South Africa Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
In what year was the Wine of Origin system put into place?
A
1973
2
Q
How does the Wine of Origin break down areas for production?
A
Geographical Unit,
Region,
District,
Ward
3
Q
What is the famed dessert wine of South Africa?
A
Vin de Constance
4
Q
What are the Geographical Units of South Africa?
A
Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Free State
5
Q
What are the Regions of the Western Cape?
A
Breede River Valley, Cape South Coast, Coastal Region, Klein Karoo, Olifants River Region
6
Q
What are the Districts of the Breede River Valley?
A
Breedekloof.
Robertson,
Worcester
7
Q
What is the minimum percentage of a varietal if listed on a label?
A
85%
8
Q
What is the rule for listing blends?
A
May list several grapes if vinification occurred separately, in descending order of presence
9
Q
If area of production is listed on label
A
100% of grapes must come from that area of production
10
Q
What is the rule for single vineyard on a label in South Africa?
A
Wines sourced solely from the vineyard, provided it is appropriately registered and less than 6ha in size
11
Q
What is the rule for Estate Wine listed on a label in South Africa
A
Must be from contiguous parcels of vineyard land and vinified and bottled on a single property
12
Q
Integrated Production of Wine Scheme (IPW)
A
Voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards
IPW sets guidelines for:
Agricultural
Manufacturing
Packaging practices
Wineries judged on number of points: Worker Safety Measures, Handling of Wastewater, Carbon Emissions, Use of Pesticides/Chemicals,
Vineyard biodiversity
Wines that meet Min 60% or better qualify for a joint seal, indicating “sustainable wine of origin” rather than basic WO seal
13
Q
Ko-operative Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika (KWV)
A
Prompted by large-scale overproduction
Throughout the 20th century, KWV restricted the production of wines in such a way that innovation was near impossible and quantity was prioritized over quality
Yields were restricted and minimum prices set at a level which encouraged production of brandy and fortified wine
KWV’s control of the South African wine sector lasted until the 1990s, even today, the country’s industry has an unusually high number of co-operatives
14
Q
What are ther Regions of Northern Cape?
A
None
15
Q
What are the regions of the Eastern Cape?
A
None
16
Q
What are the geographical boundaries of the Breede River Valley Region?
A
Langeberg Mountains to the North
Boland Mountains to the West
Riviersonderend Mountains to the South
17
Q
What are the Districts of the Breede River Valley?
A
From West to East
Breedekloof,
Worcester,
Robertson
18
Q
What is the significance of the geographical features of Breede River Valley?
A
Langberg Mountains separates it from the Klein Karoo semi-desert in the north
Boland Mountains from Paarl and Stellenbosch in the west
Riviersonderend Mountains protect valley from oceanic influences of the south
Bulk production for distillation comes from the valley floor
Premium wines come from the vineyards in the foothills of the mountains that surround the valley
19
Q
What are the wards of the Breedekloof District?
A
Goudini,
Slanghoek Ward
20
Q
What are some major producers of the Breedekloof District?
A
Meander
Olifantsberg
Deetlefs
21
Q
What is the soil type of Breedekloof?
A
shale and sandstone
22
Q
What is significant about the Worcester District?
A
Vineyards of Worcester produce roughly 25% of all of South Africa’s wine, and the region has many co-operative estates
23
Q
What are the geographical features that form Worcester’s northern border?
A
The Hex River and the Langeberg mountains
24
Q
What is significant about the KWV House of Brandy and where is it located?
A
Largest distillery of brandy in the Southern Hemisphere,
Worcester District of the Breede River Valley Region
25
What are the wards of Worcester District?
Hex River Valley,
Nuy,
Scherpenheuvel,
Stettyn
26
What is the soil type and some major producers of the Worcester District?
Shale and sandstone,
KWV Brandy Cellars
Stettyn Cellar,
Alvi's Drift,
Eagles Cliff
27
What is significant about the Robertson District?
One of South Africa's better known wine producing regions
"Valley of wine and Roses"
Associated with rich, fruit-driven red and white wines made most often from the Chardonnay and Shiraz grape varieties, as well as sparkling wines from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
28
What is Robertson divided from Klein Karoo by?
Langeberg Mountains in the north
29
What is the climate and soil type of Robertson?
Dry/Hot (ideal for premium grapes)
High levels of lime in the soil give a chalky minerality to the wines
Red, gravelly soils with pockets of limestone.
Shale and alluvial soils
30
Robertson Major Natural Features
Breede River,
Riviersonderend Mountains,
Langberg Mountains
31
What are the wards of Robertson?
```
Agterklipoogte,
Bonnievale,
Boesmansrivier,
Eilandia,
Hoopsrivier,
Klaasvoogds,
Le Chasseur,
McGreor,
Vinkrivier
```
32
Major Producers of Robertson
```
Graham Beck Wines**
Springfield Estate**
De Wetshof
Robertson Winery
Arabella
```
33
What are the Districts of the Cape South Coast Region?
```
Elgin,
Overberg,
Walker Bay,
Cape Agulhas,
Swellendam,
Plettenberg Bay,
Lower Duivenhoks River
```
34
Elgin District
Location and Natural features
Cape South Coast Region
Located along a basin nestled among the Hottentots-Holland Mountains, which separate it from the Stellenbosch Region
Atlantic Ocean
Elevation: 820-1300 ft
35
What are the major grapes of Elgin District?
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Semillon
Red: Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
36
Where was Elgin formerly. a ward of?
Overberg (2012)
37
Soil type of Elgin
Gravel, Clay, Shale and Sandstone
38
Major Producers of Elgin Distrit
```
Paul Cluver**
Iona Vineyards**
Oak Valley**
Richard Kershaw
Neil Ellis
```
39
Overberg District General
Overberg takes its name from its location in relation to Cape Town: over the Hottentot-Holland Mountains (over the berg)
The region sits between the Breede River to the east, the Riviersonderend Mountains to the north, and the Walker Bay region to the south
Overberg encompasses the Kogelberg Biosphere, one of the most biodiverse areas in the world
40
Major grapes of Overberg
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Semillon
Red: Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
41
What is Riesling called in Overberg?
Weisser Riesling
42
Major Natural Features of Overberg
Hottentots-Holland Mountains, Atlantic Ocean
43
What are the Wards within Overberg?
Elandskloof,
Greyton (Lismore Estate**)
Klein River (sandy soils, exciting new area)
Theewater
44
Major Producers of Overberg
```
Raka Wines (Klein River)**
Lismore**
Bouchard Finlayson
```
45
Walker Bay District General
Typified by its maritime climate which is one of the coolest regions in South Africa
Held in high regard for Burgundian-style Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, made alongside fresh, flinty Sauvignon Blanc
Most notable vineyards are found in the Hemel-en-Aarde valley which runs east-west
Antarctic Benguela current ensures that cold breezes refresh the grapes during the ripening season
46
What are the soils in Walker Bay known as?
Local soils are Bokkeveld Shale and Table Mountain sandstone, are marked by a high clay content, particularly in Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
47
Major Varietals of Walker Bay
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc
Red: Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Pinotage, Merlot
48
Major Natural Features of Walker Bay
Atlantic Ocean, Walker Bay, Bot River
49
What are the wards of Walker Bay?
```
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley,
Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge,
Upper Hemel-en-Aarde,
Bot River,
Sunday's Glen,
Standford Foothills
```
50
What is significant about the Hemel-en-Aarde Valley Ward?
Situated closest to the sea!
Bookeveld Shale and Table Mountain Sandstone are marked by a high clay content
The Onrust River runs through the valley
51
What is significant about the Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge Ward?
Furthest inland of the three Hemel-en-Aarde wards
The wider region is bordered on the north side by the Babylonstoren Mountains, and the south by the Kleinrivier Mountains
The Onrust River runs through the valley
The Antarctic Benguela current of the Atlantic Ocean brings cooling breezes predominantly from the southeast
52
What is significant about the Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Ward?
Situated in the middle between the other two Hemel-en-Aarde wards
53
What is significant about the Bot River Ward?
Area stretches from the Houw Hoek Pass in the north to the Bot River Lagoon in the south
Classically cool-climate region with breezes from the Walker Bay and the Bot River Lagoon
Surrounding Babylonstoren and Groenlandberg Mountains help to catch cloud cover and moisture in the valley
54
Major Producers of Bot River Ward
Luddite,
Wildekrans,
Beaumont Hope Marguerite,
Gabrielskloof
55
Major Producers of Walker Bay District
```
Hamilton Russel**
Bouchard Finlayson**
Ataraxia
Luddite
Crystallum,
Newton Johnson
```
56
Cape Agulhas District General
Wine producing region on the southern tip of South Africa
The cape is the official meeting point of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
57
What is the climate of the Cape Agulhas District?
Maritime
58
What is Cape Agulhas known for?
Racy Sauvignon Blanc and elegant, cool-climate Shiraz
59
What is the soil type of Cape Agulhas?
Laterite - known locally as koffeklip (coffee-stone)
Rich in iron and aluminum and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. High iron oxide content causes a rusty-red coloration
60
How does wind factor into the climate influence of Cape Agulhas?
Has both a positive and negative effect
Constant buffeting causes vines to produce smaller berries with thicker skins which translate to more flavor concentration creating more complex wines
Strong breezes can cause trouble for younger vines
Salty air can be an issue and if the level of salinity in the soil becomes to high, irrigation is needed to wash it away
61
What are the overarching soil types of Cape Agulhas?
Table Mountain Sandstone and Shale are mainstays of the region. Laterite, known locally as koffeklip (coffee-stone)
62
What are the Wards of Cape Agulhas?
Elim
63
Elim Ward
Small, cool-climate ward at the southern tip of the Western Cape in Cape Agulhas District
Flinty Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz (labeled Syrah by some producers)
Vineyards lie roughly 9 miles from the ocean
Humidity is high in Elim, which increases chances of fungal diseases in the vines
64
Major Producers of Cape Agulhas
```
Lomond**
Standveld**
Ghost Corner**
Flagstone Free Run
Hidden Valley Lands End
```
65
Swellendam District General
Major Natural Features: Langeberg Mountains, Breede (Bree) River
Climate: Mediterranean
66
Wards of Swellendam District
Buffeljags,
Stormsvlei,
Malgas** (Sjinn)
67
Major Producers of Swellendam
De Trafford Sjinn
Diverse winery which was planted to the Douro Grape varieties Touriga Nacional and Tricadeira, plus Mourvedre and Viognier from the Rhone?
68
Coastal Region - Synopsis
Located around the original colony of Cape Town on the western coast of the cape
Forms the heart of the South African wine industry
Accounts for nearly 50% of all of the area under vine in South Africa
Constantia Vineyard
69
Constantia Vineyard
Historic vineyard
Muscat de Frontignan
Eastern decomposed granite slopes of Constantiaberg
Sea Breezes from the False Bay
70
Producers of Constantia Vineyard
Five today
```
Groot Constantia
Klein Constantia
Buitenverwachting ("Beyond Expectations")
Constantia Uitsig
Steenberg
```
71
What are the Districts of the Coastal Region?
```
Stellenbosch,
Cape Town,
Paarl,
Tulbagh,
Darling,
Franshoeck Valley,
Wellington,
Swartland
```
72
What are the repealed designations of the Coastal Region
Cape Peninsula Region,
Tygerberg (no longer a district)
Cape Point District
73
Stellenbosch District General
Cabernet Sauvignon is the region's most widely planted grape and is often combined with Merlot
Simmonsberg Mountain in the north separates it from Paarl, while the Hottentot-Hollands Mountains on the east separate it from Walker Bay
Stellenbosch was established on the banks of the Eerste River in 1679
Notable for being the birthplace of Pinotage (Pinot Noir x Cinsault) in 1924
74
Wards of Stellenbosch
```
Devon Valley,
Jonkershoek Valley,
Papegaaiberg,
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch,
Bottelary,
Banhoek,
Polkadraai Hills
```
75
Unofficial areas of Stellenbosch
Helderberg,
| Stellenboschkloof
76
Varietals of Stellenbosch
White: Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Semillon
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage, Caberent Franc
Sparkling, Fortified and Dessert Wines
77
Soil and Major Natural Features of Stellenbosch
Granite and sandstone
False Bay, Simonsberg Mountains, Stellenbosch Mountains, Helderberg Mountains
78
Major Producers of Stellenbosch
```
Warwick Estate**
Meerlust**
Kanonkop,
De Toren,
Delaire Graffe Estate,
Rust en Vrede,
Ernie Els Wines
Annandale
```
79
Who bottles Trilogy?
Warwick Estate, Stellenbosch
Bordeaux Blend, CS, CF, Merlot
80
Who bottles Rubicon?
Meerlust, Stellenbosch
Bordeaux Blend - CS, Merlot, CF, Petit verdot
81
What is Kanonkop notable for?
Bottling Black Label Pinotage
Paul Sauer
82
Who bottles The Black Lion, Fusion V, and Expression Unique Book XVI?
De Toren
83
Constantia Estate
Established in 1685 by the second Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, Simon van der Stel
Klein Constantia,
Groot Constantia,
Bergvliet
84
What are the Wards of Cape Town District?
Constantia**
Hout Bay
Durbanville (Formerly in Tygerberg)
Philadelphia (Formerly in Tygerberg)
85
Constantia
Today known for cool-climate Sauvignon Blanc and Bordeaux Blends, along with dessert wines from Muscat Blanc
The region was decimated by phylloxera and powdery mildew in the 1860's and was largely forgotten until the 1980's
Vineyard stretches from low ground, all the way up to 1,300ft on south-eastern side of the Constantiaberg mountain
Soils: ancient deposits of decomposed granite, with a high clay content
86
What is Vin de Constance
Natural sweet wine from 100% Muscat de Frontignan aka Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
87
Constantia is a Ward of what district?
Cape Town
88
Major Varietals and Styles of Cape Town District
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling, Semillon, Chenin Blanc
Red: Cabernet Sauvginon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage
Vin de Constance (Constantia): Muscat de Frontignan
Sparkling wines
89
Where would you find flinty, herbaceous expressions of Sauvignon Blanc in Cape Town?
Durbanville
90
Major Producers of Cape Town
Altydgedacht
| Durbanville Hills
91
Paarl Synopsis
One of South Africa's most famous wine-producing regions
Franschhoek Valley can be found south-west of Paarl, and Stellenbosch lies just beyond the Simmonsberg Mountain, a large granite outcrop that forms a part of the Cape Fold Belt
Historic KWV headquarters were here
Annual Nederberg Wine Auction is held here!!!
Paarl's vineyards are on the lower slopes of Paarl Rock
Cap Classique Producers Association (1992) is located here
92
Who is the largest producer in Paarl
Nedergburg
93
What are the varietals and wine styles of Paarl District?
White: Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
Red: Cabernet Sauvginon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage
Sparkling, Fortified, Botrytis-affected Dessert Wines
94
Wards of Paarl District
Agter-Paarl,
Simonsberg-Paarl,
Voor-Paardeberg
95
Major Natural Features of Paarl
Berg River,
| Hawequa Mountains
96
Major Producers of Paarl
Nederburg (first house to produce botrytised dessesrt wine in SA)
Vilafonte,
Glen Carlou,
Bellingha
97
Tulbagh Synopsis
Method Cap Classique!
Shiraz is king in Tulbagh
Horseshoe-shaped valley, located north of Paarl, with Swartland bordering it to the west and north
Surrounded by the Winterhoek Mountains to the North, the Witsenberg Mountains to the east, and separated from the Atlantic by the Obiqua Mountains to the west
98
Tulbagh soil
sandstone and shale
99
Tulbagh Major Natural Features
Witzenberg Mountains, Groot Winterhoek Mountains, Obiekwaberg Mountains
100
Major Producers of Tulbagh
Tulbagh Mountain Vineyards**
Saronsberg**
Fable Mountain Vineyards
101
What is the significance of Twee Jonge Gezellen Estate?
Three century-old estate produces traditional method sparkling wines under the Krone Label in Tulbagh
102
What are the Wards of Tulbagh?
None
103
Darling District Synopsis
BUSH VINE SAUVIGNON BLANC
It lies only 7 miles to the east of the Atlantic and its moderately dry climate make the region unique for cool-climate Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz
Separated from Swartland in the WO scheme in 2003 after consensus that the wines produced here were distinct enough to merit acknowledgment
Influenced heavily by the Atlantic Ocean and Benguela current specifically
104
Wards of Darling District
Groenkloof Ward
Located at the southern end of the Darling district in the foothills of the Dassenberg mountain
Known for high-quality Sauvignon Blanc
Soils: Decomposed granite
Climate: Maritime
105
Producers of Groenkloof Ward
Neil Ellis
| Darling Cellars
106
Major Producers Darling District
```
Ormonde**
Tukulu**
Cloof Wine Estate
Darling Cellars
Neil Ellis
```
107
Franshoek Valley District
No Wards
'French Corner' in Dutch
Small valley that is home to some of South Africa's most famous wine estates
Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon are KEY grapes behind full-bodied red style of Franschhoek Valley
Cap Classique wines are also common from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
Wemmershoek Mountains to the North separate it from the Breede River Valley, the Groot Drakenstein and Franschhoek Mountains protect it from southern oceanic influences
Warm climate suited to production of heavy, robust red wines
108
Major Producers Franshoek Valley
Graham Beck Wines**
Boschendal Wines**
Boekenhoutskloof
109
Wellington District
Rolling hills and valleys provide a wide range of suitable sites for growers, fine examples of Pinotage and Chenin Blanc
Located north of Paarl at the divergence of the Berg and Komme Rivers
Vineyards stretch along the foothills of the Limietberg Mountains and Groenberg Mountains in the east
Important producer of young vines, the vast majority of South Africa's rootstocks come from plantings found on the alluvial river plains
110
Where is James Sedgwick single grain distillery located?
Wellington District, Coastal Region
111
Wards of Wellington District
```
Blouvlei,
Bovlei,
Groenberg,
Limietberg,
Mid-Berg River
```
112
Major Producers Wellington District
Diemersfontein**
Bain's Cape Mountain Single Grain Whisky
Napier Winery,
Bosman Family Vineyards
113
Swartland District Synopsis
Swartland is Dutch for 'Black Land', named for the native renosterbos (rhinoceros bush) that turns black after rain
Chenin Blanc and Shiraz are most important grapes
Swartland Independent Producers Quality Controls (SIP)
Malmesbury Shale is the dominant soil type
Mullineaux
114
Swartland Independent Producers Quality Controls (SIP)
Wines that carry the below logo must be grown, vinified, matured, and bottled entirely within the Swartland WO
Swartland Independent Producers must bottle at least 80% of their production under their own labels
SIP wines are fermented entirely with ambient yeasts. Yeast nutrient are prohibited
SIP wines are not acidulated, not do they contain added tannin
SIP wines may not be chemically fined, not may they undergo any concentration process (reverse osmosis, etc.)
Wines may be aged in only European Oak, with a maximum 25% new oak authorized
Wines must be bottled in a Burgundy-shaped bottle
115
Swartland Independent Producers Quality Controls (SIP) Members
```
A.A. Badenhorst Family Wines
Clayton Wines
Fram Wines
Dragonridge Wines
The Sadie Family Wines
```
116
Major Grapes and Wine Styles of Swartland
White: Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Semillon
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage
Sparkling, Dessert, and Fortified Styles
117
Swartland Wards
```
Malmbesbury,
Paardeberg,
Paardberg South,
Riebeekberg,
Riebeeksrivier,
St. Helena Bay
```
118
Major Producers Swartland
Sadie Family Wines
| A.A. Bradenhorst Family Wines
119
What is the BOBERG River Region?
Fortified wines from:
Tulbagh,
Wellington,
Franshoeck Valley,
Paarl
120
Klein Karoo Districts
Calitzdorp,
| Langeberg-Garcia
