Spatial Disorientation Flashcards
Definition of spatial disorientation
Inability to accurately orient yourself with respect to the earths horizon
Four sensory systems
Visual system-eyes. Most reliable
Vestibular system-inner ears. Semicircular canals and otoliths organs. (Yaw, pitch, roll). Unreliable
Somatosensory system-pressure receptors in the skin. Seat of the pants system. Useless in the absence of visual cues.
auditory system-maintain SA and orientation by providing feedback in support of other systems
Three types of spatial disorientation
Recognized, unrecognized and incapacitating
Purpose of the fluid inside of the semicircular canals
Endolymph fluid moves special cupula nerves which bend in the direction of the fluid movement
Otolith organs
Located near the base of the semicircular Canal’s in the vestibular apparatus. Senses linear movement
When does the Coriolis effect happen while flying
When two or more of the semicircular Canal’s are stimulated at the same time
Giant hand phenomenon
Occurs when the vestibular stimulus is so strong that you cannot physically overcome the sensation of an opposite bank or roll
Cause of somatogravic illusions
Linear accelerations resulting in the sensation of pitching up or down
G excess effect
Occurs while in a turn or bank and you look outside of the aircraft resulting in the sensation of a perceived decrease in bank angle.
Environmental factors contributing to spatial disorientation
Weather. Type of mission. Time and duration of mission.
Physiological factors affecting spatial disorientation
Alcohol, self-medication, dehydration and fatigue
Preventing spatial disorientation
Understanding your limitations. Remedy correctable factors. Use capabilities properly. Recognize high-risk situations and stay alert
Overcoming spatial disorientation
Believe in transition to instruments. Back up the pilot who is flying on instruments. Minimize head movements. Fly straight and level. Egress if necessary
Symptoms of motion sickness
Nausea, sweating, belching, cold or clammy feeling and headache.
Treatment of motion sickness
Cool air and 100% oxygen. Diaphragmatic breathing (beer belly breathing)
