Childhood Diseases Flashcards
What is chickenpox caused by?
Varicella zoster virus
Who is chickenpox usually seen in?
Children
How contagious is chickenpox?
Highly contagious
What is the incubation time for chickenpox?
14-21 days
How does chickenpox spread?
Droplets and airborne route
Clinic features of chickenpox?
- Ulcers
- Rash
- Cervical lymphadenitis
- Fever
- Malaise
Recovery time for chickenpox?
2-3 weeks
What is a complication of chickenpox?
Shingles
Signs of Shingles?
- Pain
- Rash
- Mouth ulcers
Where do mouth ulcers present in shingles?
- Mandibular zoster
- Ipsilateral on buccal + lingual mucosa
- Maxillary zoster
- Ipsilateral on palate and vestibule
Treatment for shingles?
analgesics + aciclovir
What is primary herpetic gingivstomatitis?
Oral disease caused by initial infection with the herpes simplex virus
Symptoms of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
- Fever
- Malaise
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
What does primary herpetic gingivostomatatis look like?
- Painful, erythematous and swollen gingiva
- Tiny vesicles on perioral skin
- Vermillion border of the lips and oral mucosa
When does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis happen?
6 months - 6 years
What can primary herpetic gingivostomatitis be mistaken for?
Teething
How long does it take for lesions of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis to heal?
1 - 2 weeks
Complications of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
- Recurrent secondary infections
- Herpes labialis
- Intra oral ulceration
- Herpetic whitlow
- Eye infection
What is hand, foot and mouth disease caused by?
Coxackie virus
How does hand, foot and mouth occur?
Epidemics in children under 5
Symptoms of hand, foot and mouth?
- Oral lesions anywhere in mouth - painful
- Macules and papules on feet, toes, hands and fingers
How long does it take for lesions of hand, foot and mouth to heal?
Within 2 weeks
What causes mumps?
Viral infection of the salivary glands - mumps virus
What is the incubation time for mumps?
14 - 21 days
Symptoms of mumps?
- Painful swelling
- Bilateral swelling of parotid gland
How contagious is measles?
Highly
Symptoms of measles?
Systemic and skin rash
What is the incubation period of measles?
10 - 14 days
Signs of measles?
- Kopliks spots
- Red macules with white necrotic centres
- May occur in oral cavity
How contagious is rubella?
Highly
How is rubella spread?
Droplet infection
What is the incubation time for rubella?
14 - 21 days
Symptoms of rubella?
- Rash on face and behind ears
- Mild fever
- Sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes
What can rubella do to foetus?
Seriously damage or kill foetus
What causes herpangina?
Coxsackie virus
What does herpangina look like?
Vesicles appearing on soft palate
Symptoms of herpangina?
- Fever
- Malaise
- Sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
How long for herpangina to resolve?
Within a week
What illness can childhood diseases lead to?
Febrile illness
What can febrile illness lead to?
Enamel hypoplasia
What is enamel hypoplasia?
Incomplete or defective formation of enamel
What does enamel hypoplasia look like?
Alteration of tooth form or colour
What causes enamel hypoplasia?
Disturbance or damage to the ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation
What is one of the most sensitive cell groups in the body?
Ameoloblasts
What part of tooth is affected at the time of illness?
The crown
