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Germany, Austria and Eastern Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Name three interesting facts about Germany.

A
  1. Its northmost wine regions are well above the 50th parallel.
  2. It is among the world’s largest importers of wine.
  3. It is among the top 10 exporters of wine.
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2
Q

Name three moderating geographical features in Germany.

A

1) Lake Constance
2) Mosel River
3) Rhine River

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3
Q

In which 3 states are most are most of Germany’s grapes grown?

A

1) Baden-Wurttemberg
2) Hesse
3) Rhineland-Palatinate

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4
Q

Name 2 ways the rivers in Germany moderate the climate.

A

1) Flowing water slows the change in temperature
2) River reflects sunlight back onto the vines

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5
Q

Describe the soils in Germany’s top vineyard sites.

A

Blue or red slate-based soils that absorb solar heat during the day and radiate it back at night.

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6
Q

What is the top white grape in Germany and what four others are popular?

A

a) Riesling
b) Grauburgunder, Weissburgunder, Muller-Thurgau, Silvaner

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7
Q

Muller-Thurgau is a cross between ____________ x _________________.

A

a) Riesling
b) Madeleine Royale

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8
Q

What is another name for Grauburgunder?

A

Rulander or Pinot Gris

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9
Q

Kerner is a cross between ________________ x __________________.

A

a) Riesling
b) Schiava Grossa

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10
Q

What is the top red grape in Germany and what four others are popular?

A

a) Spatburgunder
b) Dornfelder, Blauer Portugieser, Trollinger, Blaufrankisch, St. Laurent

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11
Q

What are the three broad categories of wine in Germany?

A

1) Wein (formerly Tafelwein)
2) PGI or ggA (geschutzte geographische Angabe, formly Landwein)
3) PDO or gU (geschutzte Ursprungsbezeichnung

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12
Q

What are the requirements of the Wein, ggA and gU categories?

A

a) very few - Deutscher Wein must be 100% German in origin
b) 85% of grapes must be from 26 Landwein regions
c) must be from one of 13 Anbaugebietes, 100% of grapes must be from place-name on the label

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13
Q

Into what two categories are gU wines divided and what is the key distinction between them?

A

1) Qualitatswein
2) Pradikatswein
3) Chaptalization is NOT permitted in the Pradikatswein.

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14
Q

What are the six levels of the Pradikat system, from least to most ripe?

A

1) Kabinett - light bodied
2) Spatlese - late harvest
3) Auslese - select harvest
4) Beerenauslese - selected berries, may be botrytized
5) Eiswein - frozen on the vine
6) Trockenbeerenauslese - selected dried berries

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15
Q

Kabinett grapes may range from ___________ to ___________ Oechsle.

A

a) 70
b) 85

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16
Q

Anbaugebietes are further divided into which geographical areas, from largest to smallest?

A

a) Bereiche - region or district
b) Grosslagen - grouping of vineyards
c) Einzellagen - single vineyard

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17
Q

How many Anbaugebietes, Bereiches, Grosslagens and Einzellagens are there currently?

A

a) 13
b) 40
c) 160
d) 2700+

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18
Q

Name two new PDOs in Germany meant to mimic the appellation system in France and focus more on terroir?

A

1) Monzinger Niederberg
2) Uhlen Blaufusser Lay

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19
Q

What two villages does the vineyard of Sonnenuhr stretch across?

A

1) Wehlen
2) Zeltingen

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20
Q

What is the German term for estate-bottled?

A

Gutsabfullung

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21
Q

What is the German term for producer bottled?

A

Erzeugerabfullung

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22
Q

What does Abfuller mean on a German wine label?

A

wine produced at a commercial winery that buys grapes from other sources

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23
Q

What is the Amtliche Prufungsnummber number on a German wine label?

A

identifies the testing center where the wine was governmentally approved as well as the village of origin and winery of origin

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24
Q

What does VDP stand for and what is it?

A

a) Verband Deutscher Pradikatsweingutter
b) an organization of top producers committed to terroir

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25
Q

What are the 13 Anbaugebietes of Germany?

A

1) Ahr
2) Mosel
3) Rheingau
4) Mittelrhein
5) Rheinhessen
6) Pfalz
7) Baden
8) Wurttemberg
9) Sachsen
10) Franken
11) Hessische Berstrasse
12) Nahe
13) Saale-Unstrut

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26
Q

VDP divides wines into which 4 categories from greatest to least quality?

A

1) Grosse Lage (or Grosse Gewachs, for Trocken)
2) Ernst Lage
3) Orstwein
4) Gutswein

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27
Q

What is “sussreserve” and how does it differ from chaptalization?

A

a) unfermented grape juice
b) it’s used to increase the sweetness in the finished wine, whereas Chaptalization increased the alcohol in the finished wine

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28
Q

What is the Riesling Taste Profile?

A

A voluntary diagram producers can add to their labels to indicated the dryness or sweetness of the wine.

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29
Q

How much residual sugar do the following terms indicate?

1) trocken
2) halbtrocken
3) feinherb
4) lieblich, halbsuss
5) suss

A

1) up to 9 g/l
2) 9-18 g/l
3) same as halbtrocken
4) 18 g/l - 45 g/l
5) more than 45 g/l

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30
Q

What is the labeling term for rose in Germany?

A

Weissherbst

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31
Q

What are the three dessert wines Germany is known for and what is their Oechsle range?

A

1) Beerenauslese - 110 - 125
2) Eiswein - 110 - 125
3) Trockenbeerenauslese - 150 - 154

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32
Q

What is the ideal temperature for harvesting Eiswein?

A

18 degrees F

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33
Q

What is the difference between Schaumwein and Sekt?

A

Schaumwein (foam wine) is simple, fruity sparking wine made by carbonation method; Sekt is made in tank or sometimes traditional method.

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34
Q

Which tributaries are important in the Mosel?

A

Saar and Ruwer

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35
Q

Describe the topography of the Mosel?

A

Very winding rivers, steep banks

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36
Q

Where are the top sites in the Mosel located?

A

On the north banks (facing south) of the Mosel River.

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37
Q

How many Bereiches and Einzellagens are located in the Mosel?

A

6 and over 500 - more than any other region.

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38
Q

Bernkastel is a _______________ in ______________________.

A

a) Bereiche
b) Mosel

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39
Q

Which region in Germany produces just 2% of the countries wine but has a reputation equal to Mosel?

A

Rheingau

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40
Q

What is the leading grape in the Mosel?

A

Riesling

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41
Q

What soils are found in the Rheingau?

A

Red slate

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42
Q

What is the only Bereich in the Rheingau?

A

Johannisberg

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43
Q

How much production is Riesling in the Nahe?

A

25%

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44
Q

What is Germany’s leader in both acres under vine and overall wine production?

A

Rheinhessen

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45
Q

What are the top three grapes in the Rheinhessen?

A

1) Riesling
2) Muller-Thurgau
3) Dornfelder

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46
Q

Where does the name Pfalz come from?

A

The Latin word “palatium” meaning palace.

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47
Q

What kind of wine is Pfalz mainly known for?

A

Simple inexpensive wines.

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48
Q

What is the eastmost wine region in the former West Germany?

A

Franken

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49
Q

What are the squat green or brown bottles used in Franken called?

A

Bocksbeutel

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50
Q

What does Hessische Bergstrasse mean?

A

Hessian Mountain Road

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51
Q

What grapes are grown in Wurtemberg?

A

Mostly red–Trollinger, Schwarzriesling and Lemberger

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52
Q

Which large wine growing region is comprised of two large disconnect segment and three small satellite areas?

A

Baden

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53
Q

What is the warmest winegrowing region in Germany?

A

Baden, specifically the Bereich of Kaiserstuhl

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54
Q

What is the leading grape in Baden?

A

Spatburgunder

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55
Q

What two former East German regions are the north and eastmost wine regions in Germany respectively, and produce very little wine?

A

Saschen and Saale-Unstrut

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56
Q

What is the Mittelrhein?

A

A small region down river from the Rheingau, dotted with small, terraced vineyards planted to Riesling.

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57
Q

Describe the wines of the Ahr?

A

Relatively high-tannic reds, specifically Spatburgunder, Portugieser and Dornfelder

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58
Q

What soils allow the northern region of the Ahr to retain heat?

A

Dark slate and greywacke (sandstone)

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59
Q
A
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60
Q

What two historical factors halted the wine industry in Eastern Europe for many years?

A

1) World War II
2) Soviet occupation

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61
Q

Which two Eastern European countries remained outside of Communist rule?

A

1) Austria
2) Switzerland

62
Q

Why are Swiss wines rarely seen outside the country?

A

a) they are consumed domestically
b) the exchange rate of franc makes Swiss wine prohibitively expensive

63
Q

What has helped many Eastern European countries improve their wine production since the fall of the Soviet Union?

A

The spread of the European region eastward

64
Q

In years past, Austria was mainly a supplier of ___________ wines for the _______________ wine market.

A

a) bulk
b) German

65
Q

What crisis in the 1980s ultimately caused Austrians to tighten controls and focus more on quality wine?

A

It was discovered that a few brokers chemically altered some wines to increase their richness.

66
Q

In which 3 states are most Austrian vineyards located?

A

1) Neiderosterreich (lower Austria)
2) Burgenland
3) Steiermark or Styria

67
Q

What geographical feature dominates Austria and which area is suitable for winegrowing?

A

a) the Alps
b) lower hills and plains in the East

68
Q

What is the climate of Austria?

A

Cool continental

69
Q

What German region does the climate of Austria most resemble?

A

Baden

70
Q

How many white and red varieties are approved for PGI and PDO production in Austria?

A

26 white
14 red

71
Q

How much Austrian production is dedicated to white wine?

A

66%

72
Q

What is the signature grape of Austria and how many acres are planted to it?

A

a) Gruner Veltliner
b) 35,530

73
Q

What 5 white grapes besides Gruner-Veltliner are grown in Austria?

A

1) Welschriesling
2) Muller-Thurgau
3) Riesling
4) Weissburgunder
5) Chardonnay

74
Q

What is Chardonnay known as in Austria?

A

Morillon

75
Q

What is the leading red grape in Austria, and what is a cross between?

A

a) Zweigelt
b) Blaufrankisch x St. Laurent

76
Q

What are two other names for Blaufrankisch?

A

a) Lemberger
b) Kekrankos

77
Q

What is the Austrian measure for must weight and what is its equivalent in a) Brix and b) Oechsle?

A

a) KMW (Klosterneuburger Mostwaage)
b) 1.2
c) 5

78
Q

What are the three broad categories of wine in Austria?

A

1) Wein (formerly Tafelwein)
2) Landwein (PGI)
3) PDO

79
Q

What is typically included and not included on a Wein level lable in Austria?

A

Vintage or varietal, but not necessarily place name

80
Q

What three Weinbauregionens must a Landwein level wine be from?

A

1) Weinland Osterreich
2) Steierland
3) Bergland

81
Q

What are the three categories of Austria’s PDO wine?

A

1) Qualitatswein
2) Pradikatswein
3) DAC (Districtus Austriae Controllatus)

82
Q

How much of Austria’s production is PDO level?

A

About 2/3s.

83
Q

Where must PDO level wines come from in Austria?

A

A single Weinbaugebiet, subregion or specifically defined DAC.

84
Q

What is the minimum KMW grapes must be harvested at to qualify for Qualitatswein and Pradikatswein status?

A

a) 15
b) 19

85
Q

What are the two main differences between the German and Austrian Pradikatswein system?

A

1) Kabinett is the top level of the Qualitatswein in Austria
2) Austria has an additional level for Strohwein or Schilfwein

86
Q

What are the KMW requires for each Pradikat level in Austria?

A

1) Spatlese -19 KMW
2) Auslese - 21 KMW (unripe grapes must be removed from bunches
3) Beerenauslese, Strohwein and Schilfwein -25 KMW
4)TBA - 30 KMW (majority of grapes must be botrytis-affected

87
Q

What are 3 terms used in Wachau only that denote the level of ripeness in a dry wine?

A

1) Steinfeder (light)
2) Federspiel (medium)
3) Smaragd (full)

88
Q

What is the reason behind the DAC system in Austria?

A

To create a terroir-driven system that resembles France’s, and specifics ABV, aging requirements and other details.

89
Q

What is Bergwein?

A

“Mountain wine” using grapes grown on steep slopes - at least a 25% gradient

90
Q

What do “Strohwein” and “Schifwein” mean, and what are the KMW and aging requirements?

A

a) “straw” - for grapes dried on straw mats
b) “reeds” - fro grapes hung on strings
c) 25 KMW if dried for 3 months; 30 KMW if dried for 2 months

91
Q

What is the major geographical feature of of Niederosterreich?

A

The Danube River

92
Q

Which subregion of Niederosterreich is the largest and must be 100% Gruner Veltliner?

A

Weinvertel DAC

93
Q

Which 3 subregions of Niederosterreich have similar climates and make Gruner Veltliner in a lighter style than in Weinvertel, as well as Riesling?

A
  1. Traisental DAC
  2. Kamptal DAC
  3. Kremstal DAC
94
Q

What are “Reidens” and what is made there?

A

a) designated top sites in the DAC of Wachau
b) Gruner Veltliner or Riesling

95
Q

What was Wagram DAC known as prior to 2007 and what pink-skinned grape is grown there, along with a variety of others?

A

a) Donauland
b) Roter Veltliner

96
Q

Which subregion of Neiderosterreich is far from the moderating influence of the Danube and produces a good deal of red wine, including some from unique grapes?

A

Thermenregion - unique grapes include Rotgipfler and Zierdandler.

97
Q

Carnumtrum DAC can produce still wines made from 100% of the following 5 varietals?

A

1) Chardonnay
2) Weissburgunder
3) Gruner Veltliner
4) Blaufrankisch
5) Zweigelt

98
Q

Which 4 DACs in Burgenland are dedicated to mostly red wine production?

A

1) Mittelburgundland (Blaufrankisch)
2) Eisenberg (Blaufrankisch)
3) Neuisiedlersee (Zweigelt)
4) Rosalia (both, also Rose)

99
Q

What is the moderating influence in Burgundland, and what conditions does it create?

A

a) Lake Neuisiedl
b) Conducive to Botrytis Cinerea

100
Q

Which DAC in Burgundland is known particularly for its white wines?

A

Leithaberg DAC

101
Q

Which DAC is located within the larger Leithaberg DAC and is known for a dessert wine equivalent to TBA in sweetness?

A

Ruster Ausbruch DAC

102
Q

What is Muscat called in Austria?

A

Muskateller

103
Q

What are the leading varietals in Steiermark?

A

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

104
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Steiermark and how many of them are DAC status?

A

1) Sudsteiermark
2) Vulcanland Steiermark
3) Weststeiermark
4) All of them

105
Q

Describe the soils and climate of Sudsteiermark DAC?

A

a) marine sediment in the flatter areas, marl and conglomerate soils on the slopes
b) warm, humid days and cool nights

106
Q

Which subregion of Steiermark in Austria is known for its volcanic soils?

A

Vulcanland Steiermark DAC

107
Q

What wine is Weststeiermark DAC primarily known for and what grape is used to produce it?

A

a) Schilcher Rose (or Schilcher Klassik)
b) Blauer Wildbacher

108
Q

What is a “heurigen”?

A

Seasonal wine taverns in the region of Wien.

109
Q

What is the name for a traditional wine made in and around Wien comprised of many different varieties fermented together?

A

Gemischter Satz

110
Q

What are the rules of the Gemischter Satz DAC?

A

Must be made from a minimum of 3 approved white varieties, with no more than 50% of a single varietal and no less than 10%. The grapes must be processed together AND grown side by side in the vineyard.

111
Q

What is the signature white grape of Hungary?

A

Furmint

112
Q

What are a) the famous dessert wine and b) the best-known red wine from Hungary?

A

a) Tokaji Aszu
b) Egri Bikaver

113
Q

What does “Egri Bikaver” mean and what is it made from?

A

a) Bull’s Blood of Eger
b) Kadarka blended with Kekrankos, Kekporto and others

114
Q

What is the additional requirement of Egri Bikaver Superior?

A

At least 5 of the recommended varieties must be used.

115
Q

Where is Tokaji Aszu produced?

A

In the Tokaj PDO in Northern Hungary.

116
Q

What are the principle grapes of Tokaji Aszu?

A

Furmint, Harslevelu, Kqbar, Koverszolo, Sargamuskatoly, Zeta

117
Q

Describe the process of making Tokaji Aszu?

A

Late-harvested, botrytis-affected grapes are mashed into a based and mixed with a normally fermented base wine for a day or two. The wine is then racked, and aged in small casks for a few years in underground tunnel, where yeast similar to flor begin to form.

118
Q

What is Eszencia called in English?

A

Essencia.

119
Q

Describe Tokaji Eszencia

A

Made from the free run juice of mostly botrytized, hand selected grapes; requires a minimum of 45 g/L, takes years to ferment and results in a wine with 5-6% ABV

120
Q

What historical events effected the Croatian wine industry negatively and positively over the last century?

A

a) war and communist dictatorship
b) independence (1991) and the EU (2013)

121
Q

Which red grape is identical to Zinfandel and believed to be native to Croatia?

A

Crljenak Kastelanski–also known as Tribidrag and Primativo

122
Q

What red grape is a close relative to Crljenak Kastelanski?

A

Plavac Mali

123
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Croatia?

A

Grasavina (Welschriesling)

124
Q

What are the two main wine regions of Croatia, where are they located and by what are they separated?

A

a) Kontinentalna Hrvatska
b) Primorska Hrvatska
c) Inland and Coastal
d) Dinaric Alps

125
Q

What are the major geographical features of Croatia?

A

Dinaric Alps and the Adriatic Sea

126
Q

What are the 5 leading grapes in Switzerland?

A

1) Chasselas
2) Fendant
3) Pinot Noir
4) Gamay
5) Merlot

127
Q

Why is so little Swiss wine available outside Switzerland?

A

It’s consumption is three times its production, and the value of the Swiss Franc makes Swiss wine very expensive.

128
Q

What is the governing body of wine in Switzerland and why does it have 3 official titles?

A

a) OIC
b) One title in each of the country’s official languages–French, Germany and Italian

129
Q

What are the two major geographical influences in Switzerland?

A

1) the Swiss Alps
2) Lake Geneva

130
Q

What are the important geographical feature of Romania?

A

a) the Carpathian Mountains
b) the Danube River
c) the Black Sea

131
Q

What are the leading indigenous grapes of Romania?

A

Feteasca Alba, Feteasca Regalia, Feteasca Neagra

132
Q

What is the oldest appellation in Romania?

A

Tarnava DOC

133
Q

What appellation in Romania is well-known for sweet wine and where is it located?

A

a) Cotnari DOC
b) Moldavian Hills

134
Q

Which Eastern European country was a major volume exporter of wine as late as the 1970s-80s?

A

Bulgaria

135
Q

What are the geographical features of Bulgaria?

A

1) Danube River
2) Danube Plains
3) Black Sea

136
Q

Name 3 white grapes native to Bulgaria?

A

1) Rkatsiteli
2) Dimiat
3) Misket Chervon

137
Q

What 5 red grapes are considered native to Bulgaria?

A

1) Mavrud
2) Gamza (Kadarka)
3) Rubin
4) Melnik
5) Pamid

138
Q

Which indigenous Bulgarian grape is a cross between Syrah and Nebbiolo?

A

Rubin

139
Q

Which Eastern European country is considered the crossroads of wine production, and why?

A

a) Slovenia
b) It shares a border with 4 wine producing countries–Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Austria

140
Q

How are wines categorized in Slovenia and how many of each are there?

A

a) PDO is ZOP
b) 14
c) PGI is ZGO
d) 3

141
Q

What are the 3 ZGOs in Slovenia?

A

1) Podravje ZGO - inland, more than half the wine is produced here, located in river valleys
2) Primorksa ZGO - located on the Adriatic sea, shares a border with Italy
3) Posavje ZGO - means “lower Sava,” smallest and most traditional region

142
Q

Which Slovenian region is an extension of Italy’s Collio Goriziano?

A

Goriska Brda

143
Q

What is Pinot Noir called in Slovenia?

A

Modri Pinot

144
Q

What are the traditional aging vessels in Georgia known as?

A

Qrevri or Krevri - large, egg-shaped earthenware vessels

145
Q

What are the leading white and red grapes of Georgia?

A

a) Rkatsiteli - white, crisp, floral
b) Saperavi - red, high alcohol

146
Q

What is the wine law in Georgia called?

A

Law of Georgia on Wine and Vine

147
Q

What subspecies of Vitis Vinifera is believed to native to Georgia

A

Vitis Vinifera Silvestris

148
Q

What fortified wine is made in Crimea?

A

Etalita

149
Q

Which Eastern European country arguably has the best wine growing conditions?

A

Crimea

150
Q

Which Crimean wine won the “Grand Prix de Champagne” at the 1900 World’s Fair in Paris, and from which winery?

A

“Brut Paradiso” from Novy Svet Winery.

151
Q
A

CSW (14 decks)

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