Special Needs Children Flashcards
What are the 3 categories of impairment?
- Intellectual
- Physical
- Sensory
What is intellectual disability?
Below average level of intelligence or mental cognitive ability - down syndrome
What is learning disability?
Children can be normal intelligence but have difficulty in learning specific skills - Dyslexia, Austism, ADHD
Causes of intellectual impairment?
- Down syndrome
- Autism
- Dyslexia
- ADHD
- Emotional disorders
Features of down syndrome?
- Chromosomal disorder
- Susceptible to other disorders
- Large features
- Delayed exfoliation of primary teeth
- Congenitally absent teeth
- Hypoplastic teeth
- High susceptibility to perio disease
Management for down syndrome patients?
- Prevention - key
- Modify toothbrushing
- Access to child mouth difficult
What is autism?
Profound adaptive problems in thinking, language and social relationships
How may a patient with autism feel?
- Overwhelmed
- Routines and rituals
- Need familiarity
What can be used for communication in a child with autism?
Makaton
What is aspergers?
Similar to autism but have fewer problems with speaking and often above average intelligence
What is schizophrenia?
A mental health condition where they may see, hear or believe things that are not real
Signs of schizophrenia?
- Social withdraw
- Hostility
3.No personal hygiene - Trouble showing emotion
How to manage patients with disabilities?
- Prevention is key
- Treatment limited to patient toleration
- Don’t keep patient waiting
- Short appointments
- Take breaks from being in patients mouth
What can help patients with special needs cope with treatment?
Acclimatisation
What is cerebral palsy?
Damage to brain that affects movement and coordination (not progressive)
What is spina bifida?
Vertebrae overlying spinal cord poorly formed, remains unfused at birth
What is muscular dystrophy?
Group of muscle disease which present as a progressive atrophy and weakness of skeletal muscles with results in disability
What are some challenges for dental treatment in physically impaired children?
- Gag and cough reflexes
- Hypersensitive teeth
- Limited opening
- Manoeuvring wheelchair
Management for physically impaired patients?
- Prevention
- Operative intervention early
- Sedation or GA may be required
- Modification of toothbrush and routine
- Specialist surgeries
How to manage visually impaired patient?
- No more susceptible to oral problems
- Tell - Feel - Do
- Slow, reinforce stop signals and give reassurance
- Gain trust
- Sensitive to light
What can be used for plaque control?
- Electric toothbrush
- Modified handle
- Chlorhexidine on gauze
- Higher fluoride
- Diet advice
