear

Question 33

The external ear has a cartilaginous flap, the ______, which collects sound waves and directs them into the middle ear, and ultimately the inner ear.

Answer 33

pinna (auricle)

Question 34

One of the most common infections in children. Inflammation and fluid exudate in the middle ear cavity which produces pressure and pain on the eardrum, and a reduction in movement of the ear ossicles.

Answer 34

Otitis media

Question 35

______ involved outer or middle ear defects. Sound waves are not transmitted to the inner ear where sound transduction occurs. Hearing aids can improve hearing because bone conduction transmits the sound into the inner ear.

Answer 35

Conduction deafness

Question 36

____ involves a defect or damage in the inner ear where sound transduction occurs or in the auditory nerve. It can be congenital or acquired and involves the organ of Corti or the cochlear nerve.

Answer 36

Sensorineural deafness

Question 37

Obtain 3 tuning forks and see which frequency was heard most clearly and comfortably

Answer 37

Frequency range of hearing

Question 38

A test for unilateral deafness, but can’t identify the type of hearing loss.

Answer 38

Weber Test

Question 39

If sound is louder in one ear, the ______ test needs to be performed to distinguish conduction vs. sensorineural deafness.

Answer 39

Rinne

Question 40

In a normal ear, air conduction is better than…

Answer 40

bone conduction

Question 41

If no sound is experienced, ______ may exist

Answer 41

nerve deafness

Question 42

If hearing is normal, the sound (from air conduction) will be heard again and will typically last twice as long as bone conduction

Answer 42

Positive Rinne Test

Question 43

If there is possible conductive impairment, the sound will not be heard

Answer 43

Negative Rinne Test

Question 44

For unilateral _________ deafness, the sound is heard loudest in the normal ear because the impaired ear is not effective at picking up sounds even if transmitted directly to bone

Answer 44

sensorineural

Question 45

You perform the Weber Test on a patient and they say the sound is louder in their left ear. You follow up with a Rinne test. In both ears, the Rinne test is positive. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 45

Sensory neural deafness in the right ear.