Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards > Community Dental Health > Flashcards

Community Dental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Random Sample

A

each element in the population has a ~equal chance of appearing~ reduces the chance of bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Stratified Sample

A

selecting an element according to certain subgroups to diminish the chance of sample fluctuation
Ex: dividing people by ages (1-10, 11-20, 21-30) then selecting a sample from each subgroup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Systematic Sample

A

selecting every “nth” to participate

Ex: every 7th, or every 4th..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Judgment Sample

A

someone who knows the population selects the sample; familiarity with the population (BIAS)
~needs specific type of people to fit the requirement for the survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Convenience Sample

A 
group is chosen because it happens to be convenient; may represent the population; ease for evaluator
ex: interviewing those who are in a class that given day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Variable

A

what is being measured or observed

Ex: the toothbrushing techniques of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

the outcome of interest; should change in response to intervention
~depends on the independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an independent variable

A

the intervention; what is being manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a data matrix?

A

a table showing scores from lowest to highest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is frequency disstribution

A

tabulating how often each score occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a skew

A

symmetry of the curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a positive skew?

A

more scores are in the lower range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a negative skew?

A

more scores are in the higher range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a normal curve/bell curve

A

scores are equally distributed around the mean; mean, median and mode all have the same value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are measures of central Tendency

A

different ways to define the center or middle of a distribution (mean, median, mode)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is mean

A

average number of score; add all scores and divide by number of scores (most common measure of central tendency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is median

A

numbers from lowest to greatest and then the one in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is mode

A

score that occurs with greatest frequency (peak of curve when plotted out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are measures of dispersion

A

describes how wide the scores arae around a central point (range, standard deviation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

range

A

difference between the high and low score (affected by extremely high or low scores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is standard deviation

A

most commonly used method of dispersion in research; the larger the number representing the standard deviation, the wider the distribution curve (smaller deviation: more narrow, larger deviation: more wide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is validity

A

the degree to which a data collection instrument measures the variable it is designed to measure; does the test really measure what it claims to be measuring?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is reliability?

A

the extent to which the method of measurement performs consistently (thing consistently reliable like a pet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is an intraexaminer

A

Consistent performance bye the same investigator when using a data collection instrument (1 examiner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an interexaminer

A

Consistent performance by different investigators when using the same data collection instrument (2+ examiners)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is sensitivity

A

The ability of a test to correctly identify the ~Presence~ of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is specificity

A

The ability of a test to correctly identify the ~absence~ of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the t-test

A

used when comparing the statistical difference between two mean scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is ANOVA (Analysis of Varieance)

A

used when comparing the statistical difference between three or more mean scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is p-value (probability Value)

A

used when testing hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a primary preventative service

A

techniques and agents to reverse progress/forestall onset of disease BEFORE TREATMENT becomes necessary
ex: Mechanical and chemical plaque control, fluoride, nutritional conseling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a secondary preventative service

A

routine treatment methods to terminate a disease and RESTORE tissues to as normal as possible
Ex: periodontal debridement, restorations

33
Q

What is a tertiary preventative service

A

involves using measures necessary to REPLACE lost tissue and rehabilitate patients
Ex: implants

34
Q

What is an epidemic

A

an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population at a particular time and place

35
Q

What is an endemic

A

a disease that occurs regularly in a population as a mater of course

36
Q

What is a pandemic

A

an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent

37
Q

What is incidence

A

the number of NEW cases in a population at risk during a particular period of time; conveys information bout the risk of contracting a disease

38
Q

What is prevalence

A

the number of NEW AND OLD cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time; tells how widespread the disease is

39
Q

what are indices

A

an expression of clinical observations in numeric value

40
Q

what are the categories of indices

A

Reversible, Irreversible, Simple, Cumulative

41
Q

What is a reversible indices

A

measures conditions that can be reversed or resolved

42
Q

What is a Irreversible indices

A

measures cumulative conditions that cannot be reversed

43
Q

What are simple indices

A

measures the presence or absence of a condiditon

44
Q

What are cumulative indices

A

measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present

45
Q

what is CAMBRA

A

Carries Managagement by risk assessment

46
Q

key to identifying adult or child indices

A

adult=capitalized child=lowercase

47
Q

what is DMFT/DMFS

A

Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/ Decayed, Missing, Filled Surfaces

  • irreversible
  • used to measure PAST AND PRESENT CARIES EXPERIENCE of a population with PERMANENT teeth
48
Q

what is deft

A

decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth

  • irreversible
  • measures observable caries experience in PRIMARY teeth
  • does not take into account teeth that have been extracted or exfoliated due to past caries experience
49
Q

what is dft/dfs

A

decayed, filled teeth/ decayed, filled surfaces

  • irreversible
  • used to measure observable caries experience in PRIMARY teeth
50
Q

RCI

A

Root Caries Index

  • Irreversible
  • attempts to assess the extent of root caries experience within the context of individuals at risk for the disease
  • only takes into consideration areas of ROOT EXPOSURE
51
Q

What are the dental caries indices

A

DMFT/DMFS, deft, dft/dfs, RCI

52
Q

what are the gingivitis indices

A

GI, SBI

53
Q

GI

A

Gingival Index

  • reversible
  • based on severity of inflammation and location
  • can be used to determine prevalence and severity of gingivitis in cohort groups as well as in individual dentitions
54
Q

SBI

A

Sulcular Bleeding Index

  • reversible
  • designed to detect early symptoms of gingivitis
  • useful in short-term clinical trials
55
Q

What are the periodontal Indices

A

PDI, PI, PSR, CPITN

56
Q

PDI

A

Peridontal Disease Index (Ramfjord)

  • irreversible
  • measures the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease
  • measures the reversible (gingival) and irreversible (attachment loss) of periodontal disease
57
Q

PI

A

The Periodontal Disease (Russell)

  • irreversible
  • each tooth is scored according to the condition of the surrounding tissue
  • does NOT measure loss of attachment - question of validity
58
Q

PSR

A

Periodontal Screening and Recording

  • assesses the state of periodontal health in a rapid and effective manner
  • Preliminary screening to determine need for full mouth periodontal assessment
  • requires use of special probe
59
Q

CPITN

A

The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs

  • established by world health organization to determine periodontal treatment NEEDS rather than periodontal status
  • requires use of special probe
60
Q

What are the Oral Hygiene Indices

A

OHI-S, PlI, PHP, VMI

61
Q

OHI-S

A

Simplified Oral Hygiene Index

  • reversible
  • used to measure oral hygiene status
  • involved both a debris and calculus index
62
Q

PlI

A

Plaque Index

  • Reversible
  • Measures difference in thickness of soft deposits at gingival margin
  • used in conjunction with GI -Gingival Index
63
Q

PHP

A

Patient Hygiene Performance

  • Reversible
  • Assesses individual’s performance in removing debris after toothbrushing instructions
64
Q

VMI

A

Volpe-Manhold Index

  • reversible
  • used to test agents for plaque control and calculus inhibition
  • scores supragingival calculus following prophylaxis
65
Q

Examination method type I

A

Complete examination - includes mouth mirror and explorer, lighting, thorough radiographys, study models, tests as needed

66
Q

Examination method type II

A

Limited examination - includes mouth irror and explorer, lighting, posterior bitewings and selected periapical radiographs

67
Q

Examination method type III

A

inspection - Mouth mirror, lighting

68
Q

Examination method type IV

A

screening - Tongue depressor, lighting

69
Q

What is a goal?

A

broad based statement of what changes will occur as a result of the program

70
Q

What is an objective.

A

specific statement that describes, in a measurable manner, the desired result of the program; based on need of target population; can be considered steps to achieve the program goals

71
Q

What is a Habit

A

The patient begins to experiencce gratification and self-satisfaction; behavior is modified

72
Q

What is Action

A

The patient tests new concepts; acts based on a perceived need

73
Q

What is Invlolvement

A

Old ideas are discarded for new ones in an effort to change; motivate to act

74
Q

Self-interest

A

Patient personalizes information

75
Q

Awareness

A

Correct information is obtained but it still lacks personal meaning

76
Q

Unawareness

A

The patient has incomplete or inaccurate information

77
Q

What are the stages of learning

A
  • Habit
    • Action
  • – Involvement
  • — Self-interest
  • —- Awareness
  • —– Unawareness
78
Q

What is a Summative evalution

A

outcome evaluation - after the program; examining the processes or activities of a program after they have taken place; measures impact of program

79
Q

What is a Formative Evaluation

A

during the program; examining the processes or activities of the program as they are taking place

Boards (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions