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Special Needs Flashcards

1
Q

What is ADPIED

A 
Assess
Dental Hygiene Diagnosis
Plan Care
Implement
Evaluate
Document
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2
Q

Assess…

A

from the waiting room to your chair..data collection

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3
Q

Dental hygiene Diagnosis…

A

Based on your findings.. identify the problems

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4
Q

Plan Care…

A

What do they need clinically, patient education… select interventions

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5
Q

Implement…

A

What procedures are needed?…activate the plan

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6
Q

Evaluate…

A

How did our plan of care work? Feedback on effectiveness

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7
Q

Document…

A

Comprehensive record keeping

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8
Q

Normal Vital signs

A

Resp: 12-20
Pulse: 60-100
BP: 120/80
Temp: 98.7

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9
Q

ASA 1

A

normal, healthy pt, no issue walking up stairs and no anxiety

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10
Q

ASA II

A

Mild systemic disease

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11
Q

ASA III

A

severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitting

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12
Q

ASA IV

A

a patient with incapacitating systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

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13
Q

ASA V

A

patient is not expected to survive 24 hours with or without care

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14
Q

What kind of fluoride treatment is suggested for pregnant patient

A

Daily fluoride rinses NOT systemic supplements

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15
Q

If a pregnant patient is having hypotension, what do you do?

A

Turn them to the LEFT side, put a pillow under the right hip

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16
Q

What medications can help quit smoking?

A

Buproprion(zyban)

Chantix

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17
Q

What medication should you avoid when treating an alcoholic

A

Acetaminophen (to protect the liver)

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18
Q

What are common oral findings of a patient with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

U-shaped or cleft palate, gingivitis, abnormal tooth eruption pattern, tooth malformation

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19
Q

What is an identification of a heroine addict

A

pinpoint pupils (opioid)

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20
Q

What is used to treat withdrawl and dependence of heroine

A

Methadone

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21
Q

What is Narcan

A

An opiod antagonist, reverses effects

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22
Q

What is used to reverse the effects of heroine/any opiod

A

Narcan

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23
Q

What is an identification of a cocaine user

A

Dilated pupils (stimulant)

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24
Q

What should you avoid using if you notice a patient may use cocaine or some sort of stimulant?

A

Epinephrine

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25
Q

What kind of drug is Methamphetimine

A

CNS stimulant

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26
Q

If a patient comes in and confesses to using meth what should you do?

A

Delay treatment for 24 hours after use

Do NOT use epinephrine

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27
Q

What is the most common medication used for asthma

A

albuterol

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28
Q

What are common side effects of albuterol

A

Xerostomia, Candida infections, Increased Caries

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29
Q

What to avoid with a patient with asthma?

A 
Air Polisher
Ultrasonic
Aspirin
NSAIDS
Epinephrine
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30
Q

What is COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease… two or more disease processes (Bronchitis, Emphysema)

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31
Q

Signs/Symptoms of COPD

A 
Dyspnea
Wheezing
CHRONIC cough
Chest pain
Increased respiration rate
CHRONIC airway obstruction
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32
Q

Contraindications for patients with COPD

A

Air Polisher and Ultrasonic
Rubber Dam use
Avoid Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation

33
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes
thick, heavy mucus and phlegm
“smokers’ cough”
(more prevalent in women)
“Blue Bloater” (severe dyspnea, coughing)

34
Q

What is Emphysema

A

“Pink puffer” “Barrel chest”
Overinflation of alveoli/air sacs
CHRONIC productive coughing
Seen in older men

35
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis

A

An exocrine gland disorder (genetic)

Glands over secrete- saliva, tears, sweat is thick & sticky

36
Q

What is Tuberculosis

A

Bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, DO NOT TREAT THIS PATIENT IF IT IS ACTIVE

37
Q

How is Tuberculosis transmitted

A

by droplets, ingestion, coughing, sneezing contaminated dust

38
Q

Contraindications for patients with Cardia Arrhythmias

A

NO EPIEPHRINE

avoid ultrasonic if pacemaker

39
Q

What is Cardiac Arrythmias

A

irregular heartbeat leading to inadequate blood flow

40
Q

What is congenital heart disease

A

anomalies of heart structure that was developed in utero

*consult physician, probaby premed

41
Q

What is coronary heart disease

A

plaque builds up in the coronary arteries
AKA Ischemic Heart Disease
*premed

42
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of congenital heart disease

A

Cyanosis

Clubbing of toes and fingers

43
Q

What is Angina Pectoris

A

Transient and reversible oxygen deficiency-can be stable or untable

44
Q

Signs/symptoms of angina pectoris

A

CRUSHING pain or pressure of chest
Squeezing pain radiating to shoulders, arms or mandible
Sweating, anxiety, pallor, difficulty breathing

45
Q

Dental considerations for angina pectoris***

A

have nitroglycerin available on tray (relaxes vascular smooth muscles)

46
Q

What is myocardial infarction

A

sudden reduction or arrest of blood flow to the heart

47
Q

Signs/symptoms of myocardial infarction

A

**nausea, vomiting, palpitations and decreased blood pressure
along with symptoms of angina

48
Q

Dental considerations for myocardial infarction

A

Contraindicate treatment if has had a recent attack, wait 3-6 months

49
Q

What is congestive heart failure

A

Heart is unable to pump adequately in delivering oxygen rich blood to the body

50
Q

Dental considerations for congestive heart failure

A

patient may not be able to lay supine
Use epinephrine with caution if client is on digitalis
Pt generally exhibits shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen ankles

51
Q

What is the silent killer

A

Hypertension

52
Q

What is Prehypertension

A

120-129/<80

53
Q

What is Stage 1 hypertension

A

130-139/80-89

54
Q

What is Stage 2 hypertension

A

140/90 or higher

55
Q

What is a hypertensive emergency

A

180/120 or higher

56
Q

What are signs/symptoms of hypertension

A

since it is the “silent killer” it is generally asymptomatic

57
Q

What are contraindications for those with hypertension

A

Drugs with vasoconstrictors

Sodium in air polishing

58
Q

Dental considerations for those with hypertension

A

monitor vital signs
slowly raise hair
**limit epinephrine
**Nitrous oxide/oxygen recommended

59
Q

What is Cerebrovascular Disease?

A

Stroke

60
Q

What is a primary dental consideration for a pt with a stroke

A

do not treat for 6 months after the stroke

61
Q

What ages does parkinson’s disease usually develop

A

40-60 years, higher incidence in males

62
Q

What is the most common drug prescribed for ADHD

A

ritalin

63
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy

A

unilateral weakness or paralysis of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) inability to control facial muscles

64
Q

What depression meds may have an epinephrine interaction

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

65
Q

What is the maximum dose of epinephrine for an uncontrolled diabetic

A

.04mg

66
Q

What is hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

67
Q

What is the transmission route for type A and E hepatitis

A

Fecal-oral route (A has a vaccine E does not have a vaccine)

68
Q

What is the transmission route for type B hepatitis

A

Blood/body fluids, sexual contact (can get a vaccine)

69
Q

What is the transmission route for type C hepatitis

A

Blood/body fluids, sexual contact (NO VACCINE, usually asymptomatic)

70
Q

What is the transmission route for type D hepatitis

A

Blood/body fluids, sexual contact (Hep V Vaccine..must have hep B to get hep D)

71
Q

What is renal failure

A

Kidney has failed to perform adequately

72
Q

When is the best time to schedule a patient with renal faiure

A

After dialysis

73
Q

What is Addison’s disease

A

insufficient steroid production by adrenal glands (ADDisons -> ADD-steroids)

74
Q

what is treatment for hypothyroidism

A

synthroid-hormone replacement therapy

75
Q

Possible effects of hyperthyroidism

A

tachycardia, protruded eyes, accelerated toot DO NOT USE EPINEPHRINE

76
Q

what is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis-age related, progressive cartilage degeneration/loss of joint cushioning
Rheumatoid: Chronic autoimmune condition

77
Q

What is Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A

Bluish discoloration of primarily the fingers and toes.. cold temperatures or stress (seen in systemic sclerosis–porcelain doll appearance)

78
Q

What is Reyes Syndrome?

A

Neurological disorder affecting the liver and brain, associated with aspirin use in children

79
Q

What is Myasthenia

A

Autoimmune-Neromuscular disorder characterized by extreme muscle weakness

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