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Austria Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

In what year was the Diethylene glycol scandal? Who was responsible?

A

1985

Otto Nadrasky

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2
Q

What was created as a result of the 1985 scandal?

A

The Austrian Wine Act of 1986

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3
Q

Major importers of Austrian wine

A

Terry Theise

Circo Vino

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4
Q

Weinland States

A

Lower Austria (Niederosterreich)

Burgenland

Vienna

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5
Q

Steirerland States

A

Styria (Stediermark)

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6
Q

Bergland States

A

Carinthia (Karnten)

Upper Austria (Oberostterich)

Tyrol (Tirol)

Voralberg

Salzberg

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7
Q

Alt Reben

A

Old Vines

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8
Q

Blau

A

Blue

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9
Q

Grau

A

Grey

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10
Q

Grosslage

A

Large collective vineyard site

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11
Q

Haursekt

A

Grower’s sparkling wine

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12
Q

Ried

A

Single Vineyard

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13
Q

Sturm

A

Partially fermented grape must

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14
Q

Vulkan

A

Volcano

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15
Q

What was the first DAC approved and when?

A

Weinviertel

2002

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16
Q

Austrian Wine Law

Three levels of quality

A

Wein

Landwein

Qualitätswein

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17
Q

Two categories for Wein

A

Wein is without geographical designation (formerly Tafelwein)

Wein - can include grapes from anywhere in the EU

Osterreich - must be sourced from Austria only

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18
Q

Landwein

A

Equivalent to EU’s Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

Must be produced from grape varieties that are approved for Qualitatswein

100% of the grapes must come solely from one of the three winegrowing areas: Steirerland, Burgenland, Weinland

Must exhibit traits that are representative of the area

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19
Q

Qualitatswein

A
  • Makes up 84% of Austrian production
  • Corresponds with the EU’s Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
  • Must be harvested in a single winegrowing region and produced in a facility within or bordering region
  • 40 approved varieties
  • Wines must show typicity of region
  • Meet minimum 15 degrees KWM must weight
  • Adhere to max. 65.7 hectoliters per hectare
  • Min. 9% ABV (5% for Pradikatswein)
  • Must be inspected and approved by a government tasting official and given a Federal Inspection Number
  • Banderole capsule
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20
Q

Overarching Designations for Qualitatswein

A

Kabinett

DAC Wines

Pradikatswein

Austrian Sekt

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21
Q

Pradikatswein rules

A
  • Category of Qualitatswein defined by must weight at harvest
  • Final sweetness can only be achieved through interrupted fermentation
  • Chaptalization and the addition of unfermented grape must are forbidded
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22
Q

Pradikatswein Styles

A

Spatlese

Auslese

Beerenauslese

Eiswein

Strohwein/Schliffwein

Trockenbeerernauslese

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23
Q

Pradikatswein Must Weights and Desicription

A
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24
Q

Who helped establish Austrian Sekt?

A
  • Former Ruinart cellar master Robert Alwin Schlumberger in 1842
  • Established first Austriran sparkling wine brand in 1859 - Goldeck
  • Named after Goldeggen Vineyard
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25
Q

Other important Sekt figures

A

Johan Kattus - Hochriegl - 1890

Karl Infuhr - Charmat method - 1949

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26
Q

Austrian Sekt Committee

A

Formed in 2013

Gesuchtzter Ursprung Geprufte Qualitat (Protected Origin, Proven Quality)

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27
Q

PDO Sekt Levels

A

Klassik

Reserve

Grosse Reserve

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28
Q

Austrian Sekt

A
  • No PDO
  • Produced from the 40 allowed varietals in Qualitatswein
  • “Austrian Sekt” allowed on label if grapes or base wines come from Austria
  • “Produced in Austria” allowed on label if production is in Austria
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29
Q

Klassik Sekt

A
  • All sparkling methods, dosage levels, styles and colors permitted
  • Minimum 9 months on lees, 3 in bottle
  • Vintage allowed on label
  • Max. 12.5% Alcohol
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30
Q

Reserve Sekt

A
  • Hand-harvested
  • Only traditional method and white and rose wines permitted; only red grapes can be used for rose (no blending)
  • Min. 18 months lees, 6 months in bottle
  • 60% juice extraction required at pressing
  • Max. dosage 12 g/L
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31
Q

Grande Reserve Sekt

A
  • Hand-Harvested
  • Same methods, dosage levels, colors and style allowed for Reserve
  • Min. 30 months lees, 6 months bottle
  • Vineyard source and grower allowed on label
  • 50% juice extraction required at pressing
  • No alcohol limits
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32
Q

Austrian Sekt Quality and Sweetness Pyramid

A
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33
Q

Lower Austria - Districts

A
  • Wachau
  • Kremstal
  • Kamptal
  • Wagram
  • Weinviertel
  • Thermenregion (NOT DAC)
  • Traisental
  • Carnuntum
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34
Q

What was the first Austrian DAC?

A

Weinviertel

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35
Q

Weinviertel DAC

A
  • Fresher, lighter wine in cooler climate
  • MUST be produced from Gruner Veltliner
  • Min. Alcohol 12%
  • Approved by a tasting panel, distinct peppery note, no obvious wood or botrytis
  • Reserve - 2009 - fuller-bodied, Min. Alcohol - 13, may show wood/botrytis
36
Q

Wienviertel Producers

A

Weingut R&A Pfaffl

37
Q

Carnuntum DAC

A
  • Located South of Vienna
  • Climate similar to sunny Burgenland, production leans toward red wine
  • Gemischter Satz - Traditional field blends that are still popular in Carnuntum
  • Soil: Stony loam and loess
  • Reds from Zweigelt
38
Q

Carnuntum Producers

A

Muhr-can der Niepoort

Gerard Markowitsch

Glatzer

39
Q

Traisental DAC

A

2006

  • DAC wines - Gruner Veltliner / Riesling
  • Classic / Reserve 12% or 13%
  • Classic examples have no wood/botrytis
  • Varietal wines show a more delicate spice than the white pepper in Weinviertal
  • Soil: Limestone and Gravel
40
Q

2012 Traditionweinguter Osterreich Erste Lage (By Village)

Traisental

A
  • Gertzdorf
    • Berg
  • Inzersdorf-Getzersdorf
    • Rothenbart
    • Swirch
  • Reichersdorf
    • Alte Setzen
41
Q

Traisental Producers

A

Markus Huber

Ludwig Neumayer

42
Q

Wagram DAC

A
  • East of Wachau, Kremstal and Kamptal
  • Known as Donauland prior to 2007
  • Region follows the course of the Danube as it passes out of Vienna
  • Gruner Veltliner is the main grape of the region, but Roter Veltliner, an unrelated red grape produced as a white wine is a local specialty of Wagram
  • DAC status in 2022
  • Klosterneuburg Institute lies within eastern Wagram
  • Soil: Loess
43
Q

2012 Traditionsweinguter Osttereich Erste Lage (By Village)

Wagram

A
  • Fels am Wagram
    • Brunnthal
    • Scheiben
  • Feuersbrunn
    • Rosenberg
    • Spiegel
  • Kirchberg
    • Schlossberg
  • Grossweikersdorf
    • Mordthal
44
Q

Wagram Producers

A

Stift Klosterneuberg

Bernhard Ott

Leth

Wimmer-Czerny

45
Q

Kremstal DAC

A

2007

  • Located in western Niederosterreich, along the Krems River, a tributary of the Danube
  • DAC wines may be produced from Gruner Veltliner / Riesling and may be labeled Classic or Reserve
  • Min. Alcohol Classic/Reserve 12%/13%
  • Classic examples show no signs of botrytis or wood
  • More delicate spice rather than the white pepper of Weinviertal
  • Soil: East of the Krems - deep loess terraces. West - shallower soils and primary rock
46
Q

2012 Traditionsweinguter Osttereich Erste Lage (By Village)

Kremstal

A

There are 31 of these. Find out the important ones.

47
Q

Kremstal Producers

A

Stadt Krems

Nigl

Salomon Undhof

48
Q

Kamptal DAC

A

2008

  • Located in Western Niederosterrich, along the Kamp River, a tributary of the Danube
  • Langenlois, one of Austria’s most important wine towns is here
  • DAC wines may be produced from Gruner Veltliner / Riesling and may be labeled Classic/Reserve
  • Minimum Alc. Classic/Reserve 12%/13%
  • Classic examples no wood or botrytis
  • Gruner shows more delicate spice compared to white pepper of Wienviertal
49
Q

Kamptal Soil

A
  • Variable soils - include loess, clay, loam
  • Loess and clay-loam are near the Danube Rievr
  • Higher, steeper vineyards have thin topsoil and more primary rock, like Gfohl gneiss and mica schist
  • In the Helligenstein vineyard, there is a rare outcropping of weathered ssandstone, mixed with volcanic rock
50
Q

Important Vineyards

Kamptal

A

Helligenstein

Lamm

Dechant

51
Q

Kamptal Producers

A

Schloss Gobelsberg

Brundlmayer

Brandl

Hirsch

Hiedler

52
Q

Wachau DAC

General

A
  • Home to many of the best vineyards in Austria
  • Niederosterreich’s westernmost region
  • Narrow band of steep slopes between Melk and Krems along the banks of the Danube, which moderates the otherwise severe continental climate
  • The river and cool northern winds chill the summer nights significantly, enabling the wines to retain high natural acidity
  • Much of the Wachau’s best vineyard land encompasses terraced slopes on the north bank of the river, in the style of the Mosel
  • Unique climate, soil, and aspect of the Wachau yield Austria’s most extracted, ageworthy white wines; Gruner Veltiner and Riesling both excel here
53
Q

Wachau Law

General

Classifications

A
  • Instead of the typical Pradikatswein hierarchy, producers in the Wachau have developed their own categories of classification
  • All wines must be dry
  • Steinfeder - Min. 15º KMW, 11.5% ABV - Local Grass
  • Federspiel - Min. 17º KMW, 11.5-12.5% ABV - Falconers Tool
  • Smaragd - Min. 19º KMW, 12.5% ABV - Emerald Lizard
54
Q

Steinfeder

A
55
Q

Federspiel

A
  • Named after a falconer’s tool
  • Minimum must weight of 17° KMW
  • Final alcohol range of 11.5-12.5%
56
Q

Smaragd

A
  • Named after an emerald lizard who basks on the terraces
  • Minimum must weight of 19 KMW° (equivalent of 95° Ochsle, or Spatlese ripeness)
  • Minimum alcohol of 12.5%
  • Can reach high alcohol levels, and show a high degree of extract
  • Inevitably they show tone of botrytis
57
Q

Wachau Soil Types

A
  • The vineyards of the Wachau line terraces along the Danube (Donau) River.
  • Lower east-facing vineyards typically contain sandy loess soils
  • Steeper higher vineyards (450 meters and above) are characterized by shallow soils and a higher proportion of the underlying Gfohl gneiss and primary rock
  • The soil structure is a combination of loess and gfohler, or gneiss, with a proportion of alluvial sand in the lower vineyard sites near the river’s edge
58
Q

Wachau Major Villages With Major Vineyards

Wachau

A
  • Spitz
  • Weinskirchen
  • Wosendorf
  • Joching
  • Durnstein
  • Unterloiben/Oberloiben
  • Mautern
59
Q

Wachau

Spitz Vineyards

A
  • Axpoint
  • Singerriedel
  • Offenberg
  • Setzberg
  • Bruck
60
Q

Wachau

Weinskirchen

Vineyards

A
  • Achletein
    • Home of some of the region’s most prestigous vineyards
  • Klaus
  • Hinter der Berg
  • Hiter Seiber
61
Q

Wachau

Wosendorf

Vineyards

A
  • Kollmutz
  • Hochrain
62
Q

Wachau

Joching

Vineyards

A
  • Stein am Rain
  • Pichlpoint
  • Kollmitz
  • Postaller
63
Q

Wachau

Durnstein

Vineyards

A
  • Hollerin
  • Kellerberg
  • Hoheneck
  • Superin
64
Q

Wachau

Unterloiben/Oberloiben

Vineyards

A
  • Loibenberg
  • Schutt
  • Muhlpoint
  • Klostersatz
65
Q

Wachau

Mautern

Vineyards

A
  • Sillberbichl
66
Q

Wachau Producers

A
  • Emmerich Knoll (Unterloibern) (est. 1825)
  • Franz Hirtzberger (Spitz)
  • Rudi Pichler (Wosendorf)
  • FX Pichler (Oberloiben)
  • Prager (Weinsenkirchen)
  • Veyder-Malberg (Spitz)
  • Alzinger (Unterloiben)
  • Domaine Wachau (Durnstein)
  • Nikolaihof (Mautern)
  • Jager (Weinsenkirchen)
  • Marcus Huber (Traisental)
67
Q

Thermenregion

General

Producers

A
  • Located south of Vienna
  • Far from the Danube = Hot Pannonian summers
  • Rare white grapes Rotgipfler and Zierfandler here, produced varietally or as the blend Spatrot-Rotgipfler
  • Clay, sandy loam, brown earth
  • Johanneshos Reinisch
68
Q

Wein (Vienna)

General

A
  • Lies on the Danube River and is surrounded on three sides by the Niederostereich subzones of Thermenregion, Carnuntum, Weinviertel and Wagram
  • It is the only capital city in Europe to have its own wine appellation within the city limits
  • Gemischter Satz is commonly produced
  • Heuringer is produced as well, a nouveau wine consumed in its infancy in taverns of the same name
  • Sturm - half-fermented, sparkling grape juice – usually accompanies harvest time meals
69
Q

Wein

Subregions

Producers

A

Gemischter Satz DAC

2013

70
Q

Gemischter Satz DAC

A

2013

  • DAC wines are white and produced from a blend of at least 3 varieties
  • No single variety may compose more than 50% of the blend
  • 3 varieties must make up at least 10% each

Producer: Weingut Wieninger

71
Q

Burgenland

General

A
  • The other half of Weinland Osterreich, produces Austria’s best red and sweet white wines
  • White wines are almost all on the decline in the region
  • With Niederosterreich, contains 90% of the country’s vines
  • As of 2016, Neusiedlersee-Hugelland and Sudburgenland are no longer considered wine regions
72
Q

Burgenland

Climate / Geography

A
  • Borders Hungary
  • Hot continental Pannonian climate in Buregenland is tempered by the cooling influenc eof the Neusiedlersee
73
Q

Burgenland

Subregions / DACs

A
  • Neusiedlersee DAC (2011)
  • Leithaberg DAC (2009 - white, 2008 - red)
  • Rosalia DAC (2018)
  • Mittelburgenland DAC (2005)
  • Eisenberg DAC
74
Q

Neusiedlersee DAC

General

A
  • The village of Illmitz is located here = Alois Kracher = legendary Eiswein, BA and TBA bottlings
  • Received DAC status for Classic and Reserve red wines based on Zwiegelt
  • NO DAC for sweet wines
75
Q

Ausbruch

A
  • Western shore of Neusiedlersee is the city of Rust, famous for the production of Ausbruch
  • Similar production to Tokaji, richly concentrated botrytis-affected must is added to less concentrated must – from fruit harvested in the same vineyard – and the two are fermented together, then aged in barrel before release
  • Min. 30º KMW (approx. 156º Ochsle)
  • Furmint grapes were traditionally used, but modern Ruster Ausbruch is more often produced from Chardonnay, Muskateller, Pinot Blanc, Neuburger, Welschriesling, Traminer and Pinot Gris
76
Q

Leithaberg DAC

A
  • First DAC to allow for both red and white wines
  • White wines may be blends or single varietals produced from Gruner Veltliner, Chardonnay, Neuburger or Weissburgunder
  • Red wines: min. 85% Blaufrankisch, with stipulations similar to those of Mittelburgenland on new wood (DAC - large casks or used wood if barrique aged)
  • Leithaberg only permits Reserve bottling, not classic
  • Soil: gneiss, mica-slate, limestone (Leithakalk)
77
Q

Rosalia DAC

A
  • At Reserve level, vineyards (rieds) may be indicated on label
  • Min. 13% ABV
  • DAC permits dry Rose wines made from one or several red Qualitatswein grapes
  • Varietal blending not allowed
  • Became DAC in 2018 but allowed to retroactively label for 2017
  • Elevation: 750 meters above sea level
  • Geographical features: Rosaliengabirge (Rosalia Range) Wulka River
  • Soil: Loess
78
Q

Mittelburgenland DAC

General

A

2005

  • Produces red wines from Blaufrankisch, which may be sold from March 1 the year after harvest
  • 100% Blaufrankisch
  • Reserve - additional year of aging and higher alcohol minimum - 13% as opposed to 12.5%
  • Many producers in the region are experimenting with barriques, although DAC regulations stipulate large casks or used wood in the event of barrique-aging
  • Soil: Deep Clay
79
Q

Mittelburgenland DAC

Producers

A
  • Moric
  • J. Heinrich
  • Iby
  • Franz Weininger
80
Q

Eisenberg DAC

A

2009, 2008 for Reserve

  • DAC Wines = 100% Blaufrankisch
  • Soil: Gravel and Slate
  • Producers:
    • Krutzler
    • Uwe Schiefer
    • Wachter-Wiesler
81
Q

Styria

General

A
  • A mountainous region to the south of Burgenland
  • The region contains approximately 9% of the nation’s vineyards
  • Three DAC’s, gained in 2017, Schilcherland
  • Welschriesling, a grape unrelated (and inferior) to the noble Riesling, is the region’s most cultivated varietal, followed by Weissburgunder
82
Q

Styria (Steiermark)

Subzones / DACs

A
  • Vulkanland Steiermark DAC
  • Sudsteiermark DAC
  • Westeiermark DAC
83
Q

Sudsteiermark DAC

General

A
  • Erste Lage
    • Kranachberg
    • Ziereg
    • Straden
  • Sauvignon Blanc performs well here
  • Producers
    • Weingut Temet - leading producer
    • Polz
    • Sasttlerhof
84
Q

Westeiermark DAC

A
  • Formerly Schilcherland
  • The ancient Blauer Wildbacher comprises 95% of the red grape acreage and is often vinified as Schilcher, a racy stlye of local rose
85
Q
A

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