SLI Flashcards
When talking about SLI, we’re talking about..
older kids
A language disorder that delays the mastery of language skills in children who have no hearing loss or other developmental delays.
SLI
Another name for SLI
developmental language disorder, language delay, or developmental dysphasia
SLI does NOT ______ with other disorders
coexist
Kids w/ SLI
- don’t say much
- have difficulty expressing selves
- doesn’t pay attention
- has difficulty understanding definitions
- has reading and writing problems
- problems w/ word tenses
Kids w/ SLI:
- late talkers-don’t produce words until 2
- difficult to understand
- difficulty learning new words
- MORPHO-SYNTACTIC ERRORS
- phonological problems-probs segmenting words w/ syllables, distinguishing phonemes
- difficulty reading and writing-due to phonological problems and speech perceptions
kids w/ sli have difficulty w/ incidental learning
have to be explicitly taught
MORPHOSYNTACTIC errors in SLI
using regular and irregular verbs is hallmark feature-sounds like baby talk
-why he like me, he eat cookie
To have SLI, child must have:
expressive language disorder and/or receptive language disorder
There are limitations in cognitive areas like _____ and _______ in kids w/ SLI
memory and attention
Kid w/ SLI might show problems with one thing and not the other
these kids do have problems w/ cognition (problem solving, comprehension, etc.)
-visual processing tasks
if kid doesn’t have problems with the across the board stuff that’s an
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Causes to SLI
we don’t know! brain differences but don’t know how it happened
- genetics
- environment
If you have SLI, you are more likely to have parents or siblings w/ probs
50-60% of these sli kids have a family member with the same disorder
Environment does influence manifestation
do speech therapy and improve outcomes!
Late talkers (not talking about sli kids)
in the typical range when you look at general language ability
Greater percentage of late talkers performed below age expectations
- general language
- speech
- syntax
- morphosyntax
- NOT vocab or semantics
Late talkers do not show problems in what 2 areas?
vocab or semantics!
Late talkers are late language emergents
by 2 yeas old just having language emerge
Can late talkers catch up to typical peers?
catch up but aren’t exactly like their peers
Late talkers fell within typical range but when you look at percentage of kids that fell within normal and below on subtest…found that:
kids who were late language talkers did perform below the normative expectations on the normal
- 20% fell below normal
- 11% typically fell below
- twice as many who were late talkers fell below normal*
- 7% of late talkers had speech problems vs. 2% typical
Are SLI same disorder or do they have same underlying cause?
don’t have same etiology/underpinning
-can coexist but own disorders
dyslexia
learning disability characterized w/ problems in word recognition and spelling
-doesn’t mean comprehension problem but if you have difficulty recognizing words, you might have dificulty comprehending tests
dyslexia is _______ in nature
phonological
-prob w/ phonology doesn’t match up w/ their other cognitive abilities-see uneven profile when look @ language as a whole
What is the part of phonology that is most linked to dyslexia?
phonological awareness!
- problems w/ the sound structure of language
- have hard time w/ rhyme, onset
Kids w/ SLI also have problems w/
reading and literacy
Kids diagnosed w/ both sli and dyslexia did _______ on phonological processing measures
worse!
if kid only had dyslexia
also did worse
-so dyslexia= worse
Who did the worst?
kids w/ SLI & dyslexia, along w/ kids only having dyslexia
Kids w/ only SLI
did better-did mildly worse than typically developing
Potential underlying causes to SLI
- sli and cognition-some cognitive skills suppressed but not all
- working memory: system used to store small amounts of info briefly while keeping it accessible for mental manipulation/transformation
- speed of processing
- procedural learning
what 3 areas of cognition are different w/ SLI kids?
- working memory
- speed of processing
- procedural learning
Leonard working memory
word and digital recall tasks as having child repeat words and then digits in order they were heard “dog, 1, shoe, 8, 2, apple”
woodcock-johnson working memory
short sentences to assess limitation in working memory that require sentence processing and concurrent word recall, short sentences introduced, true/false responses elicited following each sentence. these sentences tend to tap vocabulary and basic word knowledge-asked to recall last word
woodcock
get progressively harder
kids w/ sli did poor on
woodcock johnson-so working memory deficit in SLI
Most of us learn vocab in context
in order to get context, have to make sense of it by holding all the info in head-extract meaning while attaching to word
the speed of processing hypothesis that seeks to explain deficits in SLI, posits that children with SLI responsd slower than normally developing children AND in tasks w/ multiple steps the slowing in cumulative
TRUE
Children w/ SLI have been foudn NOT to be impaired in what?
reasoning!
late talkers and children w/ sli have diffiulty morphology and syntax
true
sli and dyslexia are not distinct disorders
false
a sli sometimes coexists w/ autism
false; no developmetnal delays
Speed of Processing
looking to see if it’s a language problem or speed of processing
Speed of processing hypothesis
children w/ sli respond slower on all types of tasks and its cummulative so each task was slow
-the more steps the slower the processing*
nonlinguistic task
looking at processing would be everytime you see the #5 on the screen hit the button
linguistic task
when they say sentence and either the picture matched or did not match- or strike a key when 2 words rhyme
speed of processing results
kids w/ sli responded more slowly across both conditions-also included a group of kids w/ non specific language impairment and those are kids who have deficits in verbal and nonverbal
-both linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli are processed slower in kids w/ SLI
declarative memory
memory bank-stores the conscious and recognizable facts and events-so the things that you learn (monkey is an animal that makes noise and climbs trees)
procedural learning
riding a bike, producing language because we repeat it over and over again
-important for syntax/grammar and we know that syntax/grammar is impaired in kids w/ SLI
procedural deficit hypothesis
some people believe that SLI is caused by a procedural deficit
-they thought it could have something to do w/ sequence-so if it’s sequence specific it’s more difficult to learn. for most of us, if we learn a sequence, the more frequently we practice the quicker we get
serial reaction time task-has sequence
so they had 48 kids w/ SLI-2 control groups: grammar kids were younger kids and age matched kids
- the kids w/ SLI perform the same as the grammar matched kids on the serial reaction time task.
- It was a motor seuence so it wasn’t linguistic. They performed worse than their chronological aged peers/age matched.
Motor procedural learning task
didn’t require a sequence- SLI performed like the age matched and they did better than the grammar matched
HSU’s hypothesis
supported that it was a procedural deficit
implicit learning of word sequence
SLI kids did poor on this
serial reaction compared to motor
seiral: sli kids performed the same as kids w/ same grammatical level but they did worse than their age matched/chronological
vs.
motor procedural tasks: sli age matched did better than sli grammar matched
