Oral Pathology Flashcards
Herpangina
- Vesicles or ulcers of posterior oral cavity or soft palate
- flu-like symptoms
**What is physiologic pigmentation
varies with dark skinned individuals
(recognize pic for boards)
Ankyloglossia
- Tongue tie
- short, thick lingual frenum
- more common in males
Cementoma
- Mixed radio-opaque/lucent lesions on the apex of vital teeth-generally mandibular anterior
***Ranula
- Mucocele of the floor of the mouth
- usually associated with sublingual gland
- Floor of the mouth swelling
Nasolabial cyst/ Nasolacrimal cyst
- Located over the maxillary canine region
- May lift ala of the nose
Geographic tongue
- Areas of arythema/atrophy of filiform papillae, surrounded by raised, white border
Herpetic whitlow
Recrrent and painful HSV infection of the fingers
What is Dilaceration
exaggerated curve or bend in a tooth, root or crown
What is external Resorption
- resorption of the teeth externaly
- unknown etiology
- generally caused by braces
Fissured tongue
- fissures and grooves on dorsal tongue surface
- common in down syndrome clients
Sialolithiasis
- Calcification within gland or duct
- Wharton’s (submandibular) duct most common site
What is the most common form of microdontia
“peg lateral” maxillary lateral incisor
What is Erythematous candidiasis
form of thrush that appears reddened, associated with HIV/AIDS clients
Lupus erythematosis-Chronic discoid
- Autoimmune disorder with periods of remission
- Mucosa and skin ulcerations
- *Butterfly rash* found on the face
What is Dentinogensis Imperfecta
Inherited dentin disorder. Teeth are discolored-opalescent
***Pyogenic Granuloma
- “Pregnancy tumor” - hormonal influenced, especially during pregnancy
What is Dens in Dente
Tooth within a tooth
generally the maxillary lateral incisor; accentuation of the lingual pit
What is a melanotic macule
a flat, brown freckle found intraorally or on the lip.
asymptomatic, no treatment required
What is Turner’s tooth
hypocalcified permanent tooth; enamel is inhibited possibly due to trauma affecting crown development
What are Hutchinson’s incisors
type of hypoplasia caused by syphilis
Peripheral giant cell granuloma
- Giant cells present - multinucleated
- looks similar to a pyogentic granuloma, but larger
Sjögren syndrome
- Autoimmune disease causing xerostomia and dry eyes
- may lose papillae
- Painful
Hemangioma
- Developmental vascular leasion
- generally found on tongue and more common in females
Gingival Hyperplasia
- Increase in number of cells present causing inflammation
- Treatment-gingivectomy, OHI
- generally a side effect of a medication
- Phenytoin, Calcium Channel Blockers, Cyclosporine..
Traumatic ulcer
**make sure to be able to differentiate between this and apthus ulcer**
- Caused by trauma-biting, vigorous brushing, eathing hard pointed chips
- painful
- 7-14 day healing time
Dysplasia
- Premalignant lessions
- Possible premalignancy to Squamous cell carcinoma
**Kaposi’s sarcoma
- **Common in HIV infected clients**
- Neoplastic leason
- multiple bluish-purple and white macules and plaques
- rapidly growing tumor
Hairy tongue
- elongation of the filiform papillae
- heavy smoking, antibiotic therapy, poor oral hygiene
What is the most common supernumerary teeth?
- mesiodens 2. maxilarry molar area (a fourth molar)
What is extrinsic stain
stain caused by environmental factors; wine, tobacco, grape juice
What is an amalgam tattoo
- Gray, blue-black, flat lesion
- amalgam particles embedded in soft tissue
What is internal resorption
generally from a pulp injury, pulp may show through enamel and tooth may appear pink
Actinic Keratosis
- Precancerous skin lesion that may lead to squamous cell carcinoma
- irregularly shaped and scaly plaque
- sun exposure is a factor
***Pleomorphic adenoma/Mixed tumor
- Most common tumor of the salivary glands-benign
- Parotid gland most common location
- Painless
Radicular cyst/ Pariapical cyst
- Found at apices of necrotic tooth
- Tooth extraction or endodontic treatment
~Residual cyst-remnant of redicuar cyst
What is gemination
- two teeth have developed from a single root
- teeth in the arch are normal count
Aphthous ulcer
**Make sure to beable to differentiate between this and traumatic ulcer**
- Recurring and painful, well-circumscribed with erythematous halo
- located on unattached mucosa
- stress, acidic or trauma induced
- incidence in smokers
Condensing osteitis
- Radiopaque lesion at the apex of inflamed or necrotic teeth
Herpes simplex virus-2: HSV-2
- genital herpes
(sorry not looking up a picture for this one..use your imagination lol)
Macroglossia
- enlarged tongue
- excess growth hormone
- common in down syndrome
What is addison’s disease
- freckles on buccal mucosa, gingiva, tngue and lips
- petechia also on palate
What is Taurodontism
“bull tooth” enlarged body of tooth with smaller root portion.. enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of pulpal floor, lack of constriction at the cEJ. Commonly seen in Down Syndrome clients
Paget’s disease
(Osteitis deformans)
- Bones are malformed- larger and thicker
- “Cotton-wool” radiopacities
- High risk for osteosarcanoma
ameloblastoma
- Usually multilocular radiolucency -soap bubble or honey combed radiolucency-
- generally posterior mandible
- high recurrence rate
Psuedomembranous
- white plaques that WIPE OFF
Varicosities/Varix/Varices
- Dilated superficial feins
- Prominent on ventral tongue
What is Concrescence
teeth are joined at cementum
(generally second and third molars)
What is fusion
two teeth are joined during development resulting in one large tooth
tooth count is one less than normal
Candida albicans
- most common fungal infection
- can present with burning
Mumps
- Virus transmitted through saliva or respiratory secretions
- Bilateral parotid enlargement
- Flu-like symptoms
Green Staining
more serious in children; may be caused by hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic disease, marijuana use
could become intrinsic over time
Lichen Planus
- Skin disease that may appear as fine lace-like white lines (reticular)-Wickam’s striae or red ulcerations (erosive)
Globulomaxillary Cyst
- Found between maxillary lateral and canine incisors
What is a Diastema
Space between two adjacent teeth
Chronic Hyerplastic Pulpitis/ Pulp polyp
- Inflammed pulp tissue within a tooth that is severely decayed or has a large open carious lesion
- painless
***Fibroma
- Most common tumor of oral cavity
- Hyperplastic tissue in response to irritation
**Odontoma**
- Most common bone conditionn, usually benign
- Primarily enamel and dentin tissue
- Resembles teeth
***Be prepared for a case study***
What is Oligodontia
congenitally missing 6 or more teeth
Epulis fissuratum
- Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
- Fibroma around denture flange, caused by ill-fitting denture
What is intrinsic stain
dentin is darkened; generally caused from enlarged pulp chamber or trauma.
Hand-foot-mouth disease (coxsackie virus)
- Ulcerations or vesicles of feet, mouth and hands
- painfu
- flu-like symptoms
- prevalent in young children
Melanoma
- Pigmented tumor
- most dangerous form of skin cancer
What is bruxism
a form of attrition-excessive grinding
Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
- Radiolucency at midline of maxillary anteror
- heart shaped appearance anterior to nasal spine
Actinic Cheilitis
- Precancerous lesion on lower lip
- red, white, ulcerated and or crusted appearance
Squamous cell carcinoma
- Oral cancer-most common
- often on lateral surfaces of tongue or floor of mouth
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
- Common between roots of mandibular premolars
- unable to probe
**Gardner’s syndrome**
- Associated with supernumerary teeth
- Familia autosomal disease
- Premalignant colon plyps
- multiple osteomas and tumors
- epidermoid cysts
Herpes simplex virus-1: HSV-1
- Oral herpes
- Painful, red, multiple vesicles progressing to ulcers
- systemic problems include malaise, fefer, lymphadenopathy
- common in young childeren
- May cause itching, burning and redness
- Triggered by stress, sun exposure, fever, mensturation
- Heal in 7-10 days
- Treatment- Acyclovir or antiviral creams
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- Mononucleosus infection-fatique, malaise, palatal petechaie
- Oral hairy eukoplaki
- transmitted via droplets
Primordial Cyst
- Replaces tooth
In what conditions are anodontia most common
Ectodermal dysplasia (abnormal development of teeth) Oligodontia (Congenitally missing teeth)
Basal cell carcinoma
- MOST COMMON TYPE OF SKIN CANCER
- Sun exposed skin is most prevalent area to be affected
Cleidocranial dysostosis (dysplasia)
- Rare autosomal disease
- ***hypoplastic or absent clavicals***
- dental abnormalities
Leukoedema
- Milky white lesions of buccal mucosa that DISAPPEAR WHEN STRETCHED
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
- Chicen pox
- Shingles
What are mulberry molars
type of hypoplasia caused by syphelis
Angular Cheilitis
- Fissured areas at corner of the mouth
- Similar appearance to riboflavin (B2) deficiency
- Treat topically with nystatin, clotrimazol or systemically with ketoconazole or fluconazol
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)
AKA Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT)
- Associated with basal cell carcinoma
- commonly in posterior of the mandible rather than maxilla
- high recurrence, benign but progressive
Multiple myeloma
- Bone marrow tumors- poor pronosis, often fatal
- causes anemia and painful bone
- punched out radiolucent bone, including jaw
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- mostly in immunocompromised
- oral mucosal ulcerations
Snuff dippers keratosis
- Smokless tobacco lesions
- Wrinkled, corrugated white lesion at site of placement
- leukoplakia with increased risk of develpment of malignancy
- associted commonly with gingival recession, tooth staining and decay
Papilloma
- Caused by HPV
- Cauliflower-like
- Peduculated-stalked
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
Central Papillary Atrophy
- Red, atrophic area
- often associated with candida albicans
- anterior to circumvallate papilla
Dentigerous cyst
- Located around crown of impacted tooth
- Generally mandibular wisdom teeth and maxillary canines
- Displace unerupted tooth
What is amelogenesis imperfecta
amelo=enamel hereditary disorder of enamel formation
Leukoplakia
- White plaque/patches on oral mucosa that CANNOT BE WIPED OFF
- airy leukoplakia-associated with HIV cliants, white patch on lateral boarder of tongue
- generally benign
- hyperkeratotic or squamous cell carcinoma
Mucocele
- Lower lip most common site
- bluish/pink fluid-filled nodule
- caused by traumatic severance of salivary gland duct
- If the salivary gland is not removed, it may reoccur
Papillary hyperplasia of the palate (Pseudopapillomatosis)
- Papillary lesions under maxillary denture, especially if denture never removed
- will have to excise tissue and remove denture
Nicotinic stomatitis
aka smoker’s palate
Whate, coarse, nodular appearance to hard palate in smokers
scattered red ‘dots’ are the orifices of inflamed minor salivary glands
Stafne’s bone cyst
- Depression on the mandible at the inferior alveolar canal-submandibular gland
- no treatment indicated
In what conditions do you most commonly see supernumerary teeth
Cleidocrandial dysostosis (the boy from stranger things) Gardner’s syndrome
**Myasthenia Gravis (MG)**
- Long-term neromuscular disease
- varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness
**Stevens-Johnson Syndrome**
- Erythema multiforme major
- multiple mucosal surfaces are ulcerated
- usually triggered multiple medication use
- Hemorrhagic crusting of lips
- “Bull’s eye”
