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Module 5 exam > Disorders of Tooth Formation > Flashcards

Disorders of Tooth Formation Flashcards

1
Q

In what way can a tooth be affected by disorders in formation?

A
  1. Size
  2. Form
  3. Structure of tooth and its eruption
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2
Q

What may cause disorders of tooth formation?

A
  1. Genetically determined
  2. Local or systemic factors
  3. Both
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3
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

Failure of development

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4
Q

What teeth are most commonly affected by hypodontia?

A
  1. 8s
  2. 5s
  3. Upper 2s
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5
Q

What is anodontia?

A

Total lack of teeth

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6
Q

Treatment for hypodontia?

A
  1. Full or partial denture
  2. Implants
  3. Ortho treatment
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7
Q

What is commonly seen alongside hypodontia and what treatment is advised?

A

Small teeth + composite to mask mis - shaped teeth

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8
Q

What is hyperdontia?

A

Extra teeth

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9
Q

What is hyperdontia also known as?

A

Supernumerary

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10
Q

What is commonly seen in the permanent dentition when a disorder is present in the primary dentition?

A

The same disorder

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11
Q

Extra teeth in the anterior maxilla in the midline or adjacent to the midline is referred to as what?

A

Mesiodens

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12
Q

Extra teeth in molar regions are referred to as what?

A
  1. Paramolars
  2. Distomolars
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13
Q

What is extra teeth sometimes associated with?

A

Syndromes such as cleidocranial dysplasia

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14
Q

What is megadontia?

A

Teeth larger than usual

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15
Q

When is megadontia commonly seen?

A

In cases of pituitary gigantism

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16
Q

What is microdontia?

A

Teeth smaller than usual

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17
Q

What teeth are most commonly affected by microdontia?

A
  1. Maxillary lateral incisors
  2. Third molars
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18
Q

What is microdontia commonly associated with?

A

Various types of ectodermal dysplasia and down syndrome

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19
Q

Why might someone have smaller roots?

A
  1. Common in oriental background
  2. Irradiation of jaws
  3. Chemotherapy
  4. Ortho treatment
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20
Q

What origin are more likely to have larger roots?

A

African origin

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21
Q

What is gemination?

A

Double teeth

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22
Q

How does gemination happen?

A

Developmental separation of a single tooth germ to produce two separate teeth

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23
Q

What is the cause of gemination?

A

Cause unknown

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24
Q

What teeth are more commonly affected by gemination?

A

Anteriors and deciduous teeth

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25
Q

What is fusion?

A

Double teeth

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26
Q

How does fusion happen?

A

Union of two normally separated adjacent tooth germs

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27
Q

What causes fusion?

A

Cause unknown but possibly hereditary

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28
Q

How many canals are involved in fusion?

A

2 canals

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29
Q

How many canals are involved in gemination?

A

1 canal

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30
Q

What is concrescence?

A

The joining of two teeth in which one may be a supernumery by cementum

31
Q

What causes concrescence?

A

Thought to be trauma or crowding - root surfaces in close proximity

32
Q

What teeth are more commonly affected by concrescence?

A

Maxillary molars

33
Q

What is dilaceration?

A

Gross disruption of root formation

34
Q

What causes dilaceration?

A

Trauma to tooth germ during root development

35
Q

What happens to tooth if it has dilaceration?

A

Tooth forms at an angle

36
Q

What is the concern with dilaceration?

A

Can impede tooth eruption

37
Q

What is the treatment for tooth disorders within the primary dentition?

A

No treatment

38
Q

What is the treatment for tooth disorders within the permanent dentition?

A

Depends on
1. Space available
2. Morphology of pulp chambers and/or root canals
3. Degree of attachment between the two parts of the tooth

39
Q

What is an invaginated tooth/teeth?

A

Infolding on the palatal surface of the crown and lined with enamel

40
Q

How would you describe tooth tissue in invaginated teeth?

A

Normal tooth tissue but abnormal form

41
Q

What does dens in dente mean?

A

Tooth within a tooth

42
Q

How does invaginated teeth appear on radiograph?

A

Pear shaped mass of enamel in dentine surrounding a radiolucent area

43
Q

Are invaginated teeth common in primary teeth?

44
Q

What teeth are more likely to be invaginated?

A

Maxillary lateral incisors

45
Q

What is the treatment for invaginated teeth?

A
  1. Fissure seal soon after eruption
  2. Vitality test
  3. Endodontic treatment if pulp involvement
46
Q

What is an evaginated tooth/teeth?

A

Small tubercule on the occlusal surface of the premolar in the central part of the fissure pattern

47
Q

What commonly happens to evaginated teeth?

A

Fractures off or worn down by normal wear

48
Q

Treatment for evaginated teeth?

A
  1. Radiographs to assess for pulp horn involvement
  2. Fissure seal
  3. Removal of tubercule and sometimes pulpotomy
49
Q

What is a talon cusp?

A

Horn projection of the cingulum

50
Q

What teeth would you find a talon cusp?

A

Maxillary incisor teeth

51
Q

What treatment for talon cusp?

A
  1. Fissure seal
  2. Possible pulpotomy
    No treatment if no interference with occlusion
52
Q

What is taurodontism?

A

Bull teeth where the pulp chambers are enlarged vertically at the expense of the roots

53
Q

What teeth would you fine taurodontism?

A

Molar teeth

54
Q

What is amelogenesis?

A

Incomplete or defective formation of enamel

55
Q

How many types of amelogenesis are there?

A

12 - only 2 clinically

56
Q

What is hypoplasia?

A

Deficient enamel matrix

57
Q

What does hypoplasia look like?

A
  1. Thin enamel
  2. Grooved or pitted
  3. Glossy
  4. Hard and translucent
58
Q

What is hypomineralisation?

A

Defect in mineralisation of the enamel

59
Q

What does hypomineralisation look like?

A
  1. Normal thickness but soft
  2. Discoloured yellow/brown
  3. Opaque and chalky
  4. Prone to caries - weak
  5. Prone to chips - weak
60
Q

What are the 2 types of amelogenesis?

A
  1. Hypoplasia
  2. Hypomineralisation
61
Q

What is dentinogenesis?

A

Inherited disorder of dentine

62
Q

How to teeth appear with dentinogenesis?

A

Opalescent witha grey/brown colour

63
Q

How to the roots appear in primary molars with dentinogenesis?

A

Short roots and pulp canal obliteration

64
Q

What is congenital syphilis?

A

Caused by spriochaete treponema pallidum found in the dental follicle

65
Q

How is congenital syphilis transmitted?

A

Via the placenta

66
Q

What are the 3 specific anomalies related to congenital syphilis?

A
  1. Hutchinson’s incisors
  2. Mulberry molars
  3. Moon Molars
67
Q

How does Hutchinson’s incisors present?

A
  1. Affects upper central incisors
  2. Notch on incisal edge
  3. Mesio - distal narrowing of incisal portion of the crown
67
Q

How does mulberry molars present?

A
  1. Affects first permanent molars
  2. Occlusal surface is rough and pitted
  3. Compressed nodules instead of cusps
  4. Looks like a raspberry
68
Q

How does moon molars present?

A
  1. Affects first permanent molars
  2. Round or dome shaped
69
Q

What is an enamel pearl/ enameloma?

A

Small spherical enamel projection on a root surface

70
Q

How do enamel pearls happen?

A

Abnormal displacement of ameloblasts during tooth formation

71
Q

Where does the enamel pearl appear?

A

Attached the cementum near root bifurcation area

72
Q

On a radiograph what is an enamel pearl often mistaken for?

Module 5 exam (11 decks)

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