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Spain and Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

In what year was Spain the greatest producer of wine?

A

2013

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2
Q

How many acres are under vine in Spain?

A

2.5 million, more than any other country.

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3
Q

What is the mountainous interior plateau of Spain called?

A

The Maseta

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4
Q

Which two countries comprise the Iberian peninsula?

A

Spain and Portugal

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5
Q

What geographical features form the border of Spain?

A

Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, Pyrenees Mountains, Mediterranean Sea

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6
Q

Which two mountain ranges influence the climate of Spain?

A

The Pyrenees and the Cantabrian

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7
Q

What three languages are spoken in their respective regions in Spain?

A

Galician, Basque, Catalan

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8
Q

What are the leading red and white grapes of Spain, and how much production do they account for, combined?

A

a) Tempranillo and Airen
b) 42%

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9
Q

What name does Tempranillo go by in a) greater Portugal and b) specially in the Douro?

A

a) Arragonez
b) Tinto Roriz

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10
Q

What is Tempranillo called in Rioja, Ribeira del Duero and Cigales?

A

a) Tempranillo
b) Tinto Fino
c) Tinto del Pais

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11
Q

What is Tempranillo called in Toro?

A

Tinto de Toro

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12
Q

What is Tempranillo called in Catalonia and La Mancha?

A

a) Ull de Llebre
b) Cencibel

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13
Q

What is mainly produced from Airen?

A

a) brandy
b) bulk wine

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14
Q

What is the lowest quality level of wine in Spain?

A

Vino de Mesa

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15
Q

What is the equivalent of IGP wine in Spain called and how many are there?

A

a) Vino de la Tierra
b) 42

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16
Q

What two designations are the equivalent of PDO level wine in Spain? How many are there?

A

a) DO (Denominacion de Origen)
DOCa (Denominacion de Origen Calificada)
b) 68 and 2

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17
Q

How many DOCa are there in Spain?

A

Rioja and Priorat (DOQ)

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18
Q

What does Vino de Pago mean?

A

A specific vineyard that has been singled out for its quality production in a region of generally lower quality

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19
Q

Which regions hold VCIG status in Spain?

A
  1. Cangus
  2. Valle de Benavente
  3. Valtiendas
  4. Sierra Salamanca
  5. Las Islas Canarias
  6. Cebreros
  7. Legrija
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20
Q

What does VCIG stand for and what does it mean?

A

a) Vino de Calidad con Indicacion Geographica
b) an up and coming region

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21
Q

What three terms can be used to indicated age in a PGI level wine in Spain?

A

Noble - 18 mo
Anejo - 24 mo
Viejo - 36 mo

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22
Q

What are the PDO level aging requirements for white wine in Spain? Include in barrel and total.

A

a) Crianza 6 | 18
b) Reserva 6 | 24
c) Gran Reserva 6 | 48

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23
Q

What are the PDO level aging requirements for red wine in Spain? Include in barrel and total.

A

a) Crianza 6 | 24
b) Reserva 12 | 36
c) Gran Reserva 18 | 60

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24
Q

What does “joven” mean in Spain and what is a synonym for it?

A

a) literally “young,” generally released the year after harvest
b) Generico

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25
Q

What is Green Spain?

A

The region of Galicia in the Northwest corner of Spain.

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26
Q

What are the three most celebrated DOs of Galicia and which grapes are they known for?

A

a) Rias Baixas - Albarino
b) Ribeira - Treixadura
c) Valdeorras - Godello, Mencia

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27
Q

What is the name of the river in Castilla Y Leon?

A

The Duero River

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28
Q

What 5 primary regions make up Castilla Y Leon?

A

1) Toro
2) Rueda
3) Bierzo
4) Cigales
5) Ribera del Duero

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29
Q

What two things is Toro known for?

A

a) high elevation (2000 asl)
b) Tinto de Toro or Tempranillo

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30
Q

What grape generally comprises Rueda Blanca and what else can it be made with?

A

a) Verdejo
b) Sauvignon Blanc

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31
Q

What is the climate of Bierzo?

A

transitional, influenced by Green Spain and the continental climate inland

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32
Q

What wines are mostly made in Cigales?

A

Red from Tinta del Pais, often blended with Garnacha

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33
Q

Which region of Castilla Y Leon is often considered on par with Rioja?

A

Ribera del Duero

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34
Q

When did Navarro lose its independencde?

A

1512 to the Castilian Empire

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35
Q

What style of wine is Navarro known for?

A

Rose

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36
Q

How long has Rioja been defined and when was it awarded DOCa status?

A

1787 and 1991

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37
Q

What three geographical features moderate the climate of RIoja?

A
  1. Cantabrian Mountains
  2. Ebro River
  3. Mediterranean Sea
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38
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Rioja?

A
  1. Rioja Alta (west, high altitude)
  2. Rioja Alavesa (north of the Ebro)
  3. Rioja Orientali (east, lower, formerly Baja)
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39
Q

What are the leading grapes in RIoja?

A

Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano and Viura

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40
Q

What jump started Rioja’s rise to prominence?

A

French winemakers settled there after their vineyards were devastated by Phylloxera

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41
Q

How is Rioja often aged?

A

For a lengthy time in 225 liter barrels made of American oak.

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42
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja in barrel, bottle and total?

A

Crianza: 12 mo | 24 mo
Reserva: 12 mo | 6 mo | 36 mo
Gran Reserva: 24 mo | 24 mo | 60 mo

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43
Q

What is the most well-known DO in Aragon and what does it produce?

A
  1. Somontano DO
  2. Many things, best known for intense Roses made from Garnacha
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44
Q

What is the climate in Catalonia?

A

Mediterranean

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45
Q

When was Priorat elevated to DOQ status?

A

2009

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46
Q

For what grape is Priorat best known?

A

Garnacha

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47
Q

Describe the soils of Priorat?

A

Llicorella–decomposed slate flecked with mica and other minerals

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48
Q

What are the major subregions of Catalonia?

A
  1. Priorat
  2. Taragona
  3. Monsant
  4. Costers del Segre
  5. Penedes
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49
Q

How much of Taragona’s output is white wine?

A

75%

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50
Q

When was Monsant made a DO and what does it grow?

A

a) 2001
b) Garnacha, Carenina, Ull de Llebre

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51
Q

Which DO in Catalonia is known for state-of-the-art technology and nontraditional winemaking?

A

Costers de Segre

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52
Q

What is the leading white grape in Penedes and what wine is it primarily known for?

A
  1. Xarel-lo
  2. Cava made from Xarel-lo, Macabeu, and Parellada
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53
Q

Where is Castilla-La Mancha?

A

On the central Meseta of Spain

54
Q

What can be found in Castilla-La Mancha?

A
  1. Windmills
  2. Airen and Cencibel
  3. Valdepenos Do
  4. 12 Vino de Pagos
55
Q

Why does Valdepenas produce better wine that the rest of Castilla-La Mancha?

A

Soils allow for better water retention.

56
Q

Where is Murcia located?

A

In the Levant (Eastern Coast) of Spain

57
Q

What 3 DOs can be found in Murcia and what grapes are they most known for?

A
  1. Yecla, Jumilla and Bullas
  2. Monastrall
58
Q

Where is Sherry made?

A

In Jerez, or Xeres, located in Andulusia between Cadiz and Seville

59
Q

What is the Sherry Triangle?

A

The towns of Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlucar de Barameda, and El Puerto de Santa Maria

60
Q

What are the major grapes of Sherry?

A
  1. Palamino
  2. Pedro Ximenez
  3. Moscatel
61
Q

Which grapes of Sherry thrive on which soils?

A
  1. Palamino - Albarizo (chalk/limestone)
  2. PX - Barrio (iron-oxide)
  3. Moscatel - Arena (sand)
62
Q

What are four broad categories of Sherry?

A
  1. Fino (biological)
  2. Oloroso (oxidative)
  3. Hybrid
  4. Dried Grape
63
Q

What does “rancio” mean?

A

Oxidized

64
Q

What does “soleo” mean?

A

The process of drying ripe grapes on straw mats to concentrate the sugars

65
Q

What does “en rama” mean?

A

Unfiltered and unfined

66
Q

What does “anada” mean?

A

Single vintage

67
Q

What are the main differences between Sherry and Montilla-Moriles?

A

Montilla-Moriles is east and further inland with a more continental climate. PX accounts for 70% of the plantings

68
Q

Where does 95% of Cava production take place?

A

In Catalonia, within the Comtats de Barcelona Zone, centered around the municipality of San Sadurni de Noya.

69
Q

When were the first bottlings of Cava?

A

1872

70
Q

Name three non-contiguous areas of Cava DO?

A
  1. Valle del Ebro
  2. Altos de Levante
  3. Vinos de Almendralejo
71
Q

What are Cream and Pale Cream Sherries?

A

An Oloroso or Fino, respectively, that’s been sweetened, sometiems with PX

72
Q

What is a Manzanilla?

A

Sherry matured in the seaside town of Sanlucar de Barameda, with a distinctive briny character.

73
Q

What is an Amontillado and a Palo Cortado?

A

a) an Amontillado begins as a fino sherry and is aged under flor, but loses its flor at some point and is then aged as an Oloroso.
b) a Palo Cortado also begins as a fino but develops little or no flor at all, so it’s then aged as an Oloroso

74
Q

What are the aging requirements for Cava?

A
  1. Cava - 9 mo lees
  2. Reserva - 18 mo lees
  3. Gran Reserva - 30 mo lees
  4. de Paraje Calificada - 36 mo lees
75
Q

What are five requirements for Cava de Guarda?

A
  1. Traceable from vine to bottle
  2. Maximum yields
  3. Vines must be 10 yrs
  4. Farmed organically
  5. Vintage dated
76
Q

What is Corpinnat?

A

An EU-recognized brand name and alternative to the Cava DO with its own set of standards

77
Q
A
78
Q

What are the borders of Portugal?

A

Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, Spain to the north and east.

79
Q

Describe the climate of Portugal.

A

a) North Coast - Maritime
b) South Coast - Mediterranean
c) Inland - Continental

80
Q

What are the primary grapes in red Port production?

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Cao

81
Q

Besides the principle grapes in Port, name 5 other important red varieties?

A

1) Jaen (Mencia)
2) Baga
3) Castalao (Periquita)
4) Alfrocheiro
5) Trincadeira

82
Q

What are the principle grapes in Madeira production?

A

Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia, Tinta Negra

83
Q

Besides those used in Madeira production, what are the important white grapes in Portugal?

A

1) Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes)
2) Alvarinho
3) Loureiro
4) Arinto
5) Encruzado

84
Q

What are the 3 levels of wine classification in Portugal?

A

1) Vinho
2) Vinho Regional
3) Denominacao de Origem Controlada

85
Q

How many VR and DOCs are there in Portugal currently?

A

14 and 31 respectively

86
Q

What VR and DOC are associated the wet, green part of Portugal?

A

Minho VR and Vino Verde DOC

87
Q

Describe a classic Vino Verde.

A

Tart, low alcohol, high acid, slightly petillant white wine

88
Q

Which region of Portugal was one of the first demarcated wine regions in the world, and when did that happen?

A

a) The Douro
b) 1756

89
Q

What is the difference between Douro DOC and Porto DOC?

A

While geographically identical, Douro produces unfortified wines based on native varieties, while Porto produces sweet fortified wines.

90
Q

Wines based on international varieties in the Douro region must be released as what?

A

Duriense VR

91
Q

What are the three subregions of the Douro, and what are they each known for?

A

1) Baixo Corgo - lighter styles of Port
2) Cima Corgo - quality port
3) Douro Superior - unfortified wine

92
Q

Which fortified wine can be released under the Douro DOC?

A

Moscatel de Douro

93
Q

What varietals are generally used in white Port production?

A

Gouveio and Malvasia Fina

94
Q

What is the vineyard ranking system associated with Port production called and how many factors does it consider?

A

a) the cadastro
b) 12

95
Q

What is the “beneficio” authorization?

A

maximum amount of wine that’s allowed to produced as Port in that year

96
Q

What are “lagares”?

A

Large troughs traditionally used to foot crush grapes

97
Q

To what ABV is wine initially fortified in Port production?

A

19% - 22%

98
Q

Traditionally, young Port was placed into _______________ and sent down river to the city of ________________ in ornate, flat-bottomed boats known as ____________________.

A

a) pipes
b) Oporto
c) barcos rabelos

99
Q

What city did the Port trade shift to in the 1800s?

A

Vila Nova de Gaia

100
Q

What is the simplest style of Port and how is it made?

A

a) Ruby
b) aged in large oak casks for about 2 years

101
Q

What is a reserve Port?

A

A blend of premium rubies aged in oak vats for 4-6 years.

102
Q

What does LBV stand for and how is it made?

A

a) Late Bottle Vintage
b) Wine from a single year is aged in oak for 4-6 years, filtered and ready for consumption after bottling

103
Q

What does the age indication on a bottle of Tawny Port mean?

A

It’s the average age of the wines in the blend.

104
Q

What is a Tawny Port?

A

A ruby Port that’s been aged long enough to develop browning and oxidative characteristics–sometimes for decades.

105
Q

What is the rarest and most expensive style of Port?

A

Vintage

106
Q

Who must approve a vintage Port and when must the producer declare and bottle?

A

a) Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto
b) July 30 of the third year after harvest

107
Q

Why is Single Quinta Port sometimes controversial?

A

It’s sometimes comprised of wine from a single vineyard and released in years that weren’t declared as vintages for the entire estate.

108
Q

Name two recent Single Quinta Vintage releases?

A

1) Dow’s Quinta do Bomfim
2) Taylor’s Quinta de Terra Feita

109
Q

Which Port was released in 2008 and introduced a new style for modern consumers of Port?

A

Croft Pink, a rose.

110
Q

What is a single vintage Tawny Port and how long must it age in cask?

A

a) Colheita
b) 7 years

111
Q

Where is Madeira located?

A

400 miles off the coast of Morocco

112
Q

Where can Madeira DOC be produced?

A

On the island of Madeira or the neighboring island of Porto Santo.

113
Q

What VR and DOC produces unfortified wines in Madeira and Porto Santo?

A

a) Madeirense DOC
b) Terras Maderienses VR

114
Q

At what elevations are the noble grapes of Madeira planted?

A

a) Sercial - halfway up the mountain
b) Verdelho - a little lower
c) Boal and Malvasia closer to sea level

115
Q

What is considered the high quality method of Madeira production?

A

The Canteiro method, where wine is placed in cask and stored in the attic of an uncooled warehouse for a minimum of two years.

116
Q

What is another name for the estuphagem method and what does it entail?

A

a) cuba de calor
b) wine is placed in a stainless steel vat and submerged in water heated to 113-122 degrees for at least 3 months, then rested for 90 days before being transferred to oak casks.

117
Q

What is considered an in between production method for Madeira, mostly used by the Madeira Wine Company?

A

Armazem de Calor, where wine is left in vats in a room heated by steam to over 120 degrees for 6 months to 1 year.

118
Q

What is Rainwater?

A

A stylistic labeling term that denotes and off-dry, lighter style of Madeira.

119
Q

Besides Rainwater, what other stylistic terms might be found on a Madeira label?

A

a) Colheita - single vintage, aged in cask 5 years
b) Age Indication - tasted and approved by a panel
c) Frasqueira - vintage, aged in cask 20 years

120
Q

What red grape is Bairrada DOC known for?

A

Baga

121
Q

What types of wines are produced in Dao DOC?

A

Complex red blends

122
Q

Which DOC in Lisboa is for brandy instead of wine?

A

Lourinha DOC

123
Q

What is the principle white grape in Lisboa?

A

Arinto

124
Q

Where is the Colares DOC, why is it distinctive and what are the principle red and white grapes?

A

a) Lisboa
b) Vineyards planted in sand with sand dunes as windbreaks
c) Ramisco and Malvasia

125
Q

Which region of Portugal is a significant producer of VR wine as well as Vinho?

A

Tejo

126
Q

What wine is the Peninsula de Setubal known for?

A

Vin Doux Naturels produced from Muscat of Alexandria

127
Q

What is the DOC for dry red wines based on Castelao, located on the Peninsula de Setubal?

A

Palmela DOC

128
Q

What is the DOC associated with the Alentejano region and what are its main grapes?

A

a) Alentejo DOC
b) Aragonez, Trincadero and Alicante Bouschet

129
Q

What are the 4 DOCs of Algarve?

A

1) Lagos
2) Portimao
3) Lagoa
4) Tavira

130
Q

What are the DOCs and VR of the Azores?

A

a) Biscoitos DOC
b) Graciosa DOC
c) Pico DOC
d) Azores VR

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