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France Flashcards

1
Q

What city did the Romans conquer that facilitated the spread of viticulture?

A

Gaul

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2
Q

What role did Christian monasteries play in the development of wine-making in Burgundy?

A

Rich patrons donated vineyards to monasteries seeking divine favor; monks such as the Benedictines and Cistercians took a scientific approach growing grapes and making wine.

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3
Q

What watershed event occurred in the 12th century that elevated the Bordeaux region to prominence?

A

The marriage of Eleanor of Acquitaine to Henry II.

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4
Q

What factor originally spurred significant wine production in the Loire Valley?

A

The Loire Valley was the home of French Nobility in the Middle Ages.

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5
Q

What type of wines were Champagne known for in the 1600?

A

Still Pinot Noirs.

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6
Q

What historical/political factor makes Alsace unique?

A

Alsace alternated between German and French control.

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7
Q

What is the major topographical feature within the country of France?

A

The Massif Central (central highlands)

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8
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in France?

A

Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano Toscano)
200,000 acres in vine
Used almost exclusively for making brandy.

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9
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in France?

A

Merlot
250,000 acres under vine.

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10
Q

What are the three quality levels of wine in France?

A

1) Vin (Vin de table)
2) Vin de Pays (IGP)
3) Appellation d’Origine Controllee (AOP)

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11
Q

What percentage of grapes in a French IGP wine must come from the delimited region on the label?

A

85%

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12
Q

Approximately how much French wine is AOC level?

A

Just under 50%

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13
Q

What is the best known IGP in France?

A

Pays d’Oc (Langedoc-Roussillon)
Others include Val de Loire (Loire Valle and Chablis), Mediterranee (Provence, Southeast) and Comte Tolosan (Southwest)

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14
Q

Describe the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Cool Maritime

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15
Q

Name two influences that moderate the climate of Bordeaux?

A

The Landes forest and the Gulf Stream.

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16
Q

Name two important rivers in Bordeaux.

A

The Garonne and the Dordogne, both of which flow into the Gironde Estuary.

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17
Q

What is the region North of the city of Bordeaux called?

A

Medoc

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18
Q

What is the region South of the city of Bordeaux called?

A

Graves

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19
Q

What is the major city on the Right Bank of Bordeaux?

A

Libourne

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20
Q

What are the main red grapes of Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec, Petit Verdot, Carmenere

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21
Q

What are the main white grapes of Bordeaux?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle
Also Sauvignon Gris, Colombard, Ugni Blanc and Merlot Blanc

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22
Q

In April of 2021, which 6 grapes were approved for limited use in Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Superieur AOC?

A

Touriga Nationial, Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Albarino and Lilorila.

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23
Q

Why is Cabernet more suit to the Left Bank of Bordeaux?

A

The Left Bank has gravel soils, which help with drainage but also heat retention, which Cabernet needs in order to fully ripen.

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24
Q

What sub-regions of Bordeaux are known for the following styles of wine?

a) Cabernet-based blends
b) Merlot-based blends
c) Dry white wines
d) Sweet white wines

A

a) Left Bank (Medoc, Graves)
b) Right Bank (St. Emilion, Pomerol)
c) Entre-Deux-Mers, Grave)
d) Sauterne (also Cadillac, Loupiac)

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25
Q

What percentage of Bordeaux wine production is red wine?

A

85%

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26
Q

What are the 3 large, general appellations in Bordeaux?

A

1) Bordeaux AOC
2) Bordeaux Superieur AOC
3) Cremant de Bordeaux AOC

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27
Q

What is the minimum amount of residual sugar required in Bordeaux Superieur AOC?

A

1.7%

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28
Q

What are the two subregions of the Medoc?

A

The Medoc and Haute-Medoc

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29
Q

What are the six communal appellations of the Medoc?

A

1) Saint-Estephe
2) Pauillac
3) Saint-Julien
4) Margaux
5) Listrac-en-Medoc
6) Moulis-en-Medoc

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30
Q

What are the appellations in Graves that produce dry wines?

A

1) Graves
2) Graves Superieures
2) Pessac-Leognan

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31
Q

What are the appellations in Graves that produce sweet wines?

A

1) Sauternes
2) Cerons
3) Barsac

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32
Q

What are the five sub-zones of the Cotes de Bordeaux?

A

1) Blaye
2) Cadillac
3) Castillon
4) Francs
5) St. Foy

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33
Q

Name the two most famous appellations of the Right Bank?

A

1) Saint-Emilion
2) Pomerol

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34
Q

What are the four “satellite” appellations of Saint-Emilion?

A

1) Lussac
2) Montagne
3) Puisseguin
4) St. George

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35
Q

What are five Right Bank appellations that might offer value compared to St. Emilion and Pomerol?

A

1) Bourg
2) Blaye
3) Lalande-de-Pomerol
4) Fronsac
5) Canon-Fronsac

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36
Q

What is a “Chateau” in Bordeaux?

A

Literally a grand “country house,” refers today to any wine producer with or without a castle, with or without land.

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37
Q

What are “negociants” in Bordeaux?

A

“Middlemen” who buy juice or wine from small growers and producers and blend under their own label.

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38
Q

What does “en primeur” mean?

A

Literally “in futures.” This refers to wine in Bordeaux that is sold before it is bottled and long before it is drinkable.

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39
Q

When did the most famous ranking of producers in Bordeaux take place?

A

1855 in preparation for the Universal Exhibition in Paris.

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40
Q

How many producers were ranked in the 1855 Classification?

A

61 red wines divided into 5th crus or “growths”

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41
Q

What were the original four 1st growths in Bordeaux?

A

Chateau Lafite-Rothschild, Haut-Brion, Latour and Margaux.

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42
Q

Which Chateau was elevated to a 1st growth in Bordeaux in 1973?

A

Mouton-Rothschild

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43
Q

What are “super seconds” in Bordeaux?

A

A few 2nd growths that have established a reputation on par with the 1st. Chateaux Cos d’Estournel, Montrose and Pichon Longueville Baron are examples.

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44
Q

What sweet wine was ranked as a superior 1st growth in the 1855 Classification?

A

Chateau d’Yquem

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45
Q

How many sweet wines were ranked as a) 2nd growth b) 1st growth and c) superior 1st growth in 1855

A

a) 15
b) 11
c) 1

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46
Q

Which famous wine region has no classification system?

A

Pomerol

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47
Q

What is the classification system in Graves?

A

a) only one wine, Haut-Brion, was included in the 1855 classification.
b) Chateaux were classified in 1953 and again in 1959, and included 16 producers.
c) Cru Classe is the only level.

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48
Q

What wine in Graves is included in two classifications?

A

Haut-Brion: 1st Growth and Cru Classe

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49
Q

Describe the classification system in St.-Emilion.

A

a) two categories, Grand Cru Classe and Premier Grand Cru Classe, which is further divided in A and B
b) requires reclassification every 10 years.
c) due to controversy, several prestigious producers, including Cheval-Blanc, Ausone and Angelu have decided not to submit applications going forward.

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50
Q

What is the longest river in France?

A

Loire River

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51
Q

What is the total production (in cases) of wine in the Loire Valley?

A

45 million cases

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52
Q

How much of Loire wine production is AOC level?

A

75%

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53
Q

What are the four subregions of the Loire Valley?

A
  1. Pays Nantais
  2. Anjou-Saumur
  3. Touraine
  4. Upper Loire
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54
Q

What climate does Pays Nantais have?

A

Maritime

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55
Q

What climate does the Upper Loire have?

A

Continental

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56
Q

What are the major white grapes in the Loire Valley?

A

White: Melon de Bourgogne, Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc

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57
Q

List four minor white grapes in the Loire Valley?

A

Arbois, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Folle Blanche

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58
Q

In what major appellation is Melon de Bourgogne the star?

A

Muscadet AOC

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59
Q

What are the 3 Muscadet sub-appellations?

A

Sevre et Maine, Coteaux de la Loire, Cotes de Grandlieu

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60
Q

What is another name for Chenin Blanc in the Loire Valley?

A

Pineau de la Loire

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61
Q

What factors make Chenin Blanc susceptible to Botrytis?

A

Thin skin, also the humidity of the Loire Valley

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62
Q

What are the two most famous appellations for Chenin Blanc in the Loire Valley?

A

Vouvray and Savennieres

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63
Q

What are the two most famous appellations for Sauvignon Blanc in the Loire Valley?

A

Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume

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64
Q

What is the local name for Cabernet Franc in the Loire Valley?

A

Breton

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65
Q

What is the local name for Malbec in the Loire Valley?

A

Cot

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66
Q

What is the marketing term for sparkling wine in the Loire Valley made in the traditional method.

A

Fines Bulles (fine bubbles)

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67
Q

What Loire Valley appellation is known for its Cabernet Franc?

A

Chinon

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68
Q

What Loire Valley appellation is known for Pinot Noir production?

A

Sancerre

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69
Q

What grape is generally used in sparkling wine production in the Loire Valley?

A

Chenin Blanc

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70
Q

What is the IGP that covers the Loire Valley?

A

IGP Val de Loire

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71
Q

What production technique is often used in the making of Muscadet?

A

aging sur lies

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72
Q

What is the most famous AOC in Anjou-Saumur?

A

Savennieres

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73
Q

Describe 5 general styles of wine produced in Anjou-Saumur?

A
  1. Red wine made from Cab Franc and/or Cab Sauvignon
  2. White wine from Chenin with up to 20% Sauv Blanc or Chardonnay
  3. Sparkling wine labeled Mousseux
  4. Sparkling wine labeled Petillant
  5. Red wine from Gamay
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74
Q

List three rose appellations in the Loire, from driest to sweetest.

A
  1. Rose de Loire (blend, also Touraine)
  2. Rose d’Anjou (Grolleau)
  3. Cabernet d’Anjou (Cab Franc and Sauv)
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75
Q

What are the 3 appellations in Anjou best know for sweet wines?

A

Coteaux du Layon, Bonnezeax and Quarts de Chaume

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76
Q

What is the other name for Chenin Noir in the Loire Valley?

A

Pineau d’Aunis

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77
Q

What kind of wine is made in Saumur-Champigny?

A

Spicy red made from Cabernet Franc

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78
Q

Where do most grapes used for the Central Loire appellation Cremant de Loire come from?

A

Saumur

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79
Q

What is the region of Saumur mostly known for?

A

Sparkling wine - Saumur Mousseux

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80
Q

Name three appellations that make wine similar in quality to Sancerre?

A

Menetou-Salon, Quincy, Reuilly

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81
Q

What type of soils can be found in Sancerre and Pouilly- Fume?

A

Chalk/Limestone and Flint, respectively

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82
Q

What wines are grown in the Cheverny AOC?

A

Whites based on Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris;
Reds and Roses made with Pinot Noir and Gamay

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83
Q

What styles of Chenin Blanc are produced in Vouvray?

A

Dry, off-dry, sweet, still, sparkling

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84
Q

What appellation makes wine similar to that of Vouvray?

A

Montlouis-sur-Loire

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85
Q

What two appellations make wine similar to Chinon?

A

Bourgueil and St.-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil

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86
Q

What whitegrape is Touraine AOC generally made from?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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87
Q

What was the first country to intentionally replicate a second fermentation in the bottle by adding sugar?

A

England

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88
Q

Who is Dom Perignon?

A

A monk responsible for creating improvements in making sparkling wine in the traditional method.

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89
Q

Champagne is responsible for what percentage of the world’s sparkling wine production?

A

18% (32 million cases per year)

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90
Q

How many acres are under vine in Champagne?

A

84,500

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91
Q

Why is the Champagne region well suited to sparkling wine production?

A

The northerly, marginal climate causes high levels of acidity in the grapes.

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92
Q

What are the five main subregions in Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cote des Blancs
Cote de Sezanne
Cote des Bar

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93
Q

For what two subsoils is Champagne known? Why are they significant?

A

Chalk and limestone rich marl.
These soils allow roots to dig deep, providing good water retention but also drainage. They also moderate temperature.
*Also Kimmeridgian marl (Cote des Bar), which contains fossilized marine deposits and provides heat retention/reflection.

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94
Q

What are the major grape varieties in Champagne?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Meunier

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95
Q

What are the four minor grape varieties in Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Petit Meslier and Arbane

96
Q

What wine from what house emphasizes the minor grapes of Champagne?

A

Le Nombre d’Or by House of Aubry

97
Q

Which grape is best suited for the following subregions of Champagne:
Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cote des Blancs
Cote de Sezanne
Cote des Bar

A

1) Pinot Noir, but varied
2) Meunier
3) Chardonnay
4) Chardonnay
5) Pinot Noir

98
Q

What does “marc” mean in Champagne production?

A

Comes from “marchier,” meaning to trample.
The measurement for the quantity of grapes allowed in the press.
Equivalent to 4000 kg.

99
Q

What is the maximum amount of juice that can be extracted per marc in Champagne?

A

25.5 hectoliters (675 gallons)

100
Q

What are the two categories of juice that comes from the press in Champagne?

A

Cuvee - free run and first light pressings
Taille - juice from the next set of pressings, used primarily for demi-sec or extra dry. Only 5 hectolitres are allowed per marc.

101
Q

What is juice from the 3rd pressing called in Champagne?

A

“Rebeche”
Can only be used for still wine, spirits, vinegar, or a vin de liqueur called Ratafia de Champagne.

102
Q

What are the still base wines used in Champagne production called?

A

Vins clairs

103
Q

What is the earliest date Champagne can be bottled and sealed?

A

January 1st, following the harvest.

104
Q

How long must nonvintage Champagne be aged, on and off the lees?

A

15 months, including 12 months on the lees.

105
Q

What is the French word for riddling?

A

Remuage

106
Q

What is another term for dosage?

A

Liqueur d’expedition

107
Q

What does Blanc de Noirs mean?

A

White Champagne made from red grapes.

108
Q

What does Blanc de Blanc mean?

A

White Champagne made from white grapes, generally Chardonnay.

109
Q

How is Rose Champagne made?

A

Short maceration or often by blending up to 20% red wine into the cuvee.

110
Q

How is Champagne classified and what term is used?

A

By village, echelle des crus, subdivided into grand and premier crus.

111
Q

How many grand and premier crus exist in Champagne?

A

17 and 42, respectively

112
Q

How many AOCs does Champagne have?

A
  1. Champagne AOC (sparkling)
  2. Coteaux Champenois (still)
  3. Rose des Riceys (rose Pinot Noir made in Riceys)
113
Q

What is a grower Champagne and how are is it designated on the label?

A

A producer who grows its own grapes; RM (Recoltant-Manipulant) will appear on the label.

114
Q

In Alsace, what is the only red grape permitted in AOC wines?

A

Pinot Noir

115
Q

What are the primary, or “noble” grapes in Alsace?

A

Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris and Muscat. (Pinot Blanc is also grown in significant quantities.)

116
Q

What are the three types of appellations in Alsace?

A

Alsace AOC, Alsace Grand Cru AOC, and Cremant d’Alsace

117
Q

What appellation in Alsace allows Chardonnay?

A

Cremant d’Alsace

118
Q

Varietal wines in Alsace can be made from which 10 grapes?

A

Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Muscat, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Sylvaner, Auxerrois, Chasselas, Klevener de Heiligentstein

119
Q

How many acres are under vine in Alsace?

A

38,300

120
Q

How many growers are there in Alsace?

A

4930

121
Q

How many cases of wine does Alsace produce per year?

A

12.3 million

122
Q

What is the climate of Alsace?

A

Sunny and dry in comparison to the rest of Northern France.

123
Q

What geographical feature moderates the climate in Alsace?

A

The Vosges Moutains, which create a rain shadow effect.

124
Q

What are the two main regions of Alsace?

A

Haut-Rhin to the south and Bas-Rhin to the north.

125
Q

How many Grand Crus are in Alsace and where are the majority located?

A

51, Haut-Rhin

126
Q

Cremant comprises what percentage of Alsatian wine production?

A

23%

127
Q

What is Alsatian wine at the IGP level called?

A

Nothing. There is no IGP level; wines that don’t meet AOC requirements must be declassified as “wine.”

128
Q

What does “Edelzwicker” mean in Alsace?

A

A blend of white varietals.

129
Q

What does “Gentil” mean in Alsace?

A

A white blend comprised of more than 50% noble grapes.

130
Q

What varietals may be used in “Pinot d’Alsace”?

A

Pinot Blanc, Gris, Noir or Auxerrois–must be a white wine.

131
Q

What is the term for late-harvest wine in Alsace?

A

Vendage Tardive

132
Q

What is the term for wine made with Botrytis-affected grapes in Alsace?

A

Selection de grains nobles

133
Q

What two historical factors contributed to the segmentation of vineyards in Burgundy?

A
  1. Napoleanic Code
  2. French Revolution
134
Q

How does the volume and acreage of Burgundy compare to that of Bordeaux?

A

About a quarter.
71.500 acres
17 million cases annually

135
Q

Splintered vineyards gave rise to what profession in Burgundy?

A

The negociants.

136
Q

What are the 4 main regions of Burgundy?

A

Chablis, Cote D’Or, the Cote Chalonnaise and the Maconnais

137
Q

What factors influence the climate of Chablis?

A

Northerly latitude (closer to Champagne than the rest of Burgundy)
Kimmeridgian Marl

138
Q

What city is located just north of the Cote D’Or

A

Dijon

139
Q

What river runs parallel to the Cote D’Or?

A

Saone River

140
Q

The Cote D’Or is divided into what two subregions?

A

The Cote de Nuits to the North and the Cote de Beaune to the South.

141
Q

What are the key cities located in the Cote de Nuits and the Cote de Beaune?

A

Nuits-St.-Georges and Beaune, respectively.

142
Q

How do the climates and geography of the Cote Chalonnaise and the Maconnais compare to that of the Cote d’Or?

A

Further south, moderated by the Mediterranean, less limestone.

143
Q

What are the two major grapes in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

144
Q

What are two minor grapes in Burgundy?

A

Aligote and Gamay

145
Q

What are five rare grapes found in Burgundy?

A

Cesar, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris.

146
Q

What are “climats”?

A

Distinct plot of land that exhibit different terroir in Burgundy

147
Q

How are wines classified in Burgundy?

A

The highest-ranking vineyards are classified as Grand Cru (great growth) or Premier Cru (first growth). Grand Crus are each given their own AOC

148
Q

How many Grand and Premier Crus can be found in Burgundy?

A

33 Grand Crus and over 600 Premier Crus

149
Q

Describe labeling practices in Burgundy.

A
  1. Grand Crus have their own AOC, which will be listed on the label.
    2) Premier Crus may state that on the label but use the appellation of their commune.
    3) Wine that aren’t Grand or Premier Cru may list the name of their vineyard if all grapes are sourced from that vineyard.
    4) Many communes append the name of their most famous vineyard to the name.
150
Q

What are villages called in Burgundy?

A

Communes

151
Q

How many appellations exist in Burgundy?

A

Over 80

152
Q

What appellations cover the entire Burgundy region?

A
  1. Bourgogne AOC (14 sub-appellations, including Bourgogne Cote D’Or, La Chapelle Notre-Dame and Tonnerre)
  2. Cremant de Bourgogne
  3. Bourgogne Aligote
153
Q

What grapes are permitted in Chablis?

A

Chardonnay

154
Q

How many Grand Crus are located in Chablis?

A

Only 1, divided into 7 subplots.

155
Q

What are 7 subregions of Chablis Grand Cru?

A
  1. Les Clos
  2. Vaudesir
  3. Bougros
  4. Blanchot
  5. Les Preuses
  6. Valmur
  7. Grenouilles
156
Q

What is the third main appellation of Chablis, located in areas with less desirable soils?

A

Petit Chablis

157
Q

Who many Premier Crus are located in Chablis?

A

40

158
Q

What are 5 well-known Premier Crus in Chablis?

A
  1. Fourchaume
  2. Montee de Tonnerre
  3. Vaillons
  4. Mont de Milieu
  5. Vogros
159
Q

How much wine production in the Cote de Nuits is comprised of Pinot Noir?

A

90%

160
Q

How many Grand Crus are located in the Cote d’Or?

A

33 - 24 in the Cote de Nuits and 8 in the Cote de Beaune

161
Q

What is the only Grand Cru vineyard in the Cote de Nuits that permits white wine production?

A

Musigny

162
Q

What are the commune appellations of the Cote de Nuits?

A
  1. Marsannay
  2. Fixin
  3. Gevrey-Chambertin
  4. Morey-St.-Denis
  5. Chambolle-Musigny
  6. Vougeot
  7. Vosne-Romanee
  8. Nuits-St.-Georges
163
Q

What are the 4 best-known Grand Crus in the Cote De Nuits?

A
  1. Chambertin
  2. Musigny
  3. Clos de Vougeot
  4. Romanee-Conti
164
Q

How much production in the Cote de Beaune is comprised of white wine production?

A

Just over 50%

165
Q

Which Grand Cru in the Cote de Beaune produces mostly red wine?

A

Corton

166
Q

What are the 9 primary communes of the Cote de Beaune?

A
  1. Aloxe-Corton
  2. Pernand-Vergelesses
  3. Beaune
  4. Pommard
  5. Volnay
  6. Meursault
  7. Puligny-Montrachet
  8. Chassagne-Montrachet
  9. Ladoix-Serrigny
167
Q

What town is the Cote Chalonnaise named after?

A

Chalon-sur-Saone

168
Q

What appellation in Burgundy produces 100% Aligote?

A

Bouzeron

169
Q

What are the 5 communal AOCs in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A
  1. Rully
  2. Bouzeron
  3. Mercurey
  4. Givry
  5. Montagny
170
Q

Describe the appellations in the Maconnais.

A
  1. Macon AOC covers the entire region.
  2. 27 villages can append their name to the region’s name, such as Macon-Lugny.
  3. Macon-Villages (100% Chardonnay)
  4. 5 specific white-wine only AOCs
171
Q

What are the 5 white-wine only specific AOC in the Maconnais?

A
  1. Pouilly-Fuisse
  2. St.-Veran
  3. Pouilly-Loche
  4. Pouilly-Vinzelles
  5. Vire-Clesse
172
Q

What well-known Grand Cru vineyard has over 80 owners in Burgundy?

A

Clos de Vougeot

173
Q

What is the size of the average grower’s holding in Burgundy?

A

15 acres

174
Q

Name 3 AOCs in the Yonne Department?

A
  1. Vezelay AOC - 100% Chardonnnay
  2. Irancy AOC - Pinot Noir with up to 10$ Cesar or Pinot Gris
  3. St.-Bris AOC - Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvigon Gris
175
Q

About how many cases are produced in Beaujolais annually?

A

9.4 million

176
Q

What kind of soil can be found in Beaujolais?

A

Granitic

177
Q

How much Beaujolais production is comprised of Gamay?

A

95%

178
Q

What other minor grapes are produced in Beaujolais?

A

Aligote, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Melon de Bourgogne and Pinot Gris.

179
Q

When is Beaujolais Nouveau released?

A

The third Thursday of November after the harvest.

180
Q

How many appellations are found in Beaujolais?

A

11–Beaujolais AOC and the 10 villages designated as Crus.

181
Q

How many villages can add Beaujolais-Villages on their labels, but not the specific village name.

A

38

182
Q

What are the ten Beaujolais Crus and their styles?

A

Structured, age-worthy:
Morgon, Moulin-a-vent, Chenas
Lighter, floral: Fleurie, Chiroubles, St.-Amour
Full-bodied: Brouilly, Coe de Brouilly, Julienas, Regnie

183
Q

What production method is closely associated with Beaujolais?

A

Carbonic Maceration

184
Q

What are the primary subregions of the Rhone Valley?

A

Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone

185
Q

How many cases of wine does the Rhone Valley produce annually?

A

37 million

186
Q

What are the cities at the top and bottom of the Rhone Valley?

A

Lyon to the North and Avignon to the South.

187
Q

Describe the climate and terrain of the Northern Rhone.

A

Steep, terraced slopes–as steep as 55 degrees. Continental climate with some moderating influence from the Mediterranean. Mistral wind.

188
Q

Describe the climate and terrain of the Southern Rhone.

A

Lowlands, Mediterranean climate, Mistral wind, galets help with heat retention.

189
Q

What are the four varietals of the Northern Rhone?

A

Syrah, Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne

190
Q

What are the primary red grapes of the Southern Rhone?

A

Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Carignan

191
Q

What are the primary white grapes in the Southern Rhone?

A

Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne, Muscat

192
Q

How much wine production in the Rhone Valley is dedicated to White and Rose wine?

A

5% and 9%

193
Q

Which appellation in the Northern Rhone requires 100% Syrah?

A

Cornas

194
Q

What wines can be blended with Syrah in several red wine appellations in the Northern Rhone?

A

A small amount of Viognier in Cote-Rotie, Marsanne/Roussanne for the others

195
Q

Which two Rhone appellations make 100% Viognier?

A

Condrieu and Chateau-Grillet

196
Q

What wines are produced in Saint-Peray?

A

Still and sparkling wines from Marsanne/Roussanne

197
Q

How much production in the Rhone Valley is the Southern Rhone responsible for?

A

95%

198
Q

What are the two broader appellations covering the Rhone Valley?

A

Cote du Rhone and Cote du Rhone-Villages

199
Q

How many villages are included in the Cote du Rhone-Villages appellation; and, of these, how many are permitted to append their own name?

A

90 and 22

200
Q

Which Southern Rhone appellation produces exclusively Rose wine?

A

Tavel

201
Q

How many grapes are permitted in Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

13 (or 18, including mutations)

202
Q

What two Rhone appellations are known for sweet wines, and what do they make?

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise (vin doux natural based on Muscat) and Rasteau (vin doux natural based on Grenache)

203
Q

Name five appellations in the Southern Rhone besides CDP that produce bold red wines?

A

Gigondas, Lirac, Rasteau, Cairanne and Vacqueryras

204
Q

What two styles of wine are produced in Clairette de Die?

A

Sparkling wine made in both the traditional and ancestral methods.

205
Q

What grapes are used in the production of Cremant de Die?

A

Clairette, Muscat and Aligote

206
Q

Which Southern Rhone appellation makes still white wine from 100% Clairette?

A

Coteaux de Die

207
Q

What wines are produced in Chatillon-en-Diois?

A

Dry whites from Chardonnay and Aligote; Roses and Reds from Pinot Noir, Gamay and Syrah

208
Q

Names six appellations located in the hills to the east and the west of the Rhone River.

A
  1. Ventoux
  2. Costieres de Nimes
  3. Luberon
  4. Duche d’Uzes
  5. Cotes de Vivarais
    6.Clairette de Bellegarde
209
Q

Where is the Sud-Ouest located?

A

South and Southeast of Bordeaux.

210
Q

What IGP covers the Southwest of France?

A

Comte Tolosan IGP

211
Q

What major red grapes grow in the Sud-Ouest?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Syrah, Gamay, Malbec, Tannat

212
Q

What white grapes grow in the Sud-Ouest?

A

Petit Manseng, Gros Manseng, Mauzac, Arrufiac.

213
Q

What AOC is known for “black wine” produced with Malbec?

A

Cahors AOC

214
Q

What AOC is known for wine produced with Tannat?

A

Madiran AOC

215
Q

What is Jurancon AOC known for?

A

Dry and Sweet wines made with Petit and Gros Manseng.

216
Q

What major areas comprise Southern France?

A

Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence and Corsica

217
Q

Which IGP is associated with Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Pays d’Oc IGP

218
Q

What is Vermentino called in Languedoc-Rouissillon?

A

Rolle

219
Q

What is a well-known AOC for white wine in Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Picpoul de Pinet AOC

220
Q

Which two appellations in Languedoc-Rouissillon are known for their G-S-M blends?

A

Corbieres AOC and Minervois AOC

221
Q

What is one of the oldest AOCs in Languedoc-Roussillon that produces wines from Grenache and Carignan.

A

Fitou AOC

222
Q

What are two Languedoc-Roussillon AOCs know for Vin Doux Naturel based on Grenache?

A

Banyuls AOC and Maury AOC

223
Q

What AOC in Languedoc-Roussillon is known for Vin Doux Naturel based on Muscat?

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes

224
Q

When must Muscat de Noel be bottled?

A

No later than Dec 1 following harvest

225
Q

What three sparkling wines are made in Limoux?

A

Cremant de Limoux (Chardonnay)
Blanquette de Limoux (Mauzac)
Limoux Methode Ancestrale (Mauzac)

226
Q

What regions considers itself the birthplace of all French wine?

A

Provence (600 BC)

227
Q

What is the IGP associated with Provence?

A

Mediterranee IGP

228
Q

What is the largest AOC Provence?

A

Cotes de Provence

229
Q

What percentage of wine production in Provence is White, Red and Rose?

A

4%, 6%, 90%

230
Q

What are the important grapes of Provence?

A

Grenache, Cinsault, Syrah, Mourvedre, Tibouren

231
Q

Besides Cotes de Provence, what are the other main AOCs for Rose production?

A

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence
Coteaux Varois en Provence

232
Q

What AOC in Provence make rich, aromatic red wines?

A

Bandol AOC

233
Q

What IGP is associated with Corsica?

A

l’Ile de Beaute IGP

234
Q

What AOC makes Vin doux naturel in Corsica from partially dried Muscat grapes?

A

Muscat du Cap Corse AOC

235
Q

What is the main AOC of Corsica?

A

Vin de Corse AOC

236
Q

Name three Italian grapes grown in Corsica?

A

Rolle, Nielluccio, Sciaccarello

CSW (14 decks)

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