Periodontology Flashcards
***What kind of tissue is gingiva
keratinized
what is inflammation of the tissue
gingivitis
***What kind of gingivitis is MOST gingivitis
chronic-plaque-associated gingivitis
What are the 5 ardinal signs of acute inflammation
Redness (erythema) Pain (dolar) Heat (calor) Swelling (tumor) Loss of function (functio laesa)
What are the descriptions of gingivitis
Extent Distribution Color Contour Testure
what gingival condition has a “life saver” appearance
festooned
What is edema
glossy surface due to fluid infiltration (hallmark sign of acute inflammation)
What is Fibrosis
Surface tissue is highly stippled due to increase in cellular and fibrous components, may present with pallor (hallmark sign of chronic inflammation)
What is the MOST obvious result of vasodilation of the peripheral circulation
EDEMA (accumulation and retention of plaque causing swelling)
What are the main functions of the PDL (5 points)
attach teeth to bone
resists impact of occlusal forces
shock absorber for nerves/vessels
supplies nutrients to periodontal structures
transmits touch, pain and pressure sensation
***What are Sharpey’s fibers
collagenous fiber bundles that attach cementum and bone
***What are the largest and most significant fiber group that extends from cementum CORONALLY to bone
Oblique fibers
***What do oblique fibers do
withstands masticatory stress in a vertical direction
***Where are intrradicular fibers found
ONLY in mult-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in areas of furcation
What is cementum
the calcified or mineralized tissue layer covering the root of the tooth
Where is cementum the thicketst
at the apex of the root and between the roots of multi rooted teeth
where is cementum the thinnest
at the CEJ
What is the difference between cementum and bone
there is no blood or blood supply in cementum
what is the main function of cementum
to provide attachment to the collagen fibers present in the PDL
What is a suprabony defect
base of pocket is coronal to the alveolar bone; a pocket without bone loss but enlarged tissues
What is an Intrabony defect
the base of the pocket is apical to crest of the alveolar bone; bone loss
What do pregnancy-associated gingivitis and pyogenic granulomas result from (3 points)
progesterone (hormone that causes vascular inflammation)
Prevotella intermedia
Camphylobacter rectus
Is vitamin C and protein essential to the periodontium?s
yes
what is idiopathic
no treatment for- the etiology is not well understood
What is a recurrent apthus stomatitis
common, erythematous halo, yellow or grey floor, does NOT appear infections, contagious or sexually transmitted and is uncommon on keratinized mucosa
What is the downward or apical migration of the junctional epithelium
bone loss
what is the loss of connective tissue attachment
bone loss
What is slight periodontal involvement
1-2 mm of CAL
what is moderate periodontal involvement
3-4 mm CAL
what is severe periodontal involvement
> 5 mm CAL
what is localized perio involvement
<30% of sites are involved
what is generalized perio involvement
> 30% of sites are involved
What kind of periodontitis is generally genetic
aggressive periodontitis
***What is the most common site effected by aggressive periodontitis
the maxillary first molar
***What are the most common pathogens involved in aggressive periodontitis
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis
***What is neutropenia
a deficiency of neutrophils or polymorphonuclear cells
What is the first cell to arrive at the site of inflammation
neutrophils (polymorphonucleocyte or PMN)
What are the most common neutrophil defects or disorders
cyclic neutropenia and Chediak-higashi syndrome
***Is there any evidence for an association between periodontal inflammation and multiple sclerosis
yes- periodontal therapy may positively impact MS
what is the difference between NUP and NUG
patients with NUP demonstrate loss of clinical attachment and alveolar bone at affected sites
what antibiotic is often warranted for necrotizing periodontal diseases (NUP, NUG)
tetracycline because it concentrates in the gingival crevicular fluid and has anti-collagenase properties
what are common clinical findings of NUP/NUG
punched out papilla psuedomembrane fetid odor pain severe inflammation
what is a parulis
a gingival abscess or gum boil characteristically found at the opening of a fistula tract of a periapical infection
