Pharmocology/IV Med/Drug Calc Flashcards
_____ (drug) prolongs the repoloarization and blocks the potassium out of the cell.
Controls ventricles, VFIb/VTach
Amiodarone
_____ (drug) blocks sodium in and out of cell. (VFib/VTach)
Lidocaine
_____ blocks calcium from going in and out of cell.
Calcium channel blocker
_____ (drug) resets ventricles.
Magnesium sulfate
_____ or _____ = give Amiodarone or lidocaine.
VTach or VFib
_____ or _____ = give calcium channel blocker.
A Fib or A Flutter
What drug is the only one you can mix and carry as a kit?
Glucagon
1 Grain = ___ mg
15 Grains = ___ g
60 mg (google says 65)
1 g
Route for Glucagon:
Route for Glucose:
Glucagon: IM
Glucose: Oral
_____: give for low BP; related to shock.
Dopamine
Dopamine is a _____.
Vasodilator
Vasoconstrictor
Vasopressor
Vasopressor
_____: (Drug) Indications- Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, emesis, and muscle twitching.
Atropine
Narcotic OD:
Narcan
Prils
ACE inhibitor
Zems:
Calcium Blockers
Lols:
Beta blockers
If med control calls you and gives you an order you think is wrong, repeat order back to doctor, explain that they’re allergic, and he still says to give it, _____.
Don’t give drug
A “10 drop set” means every drop will equal ___ mL.
1/10th mL
Most of our drugs are eliminated/released through _____/_____.
Kidneys/Urine
Adenosine is a _____ IV push.
Rapid
_____ patients have a harder time responding to drug drive to liver/kidneys/renal system due to decreased function.
Geriatric
Number classification tells us in “FDA Classes: the _____ potential.
Abuse
Letter classification tells us in “FDA Classes” the _____ potential.
Treatment
_____ comes in a dark brown glass, which protects it from light.
Nitro
_____: type of opioid narcotic. Side effects: respiratory depression and bradycardia.
Meperidine
Fluid Bolus is ___ mL/kg for adults.
20
Fluid Bolus is ___ mL/kg for pedi.
10
Drug being sent dow at ET tube take how much longer than IV dose.
2-2.5 times longer
_____: medication combined with alcohol.
Elixir
In the Apothocary system, 1 grain = ___ mg.
60 mg
_____: calcium channel blockers that work on the AV node.
Cardizem
The number 1 side effect of albuterol is:
Tachycardia
What does Amyl Nitrate do in hydrogen cyanide poisoning?
Binds to hemoglobin.
_____: give amyl nitrate, which helps patient breathe. But does not reduce effects.
Hydrogen Cyanide Poisoning
_____: converts cyanide (in hydrogen cyanide poisoning) and breaks it down to be excreted by the kidneys, and reduces the effects.
Sodium thiosulfate
Opioids have what type of effects?
Psychological and physiological
Physical effect of opioids does what?
Binds to pain receptors and suppresses the CNS, depresses everything including respiratory causing hypoxia and bradycardia.
_____ is an agonist and works with opioid receptor to decrease the CNS.
Morphine
If a patient is working around chemicals (pesticides/herbicides) and have increased urine, salivation, pupil constriction….. aka organophosphate poisoning they need _____.
Atropine
Person is bradycardia they probably need some _____.
Atropine
_____: decreased effects more times given.
Tachyphylaxis
_____ makes the platelets less sticky in a cardiac issue type of event.
Aspirin
OD on medication side effects
_____ = (Valium, versed, xanax) - slows everything down.
Benzodiazepines
OD on medication side effects
_____ = speeds everything up.
Amphetamines
OD on medications side effects
_____ = slows things down.
(OxyContin), Hydrocodone (Vicodin, codeine, morphine)
Opioids
OD on medication side effects
_____ = Slows things down.
Amobarbital, Amytal, butabarbital, but idol, pentobarbital, Nembutal.
Barbiturates
_____ contain opioids/alcohol.
Cough suppressants
_____/_____ are vasodilators or smooth muscle relaxers. Cannot use with Nitro.
Cildenafil/Viagra
_____ : slows down HR and blocks the influx of calcium.
7 Esmolol
_____: two drugs mixed can kill me.
Synergism effect
_____ law: aka stretch law. Nitro will decrease preload/decrease stroke volume. If heart is not stretching and beating as much it will decrease O2 demand.
Starlings
Accidentally gave the wrong drug …. What side effects? Morphine- ____ & _____.
Respiratory depression & bradycardia
If a patient takes Valium all the time and the paramedic needs to administer Valium, they would have to increase or decrease the dosage due to _____.
Increase
Cross tolerance
Von Williams Classification of dysrythmias:
Class I:
Class II:
Class III:
Class IV:
Class V:
Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers (Caine)
Class II: Beta Blockers (Lol)
Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers (Amiodarone)
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers (Zem)
Class V: Miscellaneous (Adenosine)
Lidocaine fallers into which category of the Von Williams classification of dysrythmias?
Class 1B
Narcan is an agonist or antagonist to opioid receptors?
Antagonist
_____ converts angiotensin 1 to 2.
Renin
Angiotensin ___ will squeeze the vessels major cause of vasoconstriction (causes BP to increase)
2
Excessive widespread vasoconstriction will be treated with drugs that end in “_____”.
Peril
True or False:
Brand Name and Trade name are the same.
True
How do over the counter drugs become “over the counter”?
A prescription drug becomes normalized and understood by public and it changes to over the counter.
What drugs work on Beta 1?
Vasodilators
What drugs work on beta 2?
Bronchodilation
Furosemide is a _____ that decreases pressure.
Diuretic
What affect do barbiturates have on the CNS?
Depress/Slow it down
_____ means what’s an effective vs lethal dose.
The wider apart the number the _____ the drug.
Therapeutic Index
Safer
_____: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
NSAIDS
Anti-inflammatory drugs use when?
After surgery
Antipyretic
Fever
Which of the following is not an NSAID?
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Aspirin
_____ is when the drug starts to work.
Onset time
Benzos are more or less safe than barbiturates?
More safe
_____ are made in a lab, synthetic, plants or animals.
Drugs
Schedule 1 drugs: (3)
Heroin, LSD, Mescaline
Shedule 2 Drugs: (4)
Opium, Cocaine, Morphine, Oxy
Schedule 3 drugs: 1
Tylenol 3
Schedule 4 drugs: (4)
Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital, Benzo’s
Shedule 5 drugs: (1)
Limited amounts of opioids for cough or diarrhea
_____ has the shortest half life.
Adenosine
Adenosine should be pushed IV, IM, IN or Orally?
IV
_____ can end up hurting peptic ulcers.
NSAIDS
_____: how drugs are transported into and out of the body.
Pharmokinetics
_____: deals with the effects of drugs once they reach the target tissues.
Pharmacodynamics
What is a gelatin container?
Capsule
_____ is not a safe drug because it has a very narrow therapeutic index.
Digitalis
SLUDGEM
Salivation
Lacrimation (tearing)
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal
Emesis
Muscle Twitching
What drug to give for SLUDGEM?
Atropine
Alpha 1 effect of EPI:
Vasoconstriction
Beta 1 Effect of EPI:
Increased heart rate
Beta 2 effect of EPI:
Bronchodilation
_____ drugs will affect pregnancies by development of the fetus.
Teratogenic
_____ relieves the sensation of pain
Analgesic
_____ causes absence of all sensation
Anesthetic
Biggest side effect of viagra:
What drug can you not give if Px is taking viagra?
Vasodilation
Nitro
If a drug ends in “prill” it blocks _____ from moving to _____.
Angelo 1 to angeo2
If a drug ends in “prill” it is a/an _____.
ACE inhibitor
If it ends in “_____” it slows the heart rate.
lol
_____ refers to heart rate.
Chronotropic
Side effects of Atropine: (4)
Dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitation and sensitivity
_____ increases the risk of aspiration.
Vomiting/Emesis
_____ has the least amount of prehospital intervention needed.
Marijuana
Antidote for tricyclic antidepressants:
Sodium Bicarbonate
What should you do with an ampule after you have crushed it and are done gathering what’s inside it?
Sharps container
Biggest risk of OD on Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 6-8 hours after:
Hepatic Necrosis (liver failure)
One of the biggest factors for storing a drug:
Temperature
Most common drug administration metric unit?
Milligram, Microgram, gram?
Milligram (MG)
Amiodarone would fall into what antiarrythmic class?
Class 3 (potassium channel blockers)
What Schedule Drug?
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for research analysis; instruction only.
Heroin, LSD, Mescaline
Schedule 1
What schedule drug?
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; accepted medical indications.
Opium, morphine, codeine, oxycodone
Schedule 2
What schedule drug?
Less potential for abuse; may lead to moderate or low dependence or high psychological dependence; accepted medical indications.
Acetaminophen with Codeine
Schedule 3
What Schedule drug?
Low potential for abuse; Limited psychological and or physical dependence; accepted medical indications.
Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital
Schedule 4
A newborns metabolic rate is lower or higher than an adult?
Higher
_____: how drugs are transported into and out of body.
Pharmokinetics
_____: drug effects once they reach target tissues.
Pharmacodynamics
_____: binds to receptor site: cause it to initiate expected response.
Agonist
_____: bind to site; do not cause receptor to initiate expected response.
Antagonist
_____: stopping of bleeding.
Hemostasis
When two drugs that have the same effect cause response greater than sum of individual responses:
Synergism
When one drug effects/enhances effects of another drug:
Potentiation
When one drug effects the pharmacology of a different drug:
Interference
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Insomnia, anxiety, headaches, depression, hear disease, nausea, stroke, psychosis, confusion.
OD Side Effects of _____: Breathing difficulties, Seizure, chest pain/racing heart rate, chills/fever, no urine output, extreme agitation - (hostility/aggression/violence), paranoia, hallucinations/delusions
Amphetamines
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Mild euphoria, lessened anxiety, impaired memory/judgement/coordination, paranoia, irritability, and ideation.
OD Side Effects of _____: Altered LOC, difficulty thinking, drowsiness/coma, faulty judgment/coordination, shallow breathing, slow, slurred speech, lethargic.
Barbiturates
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Drowsiness, constipation, euphoria, N/V, slowed breathing.
OD Side Effects of _____: Cyanosis, unresponsive, pinpoint pupils, slow/irregular/agonal breathing, bradycardia, hypotension, cool, pale and clammy.
Opioids
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Drowsiness, confusion/memory loss, muscle weakness, loss of coordination.
OD Side Effects of ____: Extreme drowsiness or being unable to stay awake, Confusion and cognitive impairment, difficulty speaking, impaired coordination, blurred double vision, dilated pupils.
Benzodiazepines
Ca Channel Blockers Effect What Heart Rhythm?
HTN, Angina, Arrythmias
Na Channel Blockers effect what rhythm?
Ventricular arrhythmias, and SVT
NaK Channel Blockers effect what rhythm?
A-Fib, A-Tach
_____: The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect when it binds to its target receptor.
Efficacy
_____: Length of time a drug remains effective and produces its therapeutic effects in the body.
Duration of Action
_____: additive effect of two drugs with similar mechanisms of action , where their combined effect equals the sum of their individual effects.
Summation
_____: Combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Synergism
Nitro will _____ preload if heart is not stretching and pumping as much.
Decrease
DIURETICS: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload- Decrease
Stroke Volume- Decrease
Cardiac Output- Decrease
Nitrates: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Decrease
Stroke Volume: Decrease
Cardiac Output: Decrease
ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Decrease
Stroke Volume: Increase or stays the same
Cardiac Output: Increase or stays the same
Positive Inotropes: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Stays the same or Increases
Stroke Volume: Increases
Cardiac Output: Increases
Beta-Blockers: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Stays the same
Stroke Volume: Decreases
Cardiac Output: Decreases
IV Fluids: Increases or Decreases?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Increases
Stroke Volume: Increases
Cardiac Output: Increases
_____: The increases intensity of a drug’s effect after repeated doses, due to the drug accumulating in the body faster than it is metabolized or excreted.
Cumulative Effect
_____: When tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug with similar mechanism of action or pharmacological effect.
Cross-Tolerance
_____: An unusual or unexpected reaction to a drug that is not dose-dependent and does not occur in most individuals.
Idiosyncrasy
Generic name for Acetaminophen:
Tylenol
Generic name for Diazepam:
Valium
Generic name for Gluticasone Propionate:
Flonase
Generic name for Ibuprofen:
Motrin and Advil
Generic name for Lisinopril:
Prinivil and Zestril
Generic name for Ondansetron:
Zofran
Generic name for Promethazine:
Phenegran
Ratio of the toxic dose, _____. A higher therapeutic index means its _____. A low therapeutic index means its _____.
TD50/ED50
Safer
Toxic
_____ is the concentration in the bloodstream that produces desired effects.
Therapeutic level
_____ is when the drug reaches its maximum concentration in the bloodstream.
Peak Action
____ is the time it takes a drug to begin to have therapeutic effects.
Onset Action
_____ is the time a drug continues to produce therapeutic effect.
Duration Action
Atropine, Morphine and Digitalis are:
Plant, Animal or Sythetic?
Plant
Insulin and Oxytocin are:
Plant, Animal or Synthetic?
Animal
Lidocaine, Diazepam and Midazolam are:
Plant, Animal or Synthetic?
Synthetic
_____ mimic the effect.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Cholinergics
_____ block the effect.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Anticholinergics
_____ mimic the effect of sympathetic.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Andrengics
_____ block the effects of sympathetic.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Antiadrinergics
Most common loop diuretic we carry:
Furosemide
What three drugs will be affected if someone has had ED drugs previously?
Nitrates
Alpha Blockers
Antihypertensives
_____: medication that increases the force of contraction with the cardiac muscles.
Inotropic
_____: medication that affects the speed of the electrical conductivity throughout the heart.
Dromotropic
Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers (Caine) treats _____.
Ventricular and supraventricular arrythmias
Class II: Beta-Blockers treat _____.
tachyarrhythmias and prevent arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers treat _____.
atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers treat _____.
supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter.
Sodium Channel Blockers (ends in _____)
Caine
Beta Blockers (ends in _____)
Lol
Alpha 2 effects of Epi:
Vaso constriction of lungs
_____ slows things down and releases contractions.
Mag Sulfate
