Special Pops Flashcards
_____: Organ that develops in the uterus and allows for oxygen and nutrients and removes waste from babies blood and allows for gas exchange.
Placenta
_____: Hollow muscle located in the female pelvis.
Uterus
_____: transition when a baby begins to breathe on its own.
Extrauine (Life outside the uterus)
3 Stages of Birth:
Dilation
Expulsion
Placenta / Afterbirth
_____: Life inside the Uterus
Intrauterine
When assessing a small child, when do you assess the painful area?
Last. If we assess the painful area first then we may not get to assess anywhere else after.
_____: Exaggerated thoracic convexity, often referred to as a “hunchback”.
Hard for PT to be immobilized.
Kyphosis
_____: Inward arch of the Lumbar spine. AKA “swayback”.
Lordosis
_____: Sideways/lateral curvature of the spine. Can affect any part of the spine but typically affects the Lumbar or Thoracis
Scoliosis
Most emotional medical problems in kids are caused by _____:
Neglect
Signs of Neglect: (7)
Malnutrition
Severe diaper rash
Diarrhea/dehydration
Hair loss
Untreated medical conditions
Inappropriate clothing
Behavioral signs
_____: A type of child abuse. Failure to provide essential needs such as food, clothing, shelter, or medical care.
Child Neglect
_____: When a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child.
Intentional physical or psychological harm to a child.
Child Abuse
_____ involves failing to meet a child’s basic needs.
Neglect
_____ includes physical and emotional harm.
Abuse
5 forms of child maltreatment.
Neglect
Physical Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Exploitation
Emotional Abuse
____: A parent, guardian, or person in charge of a child either deserts a child without any regard for the child’s physical health, safety or welfare and with the intention of wholly abandoning the child, or in some instances, fails to provide necessary care for a child living under their roof.
Child Abandonment
Gestational period for a pregnancy:
40 weeks form the first day of the woman’s last period.
Most common cause of Preterm Births in the US:
Maternal Narcotics Use
Any time a parent tells you there is something wrong with their child you must _____:
Believer the parent.
_____: Narrowing of blood vessels and tubular structures.
Narrowing or constriction of a passage or opening in the body. Can occur in various parts of the body, including Blood Vessels, Heart Valves & other tubular structures
Stenosis
_____: Involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of people through
force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit.
Involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act
Human Trafficking
_____: A form of human trafficking specifically focused on exploiting individuals for commercial sex acts.
Actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power, or trust, for sexual purposes, including, but not limited to, profiting monetarily, socially or politically from the sexual exploitation of another
Sexual Exploitation
_____: Condition during pregnancy when a woman’s GI tract moves slower than usual.
Peristalsis
_____: Main factor for newborns taking their first breath.
Hypoxia
True/False: Newborns being blue during delivery is normal.
True
_____: Preferred location for pulse assessment in newborn/infant.
Brachial - Dunafan
Auscultate the Apical Pulse - Book
_____: Preferred location for pulse assessment in infants (1mo - 1year).
Palpate the Brachial Pulse
What is the most common sensory change in the elderly?
What can that lead to?
Vision and Hearing.
More falls.
Pt on end stage renal disease or end stages of living receives _____:
Palliative Care.
*Comfort care only.
_____: Number of Times Pregnant
Gravida
_____: Number of Deliveries
Para
_____: Number of Abortions
Ab
_____: Only been pregnant once
Prima Gravida
If Gravida is greater than Para + Ab then she is _____.
Currently Pregnant
_____: Blue in the trunk of newborn, even after adequate breathing.
Centralized Cyanosis
Targeted SpO2 levels at Birth
1 min-
2 min-
3 min-
4 min-
5 min-
10 min-
1 minute: 60-65%
2 minutes: 65-70%
3 minutes: 70-75%
4 minutes: 75-80%
5 minutes: 80-85%
10 minutes: 85-95%
_____: Inflammation of the Epiglottis
Drooling, trouble swallowing - bacterial
Sick all of the sudden with a temp >102
Influenza B- Bacterial
Epiglottitis
_____- Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis / Laryngotracheitis or Laryngotracheobronchitis
Swelling of the trachea - viral
Barking Cough, stridor, bark like cough
Progressively sick temp <101
Influenza A
Croup
_____: is one of the most common joint issues that elderly people struggle with
Arthritis
If elderly patients are able to _____ they will be less likely to be disabled from arthritis.
Maintain muscle mass
If someone has a terminal disease & they’re on hospice care, usually the family will call for EMS because _____.
pain or a condition gotten worse
What age can females become pregnant?
Not at age, but can become pregnant any time after they start their menstrual cycle.
Can occur as early as 8-10; in 1800’s it was 14-16
_____ & _____: Most common causes of bradycardia in newborns.
Second cause is _____.
Hypoventilation & Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Most newborns/infants are _____ breathers.
Nose breathers.
Why may a geriatric patient not give you the entire story as to how they fell?
They are afraid of losing their independence.
Who is more likely to not call 911? Why?
Poor People (Poverty Stricken)
Worried about bill. Worried about stigma that comes with asking for help.
What OB patient might we want to avoid a field delivery? Why?
Scheduled C-Section or Previous/Multiple C-Section.
May end in uterine rupture.
_____: Painless contractions.
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Why do we wipe off, wrap up and keep dry Newborns?
They cannot regulate their own temp.
What is the normal HR for a person when they hit puberty? (11-12)
60-80/90
Normal HR Ranges:
Infants (0-12 months):
Toddlers (12-36 months):
Preschoolers (3-5 years):
School-Aged Children (6-12 years):
Adolescents (13-18 years):
Infant: 80-160
Toddler: 80 - 110
Preschoolers: 70-110
School-Aged: 65-110
Adolescents: 60-90
_____: Sudden onset of ripping/tearing sensation.
Dissecting Aneurysms
If abuse/neglect is suspected:
EMS is required by law to notify law enforcement.
Difference in first time deliveries and subsequent pregnancy/deliveries?
Subsequent deliveries alway happen faster.
APGAR:
Appearance:
Pulse Rate:
Grimace:
Activity:
Respirations:
APGAR:
Appearance:
2=
1=
0=
2=Completely Pink
1=Pink Body; Blue Extremities
0=Body and extremities blue or pale
APGAR:
Pulse Rate:
2=
1=
0=
2=>100
1=<100
0=Absent
APGAR:
Grimace:
2=
1=
0=
2=Cough, Sneeze or Cry
1=Grimace
0=No Response
APGAR:
Activity:
2=
1=
0=
2=Active Motion
1=Some Flexion of Extremities
0=Limp
APGAR:
Respiration:
2=
1=
0=
2=Strong Cry
1=Slow & Irregular
0=Absent
When is APGAR done?
1 minute and 5 minutes
Infants are prone to _____ & _____ due to higher body to weight ratio; limited glycogen/glucose levels; limited fat storage.
Hypothermia & Hyperthermia
“Sudden Onset” =
Acute
_____ = Acute Coronary Syndrome or Cardiac Dysrhythmias or Blockage of the heart
Heart Attack
You are called to a residence in a low income area of town. PT hasn’t been seen in a couple days / not responsive / has been eating more than normal / etc. what should we expect?
Hyperglycemia/DKA.
PT may not have been able to purchase insulin due to increased cost/economical.
Elevated BP during pregnancy, PT may develop _____.
Pre-Eclampsia (BP 140+)
_____ may be developed if PT is obese with normal BP (90-110)
Cardiomyopathy
What is the difference between Pre-Eclampsia and Cardiomyopathy?
Pre-Eclampsia is the only one that has high BP (140+)
What do we always do to newborns?
Dry and warm them
Fluid Bolus formula:
20ml/kg for infant or older
Fluid Bolus if only age is given:
(PT Age x 2) + 8 = approximate weight in kg
Then
20ml/kg
What condition is normal in 3rd trimester of pregnancy? Which may, in extreme cases, cause sepsis.
Constipation
All pregnant females should be placed on _____ if their SPO2 is reduced.
NRB @ 15LPM
If PT is on ventilator, warm to the touch, fluid retention in the lungs, suspect _____.
Pneumonia
If PT is on ventilator, cool to the touch, fluid retention on the lungs, suspect _____.
COPD
_____: Primary difference between COPD and Pneumonia.
Temperature
PT with high BP and Seizing, what do you treat first?
Seizing. It’s a high life threat.
If newborn appears healthy upon delivery but then becomes bradycardic, what do you check?
Airway and Temperature
Two most common causes of Newborn Bradycardia:
Airway and Temperature
What drug/dose do we give for seizing PT?
Mag Sulfate
How do we assess whether a child is about to crash?
Serial Vital Signs
How often do you take vitals on newborn? Do we wait for BP to drop?
Every 5 minutes. No
_____: Condition characterized by sudden episodes of severe shortness of
breath that occur at night, typically waking the patient from sleep.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
How to transport bariatric patients? What condition do we need to avoid?
Position the head and neck up to displace weight on the diaphragm.
Supine Hypotension (Same as for 3rd trimester pregnancy)
With a cardiac arrest PT in 3rd trimester, how do we position the PT?
Press on the fundus to move it off the vena cava.
Eclamptic PT gets what medication? If 1st med doesn’t work, then what?
Magnesium Sulfate.
Benzodiazepine - Lorazepam, Diazepam or Midazolam
Where do we put the Pulse Ox on newborns? Why?
Right Hand
The Bracioephalic Arterty is the first artery to branch off the Aorta and goes to the right side.
An infant after 10 minutes of birth should have an SpO2 of _____.
85-95%
_____ is a vital structure in fetal circulation that connects the Pulmonary Artery to the Aorta.
Ductus Arteriosus
Why might an elderly PT call 911/EMS when it’s not a real emergency?
They believe they well get seen quicker / faster admission if they go to the hospital via ambulance. Common public misconception.
Female PT that is giving birth; sudden onset of Low BP, cool/pale,clammy; looks like hemorrhagic shock, what should you expect? How do you treat them?
Suspect Uterine Rupture
Maintain radial pulse (80 systolic), fluid bolus, keep mom alive.
Pedi Epi Dose for Cardiac Arrest:
Epi 1:10,000 - .01mg/kg IV
What is the safest way transport pedi in ambulance?
In car seat
Any PT with pulmonary edema, older than 12 YO, consider _____.
CPAP; early and often
Prior to intubation or assisting a choking PT, have _____ ready.
Suction
With newborns, suction the _____ first.
Mouth.
Then nose.
_____: Viral infection, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Bronchiolitis
_____: Chronic inflammatory condition of the airways. Not Viral
Asthma
_____: Full medical name is laryngotracheobronchitis; viral infection of the upper airway.
Croup
SS of _____: Cloudy, foul smelling urine, bladder pain, frequent urination. Can lead to urosepsis.
Urinary Tract Infection.
Treatment of UTI: (3)
Large bore IV
Fluids and parentarel antibiotics
Prompt transport
30 drops/min = ___ ml/hr. (Using a 60 drop set)
30
20 ml/hr = ___ drops/min. (Using a 60 drop set)
20
_____: Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall
Abruptio Placentae
SS of _____: Bleeding; uterine contractions; fetal distress; PAIN; expected after trauma.
Abruptio Placentae
_____: Abnormal implantation of the placenta on the lower half of the uterine wall, covering the cervical opening.
Placenta Previa
SS of _____: painless bright red bleeding; soft uterus.
Placenta Previa
Difference between Abruptio Placentae & Placentae Previa:
Bleeding
_____: Can be concealed or apparent, often accompanied by pain.
_____: Painless, bright red vaginal bleeding.
Pain
_____: Sudden sharp, tearing pain, especially with central abruption.
_____: Typically painless.
Uterus
_____: Stiff, boardlike abdomen.
_____: Soft uterus.
Abruptio Placentae
Placentae Previa
Why do we not hyperventilate newborns?
Can cause too much intrathoracic pressure and decrease pre load.
How to immobilize pre-pubescent child?
Put pads under their shoulders.
If a dialysis PT collapses we need to know if they have been to treatment or not:
If yes - What’s wrong?
If no- What’s wrong?
If yes - Electrolyte depletion
If no - Fluid overload
_____: Refers to pregnancy loss at less than 20 weeks’ gestation in the absence of elective medical or surgical measures to terminate the pregnancy. The term “miscarriage” is synonymous and often is used with patients because the word “abortion” is associated with elective termination.
Spontaneous Miscarriage
_____: Voluntary abortion describes the interruption of pregnancy before viability at the request of the woman, but not for medical reasons. Most abortions done today are elective, and thus, it is one of the most frequently performed medical procedures.
Elected Abortion
If doing CPR on newborn and unable to get positive response from PPV BVM, then we need to _____.
Intubate
Fluid Bolus =
___ mL/kg over 1 month
___ mL/Kg under 1 month
20
10
SS of overmedication in PT taking new medication:
Wanting to sleep all the time.
_____: Situation where the umbilical cord is wrapped around the fetus’s neck. This can occur during
pregnancy, labor or delivery.
Nuchal Cord
3 things to do with newborn:
Dry, warm, suction (but also maybe don’t suction [but if you do suction, suction mouth first] because we got told somewhere that we don’t do that anymore?)
How to deal with nuchal cord?
Attempt to slip it over the neck.
If you can’t: Clamp 2” apart; make sure there’s no pulse between the clamps; cut.
If a newborn remains inactive/lethargic after drying/warming/stimulating then what do you check?
Blood sugar (should be at least 40)
Normal Sugar Levels:
Newborn:
Child:
Adult:
40
60
80
Complications with elderly pace makers:
Pace Makers become less effective; PT may become Brady.
_____: condition where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the brain due to blocked, deformed or absent drainage routes - a shunt if often surgically inserted.
Hydrocephalus
If a PT with Hydrocephalus is having seizures, what should we suspect?
The shunt may be blocked.
How to treat postpartum hemorrhage:
Perform fundus massage and have baby breastfeed.
If newborn is not responsive after drying/warming/stimulating and PPV BVM and sugar is good, what might the issue be?
Heart defect - Ductus Arteriosus
When newborn’s heart rate drops below ___, start CPR.
60 BPM
Are elderly PT more likely to suffer stroke or heart attack?
Heart Attack - Silent MI
Pt on side of the road, conscious, rocking back and forth, loud moaning noises, unable to respond to you – Appears withdrawn. What do you suspect?
Sign of Autism
How to manage PT that is already crowning:
Support the head, allow it to turn and assist mom with delivery.
If bagging a PT but there is insufficient chest rise and fall, what should you suspect?
Most common - insufficient seal
Make sure to have good C to E formation and head is positioned correctly.
_____: also known as absence seizures are brief episodes of staring or subtle body movement often seen in children.
Petit Mal Seizure
PT falls and hits their head and causes them to go into cardiac arrest, why?
Basilar skull fracture causes damage do the control of HR, RR and BP.
Epidural Head Bleeds caused by basilar skull fractures are almost always the cause of cardiac arrest in fall PT.
SS of _____: progressive muscle weakness in the legs and pelvis; ultimately affects the respiratory muscles and heart.
Most common form is Duchenne.
Muscle Dystrophy
How to manage perineum tear in PT after delivery:
Transport to hospital
How to manage unresponsive newborn who is unresponsive with dark green secretions:
Ventilate and Suction
Dark green = meconium aspirations
Clean ET tube in sterile water after every attempt
_____: An intentional act or failure to act that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult. An older adult is someone 60yrs or older. It often occurs at the hands of a caregiver or a person the elder trusts. The failure to meet an older adult’s basic needs
Elderly Abuse
_____: When a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child. Could include neglect, physical, sexual, exploitation and emotional.
Child Abuse
If nursing home PT who has feeding tube is fed while laying flat or not sitting up enough could develop ____ due to aspirating undigested stomach content.
Pneumonia
_____: Thick white membrane over baby’s head during delivery. How to deal with it.
Sign that amniotic sac is still intact. Gently tear it between two fingers.
How many ambulances do you need for a delivery of twins if 1 or more looks blue/cyanotic.
3: 1 for each twin and 1 for mom.
If you intubate a newborn and they become difficult to bag, what should you check for?
Pneumothorax
PT on ventilator or intubated with complications use DOPE:
Displaced Tube
Obstructed
Pneumo
Equipment
Child with drooling and good tone:
Epiglottitis
