Special Populations: ADHD Flashcards
What is ADHD
neurologically based disorder that is diagnosed behaviorally
ADHD people will always have what piece?
intattention! can’t categorize it by hyperactive always but always can say they have inattention
ADHD is:
- behavioral
- inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
- symptoms must occur before age 12
- chronic
DSM 4
- symptoms before age 7
- great info for diagnosing children
- asd is an exclusionary criteria
DSM 5
- symptoms before age 12
- updating diagnosis info to include ability to diagnose adults
- asd is not a part of exclusionary criteria
3 types of ADHD
- combined presentation
- predominantly inattentive presentation
- predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
inattention
- a lot of things we do behaviorally affect our ability to attend
- a lot of these things require executive function
6 or more symptoms of inattention for kids up to age 16- five or more for 17+, symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and they are inappropriate for developmental level:
- fail to pay attend to detail
- difficulty holding attention to an activity
- appears not to listen
- doesn’t follow through on tasks
- difficulty organizing tasks
- chooses not to participate in tasks that demand mental effort
- loses things
- distracted
- forgetful
6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity for kids up to 16, (same as with inattention for ages)
- fidgets
- leaves seat
- runs about
- inability to stay quiet during activities
- continuously moving
- excessively talks
- blurts out answers
- impatient
- interrupts
Additional criteria for ADHD diagnosis
- before 12
- exhibit symptoms across multiple settings
- interferes w/ functioning
- not explained by other disorders
Language in children with ADHD
show overall language weakness
-probs in pragmatics
Approximately _____% of children w/ ADHD present with language impairment
45%
Higher level language in general: where you see adhd manifest itself-do first words on time but struggle with these areas
- finding mistakes
- judging how easily they understood-overestimate their ability so unaware of problems
- understand info in science texts-less memories
- understand cause-affect relationships-not overt
- inferencing
- story retelling-comes out jumbled/miss important parts
- clarifying
- using concise, specific vocabulary
So majority of ADHD kids don’t show a language problem
only 45% do
If you have probs w/ attention your _______ is also imapaired
memory!
-also problem solving is important to be able to talk about something out loud
Most likely to see problems w/ ______ in adhd kids
pragmatics; identifying facial expressions
-have a really hard time doing tasks and staying on topic
Treatment of ADHD
- nonpharmacological interventions (parent training and direct behavioral interventions)
- pharmalogical interventions
- multimodal
For ADHD, pharmalogical tend to have…
the best affect on changing symptoms
Kids w/ ASD that use pharm drugs tend to engage in
self injury more and sleep is affected
Direct Behavioral Interventions for ADHD
- token reinforcement
- response cost
- time out
- token economy
token reinforcement
half of kids when they did it right got a chip; you stay on task you get a chip
response cost
you don’t do it and we take away a chip
-teachers would rather do this one
token reinforcement and response cost showed:
equally as good
time out
when you remove them from whatever it is they want to do
token economy
you get chips for good things, taken away for bad, you get to trade it in for something good
ADHD symptoms associated w/ communication disabilities include:
- behavior
- expressive language
- written language
Behavioral symptoms in ADHD
task avoidance and off-task
Expressive language symptoms in ADHD
- abandoned problematic utterances
- tangential information
- excessive talkativeness
- shorter utterances
- inability to modify language to task
written language symptoms in adhd
incompetent monitoring and editing skills
general management strategies for ADHD
- consistent program structure and routine
- visual schedules
- clear, simple instructions
- motor activities
- consistent/immediate feedback
- positive reinforcement
- response cost procedures-punishing the bad things you don’t want
- intergrated behavior management program across settings
- short individual therapy sessions
behavioral interventions have been shown to be superior to simulant medications in treating symptoms of adhd (t/f)
false
which of following is true about behavioral interventions in adhd?
token reinforcement is about as effective as response cost reinforcement
you can have a diagnosis of adhd w/o having hyperactivity (t/f)
true
what percentage of children w/ adhd have language impairment?
45%
symptoms of adhd can interfere w/ speech-language treatment sessions
true
