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Loire Valley Flashcards

1
Q

Loire Valley

General Appellations

A

Cremant de Loire

Rose de Loire

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2
Q

Loire Valley

Climate and Geography

A

Maritime climate

Climatic factors:

  • Proximity to Atlantic
  • Loire River and tributaries
  • Lac de Grand-lieu
  • Maine River
  • Sevre River
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3
Q

Folle Blanc Synonym

A

Gros Plant

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4
Q

What percent alcohol do Muscadet wines show best at?

A

12%

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5
Q

Sur Lie

A

Wine msut originate from land qualifying for one of the three sub-appelations.

Wines labeled by subzone (Clisson, Le Pelet, Gorges) may not include “Sur Lie on label”

Wines must be kept on its lees (in tank or barrel) after fermentation until at least March 1st of the year following harvest

Bottled direclty off lees

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6
Q

Muscadet Appelations

West to East

A

Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine

Muscadet Coteaux de Loire

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7
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine

Soils

A

Gneiss, Silica, Clay, Granite

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8
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine

Subzones

Official

A
  • Clisson
  • Gorges
  • Le Pallet
  • Goulaine
  • Mouzillon-Tillières
  • Monnières-Saint-Fiacre
  • Château-Thébaud
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9
Q

Clisson soil

A

Sub-appelation

Granite

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10
Q

Gorges Soil

A

Clay and gabbro (igneous rock)

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11
Q

Le Pellet

Soil

A

Gneiss, quartz, gabbro (igneuos rock)

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12
Q

Goulaine

Soil

A

Gneiss, Schist

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13
Q

Mouzillon-Tillieres

A

Gabbro

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14
Q

Monnieres-Saint-Fiacre

Soil

A

Gneiss

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15
Q

Chateau-Thebaud

Soil

A

Gneiss

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16
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP

A

Est. 2011 (Pinot Gris & Gamay)

Easternmost AOP in Pays Nantais, boarders Anjou AOP

Overlaps Muscadet Coteaux du la Loire AOP

Styles / Encepagement

  • Blanc: 100% Pinot Gris
  • Rose: 100% Gamay
  • Rouge: 100% Gamay
  • Varietally labeled “Malvoisie” : 100% Pinot Gris
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17
Q

Fiefs Vendeens AOP

and Subzones

A

Est. 2011 Chenin & Gamay/Pinot Noir & Cab Franc/Negrette/Pinot N

Southernmost AOP in Pays Nantais

Subzones

  • Brem
  • Chantonnay
  • Mareuil
  • Pissotte
  • Vix
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18
Q

Fiefs Vendeens Blanc

A

Min. 60% Chenin blanc, Min.10% combined: Chardonnay.

  • Grolleau Gris allowed in Brem
  • Sauvignon Blanc allowed in Vix
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19
Q

Fiefs Vendeens Rose

A

Principal Varieties (min 80%): Gamay and Pinot Noir

  • In Brem / Chantonnay: min 50% Pinot Noir & min 20% Gamay
  • In Mareuil / Pissotte / Vix: min 50% Gamay & min 30% Pinot Noir

Accessory Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Negrette

In Brem: Grolleau Gris is allowed

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20
Q

Fiefs Vendeens Rouge

A

Principal Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Negrette, Pinot Noir

  • In Brem / Pissotte: min 50% Pinot Noir & min 20% Cabernet Franc
  • In Chantonnay / Mareuil / Vix: min 50% Cabernet Franc & min 20% Pinot Noir

Negrette is always a min 10%

Accessory Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay

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21
Q

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOP

A

Est. 2011 (Folle Blanche) - Gros Plant

Blanc

  • Principal Variety: Min 70% Folle Blanche (Gros Plant)
  • Accessory Varieties: Montils and max 10% Colombard
  • “Sur Lie”
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22
Q

Muscadet AOP

A

100% Melon de Bourgogne

“Sur Lie”

Blanc Noveau / Primeur

  • Min. Alcohol: 9.5%
  • “Sur Lie”:10%

Must weight: 153 g/L

Sur Lie: 161 g/L

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23
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine

A

Est. 1936 - Melon de Bourgogne

  • Central Pays Nantais, southwest of Coteaux de la Loire, east of Grandlieu
  • Accounts for more than 80% of Muscadet production
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24
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine

Alcohol / Must weight

A

Minimum Potential Alcohol:

  • Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine: 10%
  • Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine (subzone): 11%

Minimum Must Weight:

  • Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine: 161 g/l
  • Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine (subzone): 178 g/l
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25
Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine Subzones
* Clisson * Gorges * Le Pallet * Goulaine * Mouzillon-Tillieres * Chateau-Thebaud Awaiting Ratification: * Chamtoceaux * Le Haye Foussaiere * Vallet
26
Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine Elevage for Subzones
**Goulaine and Le Pallet**: Aged on fine lees until at least April 1 of second year after **Gorges, Clisson, Mouzillon-Tillieres, Monnieres-Saint-Fiacre, and Chateau-Thebaud**: Aged on fine lees until at least Oct 1 of second year after
27
Hermine d'Or
Adopted by Guy Bossard and others Promotes terroir and stressaes ageability Producers: * Domaine de l'Ecu (Guy Bossard) * Domine de la Louvetrie * Domaine de la Martiniere
28
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
Est. 1936 Northeast of Sevre-et-Maine, cooler climate, lighter wines **100% Melon de Bourgogne** **Sur Lie**
29
Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu
Est. 1994 West of Sevre-et-Maine 100% Melon de Bourgogne
30
Muscadet Major Producers
Domaine Pipeau **Domaine de l'Ecu (Guy Bossard)** * Granite * Orthogneiss * Cuvee Classique Domaine de la Pepiere Jo Landron Comte Leloup du Chatreau de Chasseloir Sauvion Gadais Chereau-Carre
31
Pays Nantais Major Producers
Guy Bossard (Domaine de l'Ecu) Domaine de la Pepiere Andre-Michel Bregeon Domaine Pierre Luneau-Papin Domaine de Louvetrie
32
Anjour-Saumur General
Continental climate 45% of Anjou production is rose, dominated by Grolleau grapes 1/3 of Anjou's plantings are cabernet franc
33
Anjou-Saumur Soils by location
North & West = Carboniferous rocks and schist South & West = Whiter, limestone-rich soils to the south and west Saumur-Champigny - **Tuffeau** = Chalky, fine-grained micaneous limestone Savennieres - Steep slopes of blue schist with volcanic debris
34
Anjou-Saumur Appelations
* Anjou (est. 1936) - Blanc, Red, Nouveau, Mousseux * **Anjou-Villages** (est. 1991) - **RED** **ONLY** = Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon ONLY - 9/1 after * **Anjou Villages Brissac** (est. 1998) - **RED** **ONLY** = Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon ONLY - 7/15 after * Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire (est. 1946) - Chenin Blanc (Min. 34 g/l) * Bonnezeaux (est. 1951) - Chenin Blanc (Min. 51 g/l) * Cabernet d'Anjou (est. 1964) - Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon * Cabernet de Saumur (est. 1964) - Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon * Coteaux de l'Aubance (est. 1950) - Chenin Blanc (Min. 34 g/l) * Coteaux du Layon (est. 1950) - Chenin Blanc (Min. 34 g/l) * Coteaux de Saumur (est. 1962) - Chenin Blanc (Min. 34 g/l) * Haut-Poitou (est. 2011) - Sauvignon Blanc, plus Sauvignon Gris & Cabernet Franc * Quarts de Chaume (est. 1954) - Chenin Blanc (Min. 85 g/l) * Rose d'Anjou (est. 1957) - Grolleau (Groslot), Grolleau Gris, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Cot, Gamay, Pineau d'Aunis * Styles / Encepagement * Saumur (est. 1936) - Chenin & Cab Franc plus (30) Cab Sauv and Pineau d' Aunis * Saumur-Champigny (est. 1957) - Cab Franc plus (15) Cab Sauv, Pineau d'Aunis * Savennieres (est. 1952) - Chenin Blanc * Savennieres Coulee de Serrant (est. 2011) - Chenin Blanc * Savennieres Roche Aux Moines (est. 2011) - Chenin Blanc
35
Anjou AOP
* 1937 * Blanc: Chenin Blanc, plus max. 20% Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc * Rouge: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, plus max 30% Pineau d'Aunis and Grolleau (max. 10% Grolleau) * Anjou Gamay: 100% Gamay * Vin Mousseux Blanc: Min. 70% Chenin Blanc, plus Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinneau d'Aunis, Gamay, and max 20% Chardonnay (traditional method, min 9 months on the lees) * Vin Mousseux Rose: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pineau d'Aunis (traditional method, min. 9 months on lees)
36
Dry, Still, **red** wine only appellations of Anjou-Saumur
Anjou-Villages AOP Anjou-Villages Brissac AOP Saumur-Champigny AOP
37
Anjou-Villages AOP
Est. 1991 **RED ONLY** = Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon ONLY - 7/15 after Styles / Encepagement * Rouge: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon Aging Requirements * Wines may not be released until Sept. 1st of the year following harvest
38
Anjou-Villages Brissac AOP
(est. 1998) - **RED** **ONLY** = **Cabernet** **Franc** and **Cabernet** **Sauvignon** **ONLY** - 7/15 after Styles / Encepagement * Rouge: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon Aging Requirements * Wines may not be released until July 15th of the year following harvest Soils Anjou Noir = Dark Schist Anjou Blanc = Limestone
39
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOP
Est. 1946 **Minimum Residual Sugar - 34 g/L - very sweet** Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * Minimum must weight: 221 g/L
40
Bonnezeaux AOP
Est. 1951 * Aspect: **South-Facing** * Size: 104 ha * Enrichment: Unlike Quarts de Charme, chaptalization is legal * **Jean Boivin** is credited with helping create this AOC in 1951 * Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * Minimum Residual Sugar: **51 g/L** * Min. Must Weight: **238 g/L** * Aging Requirements: wines not released until April 1 of the year following harvest
41
Bonnezeaux AOP Producers
* Rene Renou * Chateau de Fesles * Domaine de Gagneries * Domaine de la Variere * Domaine Les Grandes Vignes * Domaine de Petits Quarts
42
Cabernet de Saumur AOP
(Est. 1964) - Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon **- ROSE ONLY** * Rose Only * Styles / Encepagement * Rose: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon * Max Residual Sugar: 7 g/L
43
Coteaux de l'Aubance AOP
Est. 1960 - Chenin Blanc * Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * **Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN)** * **Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/L** * Harvesting: For all wines, grapes must be harvested in successive tries. Presence of botrytis is required in grapes harvested for SGN wines
44
Coteaux du Layon AOP
(Est. 1950) - Chenin Blanc * Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN): Botrytis affected grapes * Minimum Residual Sugar * **Coteaux du Layon: 34 g/L** * Coteaux du Layon Chaume **Premier Cru**: **80** **g/L** (68 g/L prior to 2011) * Enrichment: Chaptalization is not allowed for Chaume Premier Cru or SGN wines * Harvesting: Manual harvesting in successive tries is mandatory for Chaume 1er Cru
45
Coteaux de Layon AOP Subzones / Villages
* Faye d'Anjou / Faye * Rochefort-sur-Loire / Rochefort * Rablay-sur-Layon / Rablay * Beaulieu-sur-Layon / Beaulieu * St. Aubin de Luigne / St. Aubin * St. Lambert du Lattay / St. Lambert * **Chaume** ("Premier Cru") * 60 ha * Situated on the northern edge of the Coteaux du Layon area, right on the Layon River * Max Yields: 25 hl/ha (vs. 30 for other cru/villages and 35 just for Coteaux du Layon) * Min. Must Weight: **272 g/L** (vs. 238 for other cru/villages)
46
Coteaux de Layon AOP Aging Requirements
* Coteaux du Layon Chaume Premier Cru: not released until September 1st of the year following harvest * Coteaux du Layon SGN: not released until June 15 of second year after harvest
47
Coteaux de Layon AOP Producers
* Chateau Soucherie * Domaine de Baumard * Chateau Pierre-Bise * Domaine Philippe Delesvaux
48
Coteaux de Saumur AOP
(Est. 1962) - Chenin Blanc * Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/L
49
Haut-Pitou AOP
Est. 2011- Sauvignon Blanc, plus Sauvignon Gris & Cabernet Franc * Blanc: Min. 60% Sauvignon Blanc, plus Sauvignon Gris * Rouge: Min. 60% Cabernet Franc * Principal Variety: Min. 60% Cabernet Franc * Accessory Varieties: Gamay, Gamay de Bouze, Gamay de Chaudenay, Merlot, Pinot Noir
50
Quarts de Chaume AOP
Est. 1954 - Chenin Blanc * **40 ha only!!! (100 acres)** * Aspect: **South-Facing** * Lieux-Dits: **Les** **Quartz**, **Les** **Roueres**, **Le** **Veau** * Commune of Production: Rochefort-sur-Loire * Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * As of 2010 harvest, "Grand Cru" may be added to the label * Enrichment: Chaptalization is **prohibited** * Minimum Residual Sugar: **85 g/L** * Harvest: Grapes affected by passerillage/botrytis, must be hand-harvested in successive tries * Aging Requirements: not released until September 1 of year following the harvest * Soils: Sandstone and Schist
51
Quarts de Chaume Lieux-Dits
Les Quartz, Les Roueres, Le Veau
52
Quarts de Chaume Producers
Chateau Pierre-Bise Chateau de l'Echarderie "Clos Paradis" Domaine Jo Pithon
53
Anjou-Saumur Residual Sugar with AOP
* All of the base Coteaux's standards (l'Aubance, Saumur, Layon, Loire): **34 g/L** * Coteaux de Layon Village: **Also 34 g/L but higher must weight and lower yield** * Bonnezeaux: **51 g/L** * Coteaux de Layon 'Chaume' 1er Cru: **80 g/L** * Quarts de Chaume: **85 g/L**
54
Rose de Anjou AOP
(Est. 1957) - Grolleau (Groslot), Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Pineau d'Aunis
55
Saumur AOP
(Est. 1936) - Chenin & Cabernet Franc plus (30) Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis * **Saumur wines may be labeled as Anjou but not the other way around!** * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc (plus max. 20% Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc up to 2016 harvest) Rouge: Cabernet Franc, plus max 30% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis Saumur "Puy Notre-Dame": Cabernet Franc, plus max. 15% Cabernet Sauvignon Vin Mousseux Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc (max 10%), Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Pinot Noir, Pineau d'Aunis, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris Vin Mousseux Rose: Same as Blanc except min. 60% Cabernet Franc, not Chenin Vin Mousseux Requirements: Traditional method, aged 9 months on lees Aging Requirements: "Puy-Notre-Dame" not released until June 1st of year following harvest
56
Saumur Producers
* Domaine du Collier * Domaine Guiberteau * Thierry Germain Domaine des Roches Neuves * Chateau Yvonne * Chateau de Breze * Clos Rougeard
57
Saumur-Champigny AOP
**Red Only** Rouge: Cabernet Franc, plus max. 15% Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d'Aunis Soil: **Tuffeau** (Chalky, fine-grained micaneous limestone
58
Saumur-Champigny Producers
* Clos Rougeard * Thierry Germain Domaine des Roches Neuves * Domaine Antoine Sanzay * Chateau de Villeneuve
59
Savennieres AOP
Est. 1952 - Chenin Blanc Communes of Production: **Bouchemaine** (north), **La** **Possonniere** (south), **Savennieres** **Styles / Encepagement** * Blanc (Sec to Doux): 100% Chenin Blanc **Residual Sugar** * Sec: Max 4 g/L (max 8 g/L if total acidity is within 2 g/L of RS) * Demi-Sec: Max 18 g/L (no longer explicitly stated as of 2011) * Molleaux: 18-45 g/L (no longer explicitly stated as of 2011) * Doux: more than 45 g/L (no longer explicitly stated as of 2011) Harvesting: Manual harvest is required Aging Requirements: not released until April 1st of the year following harvest Soils: Steep slopes of **blue schist w/ volcanic debris**
60
Savennieres Producers
* Nicolas Jay * Domaine des Baumard * Domaine du Closel * Chateau d'Epire * Chateau Pierre-Bise * Thibaud Boudignon * Chateau Soucherie * Chateau de Varennes
61
Nicolas Jay
* Enjoyed a successful career in finance when he took over his family's estate in the Loire in 1977 * **Father of Biodynamics** * Total Size: 15.7 ha * Certified organic/biodynamic since the 1980s
62
Clos de la Coulee de Serant
Nicolas Jay, Savennieres * **One of three monopoles in France that is it's own AOP** * **7 ha** of very steep slopes with sunny/south-east exposure * Vines are 35-40 years old and the oldest were planted in 1935 * Aged 6-8 months in neutral 500L oak (a max of 5% new)
63
Roche Aux Moines Clos de la Bergerie
Nicolas Jay * 3.2 ha * About 30 year old vines planted on schist with eastern exposures of schist and quartz
64
Les Vieux Clos
Nicolas Jay * 5.5 ha plot on east facing hillside slopes * 18 - 20 year old vines on mostly schist with quartz and very little sand * Aged in used barrels for 6-8 months
65
Savennieres Clos de la Coulee de Serant
Est. 2011 - Chenin Blanc * Formerly geographic designation of Savennieres * Monopole owned by Nicolas Jay * Size: 7 ha * Subzones / Selections: **Grand Clos de la Coulee, Clos du Chateau, Les Plantes** * Blanc (Sec, Molleux, Doux): 100% Chenin Blanc * Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited * Sec: max 4 g/L * Molleux / Doux: min. 30 g/L * Harvesting: hand-harvesting is required * Aging requirements: not released until July 1st of the year following harvest * Soil: steep slopes of blue schist with volcanic debris
66
Subzones of Coulee de Serant
**Grand Clos de la Coulee** **Clos du Chateau** **Les Plantes**
67
Savennieres Roche Aux Moines AOP
Est. 2011 * Means "the monks' rock" * Formerly geographic designation of Savennieres * Size: 33 ha * Same requirements as Clos de la Coulee de Serant
68
Touraine AOPs
* Bourgueil (est. 1937) - **Max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon planted, two types of Tuffeau** * Cheverny (est. 1993) - **Min. 50% Sauvignon Blanc/Gris & Min. 85% combined (Min. 50%) Pinot Noir and (Min. 16%) Gamay** * Chinon (est. 1937) - **Chenin Blanc & Cabernet Franc, plus Max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon** * Coteaux du Loire (est. 1948) - **White = Chenin Blanc & Red/Rose = Pinneau d'Aunis** * Coteaux du Vendomois (est. 2001) - **White = Chenin Blanc & Red = Pineau d'Aunis** * Cour-Cheverney (est. 1994) - Romorantin Obviously * Jasnieres (est. 2001) - White only 100% Chenin Blanc * Montlouis-sur-Loire (est. 1938) - Still, Sparkling, Sweet, Dry = All 100% Chenin Blanc * Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil (est. 1937) * Touraine (est. 1939) - (A-COMA) * Touraine-Noble-Joue (est. 2001) * Valencay (est. 2004) * Vouvray
69
Bourgeuil AOP
(Est. 1937) - **Max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon planted, two types of Tuffeau** * Rouge / Rose * Maritime Climate * Sand and Limestone
70
Bourgeuil AOP Prodcuers
* Catherine et Pierre Breton * Gauthier Pere et Fils Domaine du Bel Air * Lame Delisle Bouard Domaine des Chesnaies * Domaine de la Chanteleuserie * Jackly Blot Domaine de la Butte * Domaine de la Chevalerie * Yannick Amirault
71
Cheverny AOP
* (Est. 1993) - Min. 50% Sauvignon Blanc/Gris & Min. 85% combined (Min. 50%) Pinot Noir and (Min. 16%) Gamay
72
What AOP is the Vienne river located on?
Chinon AOP
73
Chinon AOP
* (Est. 1937) - Chenin Blanc & Cabernet Franc, plus Max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon Located on the Vienne river (Tributary of the Loire) * Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc * Rose: Cabernet Franc plus max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon * Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
74
Chinon AOP Soils
Tuffeau, Clay ## Footnote **Tuffeau** (aka Tuffeau Jaune) = soft limestone - More common on the slopes! **Verennes** = alluvial sand - Sandy, alluvial soils that are located closer to the Vienne River, a tributary of the Loire
75
Olga Raffault and Les
Located in Veron, where the Vienne river intersects with the much larger Loire. Veron is temperate, humid, and low-lying * 24 total ha -23 ha of Cabernet Franc, 1 ha of Chenin Blanc Wines: * **Les** **Picasses** - Flahship, located on a south-facing, limestone-rich slope on the highest hill in the area. It is the most structured, powerful and age-worthy of their reds * **Les Barnabes -** On a plain hill of gravel soils near the Loire * **Les Peuilles -** A nearby plateau with southern exposure and clay-silica soils * **Chinon Blanc Champ Chenin** -50 year-old vines planted in the heavy clay-limestone soils of a monopole called Champs Chenin
76
Domaine Charles Joguet Wines
Chinon * Varennes du Franc Pied * Clos du Chene Vert * Clos de la Dioterie * Les Charmes * La Verennes du Grand Clos
77
Philippe Alliet Wines
Chinon * Chateau de Noire * L'Huisserie
78
Bernard Baudry Wines
Chinon * Les Grezeaux * Le Clos Guillot * La Croix Boisee
79
Couly-Dutheil Wines
Chinon * Clos de l'Echo * Clos de l'Echo 'Crescendo' * Rose Rene Couly * Les Chanteaux - Chenin Blanc * Diligence * Les Gravieres * Clos de l'Olive * Coulee Automnale * Domaine Rene Couly * Baronnie Madeleine
80
Coteaux du Loire AOP
(Est. 1948) White = Chenin Blanc Red/Rose = Pinneau d'Aunis
81
Coteaux de Vendemois AOP
(Est. 2001) White = Chenin Blanc Rose = **100% Pinneau d'Aunis**"Vin Gris" Red = Pineau d'Aunis
82
Cour-Cheverny AOP
Romorantin shares common parent with Chardonnay! Gouais Blanc!!! Styles / Encepagement * **Blanc: 100% Romorantin** Producers: * Francois Cazin: Le Petit Chambord Cuvee Renaissance * Domaine des Huards * Domaine Philippe Tessier
83
Jasnieres AOP
**100% Chenin Blanc** **White Only**
84
Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP
(Est. 1938) - Still, Sparkling, Sweet, Dry **All 100% Chenin Blanc** Sparkling Requirements: Traditional method, secondary fermentation, not released until 9 months tirage Producers: * Francois Chidaine * Jacky Blot
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Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP
* Rose: Cabernet Franc plus max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon * Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon Soils: almost entirely on lighter, alluvial soils = lighter style of wine Producers: * Domaine Sebastian David * Domaine Frederic Mabileau * Yannick Amirault * Gerald Valle Domaine de la Cotelleraie
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Touraine AOP
* Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc and max 20% Sauvignon Gris * Rose: Min. 2 varieties present, and no variety max exceed 70% of the vineyard. Cabernet Franc, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Sauvignon, Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d'Aunis * Pimeaur Rose: same as for Rose * Rouge: Min 80% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot (Min. 50%). Vineyards west of Tours have a **min. 80% Cabernet Franc** * **Pimeaur Rouge: 100% Gamay** * Varietally Labeled Gamay: Min. 85% Gamay, plus Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Pinot Noir * Vin Mousseux/Petillant Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc or Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Chardonnay, Pineau d'Aunis, Pinot Noir * Vine Mousseux/Petillant Rose: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d'Aunis
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Touraine Subzones List
A-COMA * Amboise * Chenonceaux * Oisly * Mesland * Azay-la-Rideau
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Touraine AOP Subzones
A-COMA Amboise * **Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc** * Rose: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay * Rouge: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay Mesland * Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc, max 30% Sauvignon Blanc, max. 15% Chardonnay (the amount of Chardonnay in the vineyard may not exceed the amount of Sauvignon Blanc) * Rose: Min. 80% Gamay, plus Cot and Cabernet Franc * Rouge: Min. 60% Gamay, 10-30% Cot, 10-30% Cabernet Franc Azay-la-Rideau * **Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc** * Rose: Min. 60% Grolleau; plus Cot, Gamay, and Max 10% combined Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon Oisly * **Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc** Chennoceaux * **Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc** * Rouge: 50-65% Cot, 35-50% Cabernet Franc, plus Gamay
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Touraine-Noble-Joue AOP
Rose ONLY * Min. 40% Pinot Meunier, Min 20% Pinot Gris, Min. 10% Pinot Noir
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Valencay AOP
Blanc: Min. 70% Sauvignon Blanc, plus Orbois, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Gris Rose: 30-60% Gamay, Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min 10% Cot (Malbec), plus Cabernet Franc (Max 20%), and Pineau d'Aunis (Max 30%) Rouge: 30-60% Gamay, Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min. 10% Cot (Malbec), plus Cabernet Franc (Max 20%)
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Vouvray AOP
Largest and most important white wine district Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: Min 95% Chenin Blanc, plus a max 5% Orbois * Vin Mousseux / Pettilant Soil: **Tuffeau (limestone)**
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Vouvray Residual Sugar Categories
* **Sec**: up to **8 g/L (**TA must be within 2 g/L of RS) - AOP LAW * **Sec-tendre**: up to **12 g/L** - EU LAW * **Moelleux**: up to **45 g/L** - EU LAW * **Doux**: more than **45 g/L** - EU LAW * Final decision on RS is usually a response to the vagaries of each vintrage, not a consistent stylistic choice!!
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Domaine Huet
Great producer in Vouvray Wines * **Cuvee** **Constance**: Debuted with the 1989 vintage, named for Gaston's mother. Botrytised dessert wine from one, two, or all three vineyards * **La Haut-Lieu** (9 ha): Original Huet Vineyard, generally most approachable. Richest soils: Deep limestone-clay * **Le Mont**: Less clay and more stone than Le Haut Lieu. Located on the Permiere Cote. Young = intense minerality, Aged = great length / finesse * **Clos de Bourg:** Shallow, stoniest soils. Le Mont's intense minerality, with Le Haut's generous texture
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Vouvray Producers
Domaine Huet Phillip Foreau Francois Chidaine
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Central Vineyards AOPs
Continental Climate * Coteaux du Giennois (est. 1998) * Orleans (est. 2006) * Orleans-Clery (est. 2006) * Sancerre (est. 1936) * Pouilly-Fume / Fume de Pouilly (est. 1937) * Pouilly-sur-Loire (est. 1937) * Menetou-Salon (est. 1959) * Quincy (est. 1936) * Reuilly (est. 1937)
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Coteaux de Giennois AOP
Est. 1998 * Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc * Rose: Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%) * Rouge: Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)
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Orleans AOC
Est. 2006 * Blanc: Min. 60% Chardonnay (Auverant Blanc), plus Pinot Gris * Rose: Min. 60% Pinot Meunier, plus Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir * Rouge: 70-90% Pinot Meunier, plus Pinot Noir
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Orleans-Clery AOP
Rouge: 100% Cabernet Franc
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Sancerre AOC Styles / Encepagement / Elevage
Est. 1936 * Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc * Rose: 100% Pinot Noir * Rouge: 100% Pinot Noir Wines may not be released until March 15th of the year following hartvest
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Sancerre AOP Top Vineyards / Soils
Top Vineyards * Les Monts Damnes * Chene Marchand at Bue * le Cul de Beaujeu * Le Pousse Caillou? * Le Grande Cote Soils * Terres Blances - continuation of Kimmeridgian clay that extends into Chablis * Caillotes - Gravel with limestone * Silex - higher proportion of flint/sand
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Sancerre Producers
* Edmond Vatan * Domaine Vacheron * Francois Cotat * Didier Dagueneau * Pascal Jolivet * Alphonse Mellot * Baron de Ladoucette
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Edmond Vatan
* Last vintage he produced was 2007, his daughter Anne took over in 2008 Wines: Clos la Neore * Kimmeridgian Marl soil * 49 year old vines (planted in 1969) * Organic farming
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Domaine Vacheron
Sancerre Wines * L'Enclos des Ramparts * Sancerre * Chambrates: Located on plateau above Le Paradis on limestone and red clay soils * Guigne Chevres: North-facing site with flint above shallow limestone soils in the Le Paradis lieu-dit * Les Romains: Flint terroir located in the eastern part of Sancerre * Sancerre Rose * Sancerre Rouge * Rouge Belle Damne: 50 year old vines grown on pure flint soils
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Francois Cotat
Paul and Francis are brothers, Paul has son Francois, Francis has son Pascal. Francois and Pascal are cousins Wines * Les Monts Damnes * Les Caillotes * Les Culs de Beaujeu * Le Grande Cote * **Cuvee** **Paul**: Late harvest slightly sweeter wines named after his father, it used to be called Cuvee Special before the estate was divided. This wine was only produced in 1999, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010
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Didier Daguneau
Vineyards * La Folie: Provides the Sauvignon Blanc for, among others, Pur Sang and Asteroide cuvees * Bois de St Andelin: Provides the grapes for the Silex cuvee Wines Pouilly-Fume * **Asteroid**e: Made from 18 rows of ungrafted vines and produces only 200L a year, the vines come from the end of the Pur Sang parcel * Buisson-Renard:1.5 ha of the 3 ha La Folie vineyard, hidden on a slope between two small forests * Blanc Fume de Pouilly * Pur Sang * Silex
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Baron de Loudecette
Wines * Baron de L * Comte Lafond Grand Cuvee Blanc * Comte Lafond
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Pouilly-Fume AOP
**100% Sauvignon Blanc** Soils: Kimmeridgian, Oxfordian Limestone (Caillotes), Flint (Silex), Clay-Sililceous Producers * Didier Dagueneau * Pascal Joivet * Baron de Ladoucette * Chateau de Tracy * Michel Redde et Fils * Didier et Jonathon Pabiot
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Pouilly-sur-Loire AOC
Est. 1937 **100% Chasselas** Same soils as Pouilly-Fume
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Menetou-Salon AOP
Est. 1959 * **Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc** * **Rose: 100% Pinot Noir** * **Rouge: 100% Pinot Noir** Elevage: Rouge wines may not be released until March 15th of the year following harvest
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Quincy AOP
Est. 1936 * Located between Cher and Yevre (tributary of Cher) Styles / Encepagement * Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc, plus a max. 10% Sauvignon Gris Soil: Sand
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Reuilly AOP
Est. 1937 * Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc * Rose: Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris * Rouge: 100% Pinot Noir Soil: Kimmeridgian clay-limestone with alluvial gravel and sand
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AOP of Central France
* Chateaumeillant (2010) - Min 60% Gamay plus Pinot Noir * Cotes d'Auvergne - Chardonnay & (Min. 50%) Gamay plus Pinot Noir * Cotes du Forez - Red/Rose only: 100% Gamay * Cote Roannaise - Red/Rose only: 100% Gamay * Saint-Pourcain - Chardonnay / Sacy & Gamay & Gamay / Pinot Noir
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Cotes de Auvergne AOP Subzones
Rouge Only * Boudes * Chanturgue * Chateaugay * Madargue Rose Only * Corent
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Rose-Only Appelations in the Loire Valley
Anjou-Saumur * Cabernet d'Anjou * Rose d'Anjou Touraine * Touraine Noble-Joue
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Loire Valley Vintages
* 2017: Widespread, devastating frost damage. High quality but low yields * 2016: Frost, high quality * 2015: Very good year, warm weather * 2014: A great year, though with limited quantities * 2012: Very challenging, low yielding * 2011: Extremely challenging year * 2010: good * 2009: Great * 2006: Very challenging and not high quality * 2005: Very good * 2003: Hot

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