Spain - Work Flowy Flashcards
Vino
Wine without geographical indication
Variety and Vintage may appear on label
PGI Wines
Vino con Indicacion Geografica Protegida
Traditional Term: Vindo de la Tierra (VdIT)
PDO Wines (Denominacion de Origen Protegida)
VCIG
DO
DOCa
VP
Vindo de Pago
Single-estate appellations
IF VP is located within an existing DO, VP appellation requirements must be stricter than those of the larger DO
Estates may apply for VP after 10 years of production
Must be estate-bottled
What are the Vino de Pagos of Castilla–La Mancha?
Dominio de Valdepusa (2003)
Finca Elez (2003)
Guijoso (2003)
Dehesa del Carrizal (2006)
Campo de la Guardia (2009)
Florentino (2009)
Casa del Blanco (2010)
Calzadilla (2011)
Vallegarcia (2019)
La Jaraba (2019)
Los Cerillos (2019)
El Vicario (2019)
What are the Vino de Pagos of Navarra?
Arinzano - Tierra Estella (2007)
Prado de Irache - Tierra Estella (2008)
Otazu - Valdizarbe (2009)
What are the Vino de Pagos of Valencia?
El Terrerazo - Utiel-Requena (2010)
Vere de Estenas - Utiel-Requena (2019)
Chozas Carrascal - Utiel-Requena (2020)
What are the Vino de Pagos of Aragon?
Ayles - Carinena (2011)
Alternative aging terminology
Noble: Minimum 18 months in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
Añejo: Minimum 24 months in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
Minimum 36 months and demonstrates marked oxidative character
Crianza
Red: Minimum 2 years, including at least 6 months in oak (maximum 330-liter capacity)
White/Rosé: Minimum 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak
Reserva
Red: Minimum 3 years including at least 1 year in oak
White/Rosé: Minimum 2 years, including at least 6 months in oak
Gran Reserva
Red: Minimum 5 years, including at least 18 months in oak
White/Rosé: Minimum 4 years, including at least 6 months in oak
Navarra DO
Bay of Biscay, Pyranees, Ebro River are climatic factors
Long famous for Rosado but Red wines makeup 60% of production today
Major red varieties are Garnacha and Tempranillo
Chardonnay is most planted white
Navarra DO subzones
Five - TV Bitch
Ribera Alta,
Ribera Baja,
Baja Montana,
Tierra Estella,
Valdizarbe
Rioja Aging Requirements Espumoso
Vino Espumoso Calidad (15 lees)
Vino Espumoso Calidad Reserva (24 lees)
Vino Espumosa Gran Anada (36 lees)
Rioja Alta Soil / Varietal
(Tempranillo): Rioja Alta’s northern areas are characterized by yellow calcareous clay (arcillo-calcareo), whereas the lower slopes south of the Ebro River contain reddish, iron-rich clay soils (arcillo-ferroso)
Rioja Alavesa Soil / Varietal
(Garnacha): This subzone has the highest concentration of calcareous clay soils, the dominant soil type between the Cantabrian Mountains and the north bank of the Ebro River
Rioja Oriental Soil/ Varietal
(Garnacha): Rioja Oriental has some iron-rich clay, but most of the lower flatter areas in Oriental are characterized by alluvial silty soils
Rivers Associated with Rioja Alta
Najerilla and Ebro
Rioja Producers - Haro
Lopez de Heredia,
La Rioja Alta,
Bodegas Muga,
CVNE
Rioja Producers - Logrono
Marques de Murrieta,
Artadi
Rioja Producers - Fuenmayor
Bodegas LAN,
Finca Valpiedra
Towns Rioja Alta
Haro,
Logrono,
Fuenmayor,
Cenicero,
San Vincente de la Sonsierra,
Briones
Towns Rioja Alavesa
Labastida,
Oyon
What percentage of red grapes must compose the blend of a Rioja Rosado?
25%
Prinicpal White Varietals of Rioja
Viura,
Chardonnay,
Sauvignon Blanc,
Verdejo
Principal and Secondary Red Varietals Rioja
Tempranillo.
Garnacha,
Mazuelo,
Graciano,
Maturana Tinta
Aragaon DOs
Campo de Borja,
Carinena,
Calatayud,
Somontano
Mountain range Campo de Borja
Sierra Moncayo
Soil type Campo de Borja
Chalk and Clay
Sierra de Virgen
Mountain range of Calatayud where vineyatds are situated on south-facing slopes
Soil type Calatayud
Brown limestone
Somontano DO
translates “beneath the mountain”
Lies in the foothills of the Pyrenees near Catalonia
produces wine from local grapes such as white Alcanon (Macabeo) and red Parraleta and Moristel
Autonomias of Basque Country
Asutiras,
Cantabria,
Galicia,
Pais Vasco
Where is the VCIG Cangas located and what is it known for?
Asturias, Galicia
White wines from the Albarin grape
Cabrales - a semi-hard cheese from cow’s milk
Cider
Galicia DOs
Riax Baixas,
Ribeiro,
Valdeorras,
Ribeira Sacra,
Monterrei
Riax Baixas subzones
Val do Salnes,
Ribeira do Ulla,
O Rosal,
Candado de Tea
Val do Salnes / Ribeira do Ulla Varietal requirements
Min 70% recommended white grapes (Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura, Caina Blanca)
O Rosal Varietal requirements
Min 70% combined Albarino and Loureira
Candado de Tea Varietal Requirements
Min 70% combined Albarino and Treixadura
Who bottles the wine “Sketch”
Raul Perez - single vineyard and barrel fermented albarino from Val do Salnes in Riax Baixas
Traditional vine training method of Riax Baixas?
Pergola - Parra
Producers of Rias Biaxas
Do Ferreiro,
Raul Perez,
Bodegas Castro Martin,
Bodegas Terras Gauda,
Martin Codax
Soil type of Rias Baixas
Alluvial over granite
What are the red varietals of Riax Baixas?
Caino Tinto,
Espadeiro,
Loureira Tinta.
Souson
Where would you find Vino Tostado?
Ribeiro DO, Galicia
Vino Tostado Requirements
Min. 6 months in oak, 3 months in bottle
Min. must weight: 350 g/L
Min. Residual sugar: 120 g/L
Min. 3 months drying
Valdeorras DO
Galicia’s most eastern/inland zone, between Bierzo to the East and Ribeira Sacra to the west
River Sil is main feature of Valdeorras landscape
Predominantly dry white wines from Godello (Verdelho)
Varietal wines from Valdeorras DO
Godello: min. 85%
Mencia: min. 85%
SUMMUM
Ribera Sacra DO
Term reserved for Blanco wines from 100% Principal grapes and Tinto wines from min. 85% Principal red grapes, Min. 60% Mencia
What are the subregions of Ribeira Sacra?
Amandi,
Chantada,
Quieroga-Bibei,
Riberas do Sil,
Ribers do Mino
Producers Ribeira Sacra
Evinate,
Raul Perez,
Niepoort
Pais Vasco DOs
Getariako Txakolina
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Arabako Txakolina
Ribera del Duero Mountain Ranges
Sierra de la Demanda
Sierre de Guadarrama
Ribera del Duero Varietals
Recommended: Tinta del Pais / Tinto Fino (Tempranillo)
Authorized: Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet, Albillo Mayor
Ribera del Duero Producers
Emilio Moro,
Domaine de Pingus,
Aalto,
Pesquera,
Vega Sicilia
Ribera del Duero Soil
Limestone, Marl, Chalk, clay-topsoil
Castilla y Leon River DOs
Rueda,
Toro,
Tierra del Vino de Zamora,
Arribes,
Arlanza,
Cigales
Castilla y Leon Mountain DOs
Tierra de Leon,
Bierzo
Dorado
VDL form Rueda
Dry fortified, oxidized wine still encountered although it is a dying style
Rueda White Varietals
Rec: Verdejo
Auth: SB, Viura, Palomino
Rueda Red Varietals
Rec: Tempranillo
Auth: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Garnacha
Rueda Labeling Requirements
Min. 85% if varietally labeled SB or Verdejo
Blanco: 50% Verdejo
Rosado: min. 50% red varieties
Rueda Producers
Marques de Riscal
Marques de Caceres
Toro labeling requirements
Red: min. 75% Tinta de Toro
White: Verdejo, Malvasia
Toro Producers
Farina,
Numanthia-Termes,
Bodegas Mauro,
Bodegas Telmo Rodriguez,
Vega Sicilia Pintia
Arribes DO Location
Furthest west in Castilla y Leon on the Duero and Tormes Rivers
Arribes Wines
Red: Juan Garcia, Refete, Tempranillo
White: Malvasia, Verdejo, Albilla
Arribes Producers
Bodegas Ribera de Pelazas,
Almaroja Pirita
Cigales DO
West of Arlanza and Northwest of Ribera del Duero
Continental Climate
Principal reds from Garnacha and Tinto del Pais
Cigles White Wines
Rec: Verdejo
Auth: Albillo, Viura, SB
Cigales Red Wines
Rec: Tinta del Pais, Garnacha Tinta, Garnacha Gris
Auth: Cab, Merlot, Syrah
Tierra de Leon
Upgraded from Vino de la Tierra in 2007
Reds, whites and rosados
Tierrra de Leon Recommended Varietals
Red: Mencia, Prieto Picudo
White: Verdejo, Albarin Blanco (Albarino), Godello
What percentage of Mencia must be in Bierzo red blends?
70%
Bierzo Producers
Descendientes de J. Palacios,
Raul Perez,
Dominio Tares,
Pittacum
Bierzo Varietal requirements
Mencia: 70% for red, 50% for rosado
White: Godello, Dona Blanca, Palomino
Tempranillo in Catalonia
Ull de Llebre
Catalunya DOs
Alella,
Catalunya,
Cava,
Conca de Barbera,
Costers del Segre,
Emporda,
Monstant,
Penedes,
Pla del Bages,
Tarragona,
Terra Alta
Allella DO
Catalunya
Little-Known DO northeast of Penedes.
Dry whites from Pansa Blanca (Xarel-lo), Garnacha Blanca, Viura
Catalunya DO
Encompasses the entire Autonomia
Covers wineries not included in more specific DO zones
Allows more freedom of blending and expression from a range of sites and grapes
Major town of Cava
San Sadurni d’Anoia
Cava Sugar Levels
Brut Nature: 0-3 g/L
Extra Brut: 0-6 g/L
Brut: 0-12 g/L
Extra Seco: 12-17 g/L
Dry (Seco): 17-32 g/L
Semi-Seco: 32-50 g/L
Dolce: 50+ g/L
Cava Aging Requirements
Cava: min. 9 months lees
Reserva: min. 15 months lees
Gran Reserva: min. 30 months lees
Cava de Paraje: min. 36 months lees
Cava de Paraje additional requirements
Single-estate,
Hand-Harvested,
Min. 10 year old vines,
Min. 36 month tirage,
Min. TA = 5.5 g/L
Must be vintage-dated,
Only Brut, Extra Brut, Brut Nature
Cava Producers
Alta Alella,
Juve y Camps,
Castellroig,
Duran,
Freixenet,
Gramona,
Ravento I Blanc,
Recaredo,
Codorniu,
Torello,
Vins el Cep
Priorat min. alcohol
13.5%
Priorat Villages
Vi de la Villa label ->
La Morera de Monstant,
Gratallops,
Bellmunt del Priorat,
Escaladei,
Porrera,
Poboleda,
La Viella Baixa,
La Viella Alta,
El Lloar,
Masos del Terme de Falset,
Solanes del Terme de El Molar,
Torroja del Priorat
Priorat Authorized White Varietals
Garnacha Blanca,
Macabeo,
Pedro Ximenez,
Chenin Blanc,
Moscatel de Alejandria,
Moscatel de Grano Menudo,
Pansal (Xarel-lo)
Picapoll Blanco
Priorat Red Vartietals
Rec: Garnacha Tinta,
Samso (Mazuelo, Carignan)
Priorat Producers
Rene Barbier,
Clos Mogador,
Alvaro Palacios,
Clos i Terraces Clos Erasmus,
Costers del Siurana,
Mas Martinet,
Vall Llach,
Celle Max Doix,
Scala Dei
Five Original Clos of Priorat
1989
Clos Martinet,
Clos Mogador (Rene Barbier),
Clos Erasmus (Daphne Glorian),
Clos Dofi (Palacios),
Clos l’Obac (Carles Pastrana)
In 1991 - they split
Soil Type of Priorat
Llicorella - Mix of black slate and quartzite that characterizes the best vineyards and requires vines to dig deeply for water
Conca de Barbera DO
Catalunya
Between Terragona to the south and Costers del Segre to the north
Grapes grown in this area used to make Cava
Leading grapes: Macabeo (Viura), Parellada, Chardonnay
Also makes light, bright, fruity rose wines from Trepat
Costers del Segre General
Cooler vineyards produce Cava, drier areas grow Ull de Llebre, Garnacha, Carignane (Samso), Cab Sauv, Merlot, Trepat, Monastrell, Syrah, Pinot Noir
First designation in Catalunya to authorize international grapes
Raimat (estate) is Spain’s largest privately owned winery and one of most innovative, credited with putting Costers del Segre on the map - Manuel Raventos
Costers del Segre subzones
Seven
Pallars Jussa,
Artesa de Segre,
Segria,
Raimat,
Valls du Riucorb,
Garrigues,
Urgell
Emporda DO General
Catalyunya
Located in the far northeastern corner of Spain
Borders Banyuls in Roussillon
Tramontana wind originates from Pyranees and moderates climate
“Wines of the Wind” = designtation tagline
Focus is Carinena rosados
Traditional Garnatxa, a heavy, sweet red wine from sun-dried Garnacha grapes (similar to Vin de Paille)
Monstant DO General
Catalonia
Ring shaped region that almost entirely surrounds Priorat
Subzone of Tarragona until 2002, known as Falset until 2002
Dominant grapes are Garnacha and Carinena
Offers great value as Priorat’s prices continue to soar
Producers: Acustic Cellar, Rene Barbier
What are the aging requirements of Monstant?
Same as Priorat
What are the three subzones of Penedes and the varietals associated with them?
Alt = Cava grapes, Medio = Ull de Llebre, Baix = Garnacha, Monastrell
Pla de Bages DO
Newer DO North of Penedes, with similar grapes
Cava grapes as well as Picapoll, Ull de Llebre, Garnacha, Cab Sauv,
Merlot,
Syrah,
Cab Franc
Vineyards sit in Llobregat and Cardener river valleys
Tarragona DO
Large coastal region west of Penedes, surrounds Monstant and Priorat, borders Terra Alta
Most of the production today is for Cava and Church wine
Traditional sweet fortified wines can be found in late-harvest Garnacha and lighter Moscatel de Tarragona
Garnatxa del Tarragona (VDL)
Terra Alta DO
Southwest of Tarragona
El Cierzo, a local dry wind originates in the Ebro River Valley and plays vital role in climate
Produces wide range of wines from varieties like Garnacha Blanca, Parellada, Macabeo, Moscatel, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc for whites
Reds wines are made from Garnacha, Carinena, Syrah, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Merlot, Cabernet Franc
Valencia Geography / Climate
Located on sunny southeast corner of Spain
Sistema Iberico Mountain Range,
Turia River
Valencia DOs
Alicante,
Utiel-Requena,
Valencia
Fondillon
Alicante DO
Solera-style, oxidative dessert wine that is NOT FORTIFIED from overripe Monastrell grapes.
Min. 10 years aging
Alicante Subzones
L’Alacanti,
L’Alcoia,
Alto Vinalopo,
Medio Vinalopo,
Bajo Vinalopo,
La Marina Alta,
La Marina Baja,
El Comtat
Utiel-Requena DO
Largest region in Valencia
Borders Machuela DO to the west and Valencia DO to the East
Traditional style is red doble pasta which involves fermenting Bobal must with leftover skins / pulp after juice has been removed for rose wines
Doble Pasta is often used to strengthen weaker blends
Valencia DO
Whites from Merseguera
Also Macabeo, Monastrell, Moscatel de Alejandria, Garnacha, Tempranillo
Valencia Subzones
Alto Turia
Clariano (Reds from Monastrell, Tempranillo, CS, Merlot)
Valentino
Moscatel de Valencia
Murcia DOs
Jumilla,
Yecla,
Bullas
Mountain range of Murica DO
Sierra Nevada
Jumilla general
Sandy soils of the region resisted phylloxera until the 1980’s, nearly 100 years after the bug entered Spain
The vineyard decimation allowed producers to refocus, pivoting away from generic bulk wine to drought-resistant, thick skinned Monastrell
Reds and rosados represent some of Spain’s best values and make up 95% of the DO’s output
White grapes perform less worthily in the dessert like climate
Monastrell alone occupies over 80% of the regions vineyards
Garnacha, Petit Verdot, and other grapes may be used for blending
Jumilla Soil type
Sand
Jumilla Producers
Bodegas El Nido,
Casa Castillo,
Bodegas Luzon,
Bodegas Monterebro
Yecla DO
Unofficial zones: Campo Arriba, Cambo Abajo
Focuses on Monastrell, Tempranillo, CS, Merlot, Syrah
Bodegas La Pirsima, one of Spain’s largest. cooperatives is based here
Well-known Familia Castano group is based here
Name of Yecla-grown wine that Francis Ford Coppola added to his portfolio
Encyclopedia Tempranillo
Castilla-La Mancha DOs
Almansa,
La Mancha,
Manchuela,
Mondejar,
Ribera del Jucar,
Ucles,
Valdepenas
Almansa DO
Castilla-La Mancha
Producers rely principally on the Monastrell grape, and Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), a teinturier grape, is widely grown
La Mancha DO
Europe’s largest single demarcated wine region (162,625 ha)
Windmills don the flat plain, recalling the legend of Don Quixote, whose silhouette adorns the logo of the La Mancha Consejo Regulador
Pricipal grapes are Cencibel (Tempranillo) and Airen, thriving in La Mancha’s hot dry environment
Airen claims more acreage than any other white grape in the world, due to vast tracts of low-density plantings in La Mancha, much is destined for distillation
Manchuela DO dominant varietal
Bobal
Mentrida DO
Marques de Grinon estate was granted FIRST DO Pago in Spain in 2003, Dominio de Valdepusa
Valdepusa used international grapes, Cab Sauv, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Merlot, and illegal practice of drip-irrigation
Garnacha accounts for almost 80% of total production in Mentrida
Cencibel, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot are also encountered
Mondejar DO
North of La Mancha
Cut in half by Tagus River
Strongly influenced by Mediterranean Sea
Permits wines from all three colors from Cencibel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Macabeo, and the white Malvar grape
Ribera del Jucar DO
Was a subzone of La Mancha until it received its own DO in 2003
Ucles DO
Located northwest of La Mancha
Unique regulation governing the age of Cencibel (Tempranillo) vines!!!
DO Requires vines bearing red grapes to be in their 6th year of age before fruit may be harvested, and mature vines are divided into three categories (Older than 6 years of age, 15 years of age, 40 years of age)
Focusing on reds from Cencibel, Garnacha, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Syrah
White, sparkling, sweet, dolce wines are also produced
Valdepenas DO
Valley of Rocks
Claim to fame is Clarete or Aloque, light red and rosado wines enlivened by addition of 20% Airen
Tinajas - large clay pots for fermentation and storage
Surrounded by La Mancha
Airen is the most planted grape, followed by Cencibel
Vines benefit from higher concentration of chalk bedrock, providing better water retention in the arid environment
Reserva and Gran Reserva bottlings exclusively from Cencibel can be excellent
Best wines come from Los Llanos in the western sector and Las Aberturas in the northern sector
Madrid DOs
Vinos de Madrid
Vinos de Madrid DO
3 Subzones: San Martin de Valdeiglasias, Navalcarnero, Arganda
Airen, Malvar, Tinto Fino, and Negra de Madrid (Garnacha) are widely planted in the appellation
Most of the wines are consumed in the city itself
Subzones of Vinos de Madrid
San Martin de Valdeiglesias
Navalcarnero
Arganda
What is the river that influences the Extremadura?
Guadiana River
Where does cork export from within Spain?
Extremadura
Extremadura DOs
Ribera del Guadiana
Ribera del Guadiana DO
Southwest of the country, bordering Portugal
Guadiana River
Tierra de Barros “Land of mud” is most important
Temmpranillo and Cab Sauv, Merlot, Syrah, Grenache, Bobal for reds
Uncommon grapes Cayetana, Alarijen, and Borba (Welschriesling)
Bodegas Inviosa is longstanding proponent of regions wines, only producer of Cava in southwestern Spain
Much of regions harvest ends up in copper stills in Jerez
Better known for gastronomy, jamon serrano and jamon iberico
Ribera del Guadiana Subregions
Ribera Alta de Guadiana (Alarijen, Tempranillo),
Ribera Baja de Guadiana (Cayetana),
Matanegra,
Canamero,
Montanchez,
Tierra de Baros
Andalucia DOs
Condado de Huelva,
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry,
Malaga,
Montilla-Moriles,
Sierras de Malaga
