spain Flashcards
What men are credited with bringing French winemaking methods to Spain?
Marques de Riscal ajnd Marques de Marrrieta in the 1850s
When did Phylloxera reach Spain?
1899
What were the innovations brought on by Miguel Torres?
In 1962 he joined the company his family had established several generations prior. He planted imported vines including chardonnay, riesling, cabernet, etc and developed a talent for matching vine to site. he also started doing fermentations in stainless steel.
Who is credited with bringing stainless steel fermentations to spain?
Miguel Torres
What does the term ‘Noble’ indicate?
18 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
What does the term ‘Anejo’ refer to?
24 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
What does the term ‘Viejo’ refer to?
36 months aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character
What species of oak is referred to as American Oak?
Quercus Alba
What are the two DOCa’s in Spain?
Rioja, Priorato
What was the first DOCa?
Rioja in 1991
True or False: Ribera del Duero is a DOCa
FALSE
When were the first DO Pagos introduced?
2003
What were the first DO Pagos? Where are they
Dominio de Valdepusa, Castilla la Mancha and Finca El Ez, Castilla La Mancha
What is Dominio del Valdepusa and what is its significance?
A DO Pago in Castilla La Mancha. Owned by Marques de Grinon. One of the first two DO Pagos.
What is Finca El Ez and what is its significance?
A DO Pago in Castilla La Mancha. One of the first two DO Pagos
What terms are allowed on a bottle labeled ‘Vino’?
Only Variety and Vintage
What is Quercus Sessilifora?
French Oak
What is the species of French Oak?
Quercus Sessilifora, Quercus Robur
What are the DO stipulations for cask size?
Casks have to be less than 330 Liters for DO wines, unless they are labeled noble, anejo, viejo in which 600L is the maximum.
What are the sub-regions of Rioja and what Province do they lie in?
Rioja Alta, La Rioja. Rioja Alavesa, Alava. Rioja Baja, Navarra.
What mountains contain Rioja in the Northwest and Northeast respectively?
The Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees.
What river flows through Rioja?
Ebro
What is another Spanish synonym for Viura?
Macabeo
What is the size of a Rioja cask?
Rioja casks must be 225 liters
True or False: Cabernet can be used in Rioja DOCa
False. Here are the grapes of Rioja:
What are the grapes of Rioja?
?Principal Red Grape: Tempranillo
What is ‘vara y pulgar’?
stick and thumb. Each vine is raised with two important branches and production alternates between these two. One year, usually in January, they cut back the left branch and leave a small shoot with just one or two knots or ‘eyes’. This is called the thumb or pulgar. The right branch, the long ‘stick’ or vara, is left with seven or eight eyes. It grows leafs and holds the buds from which the grapes will grow. The thumb is left with sprouts, which will eventually bloom and develop what is called a small “green stick,” next year’s vara. This process changes each year, alternating between the two branches, with one growing and the other one resting.
True or False: Chaptalization is permitted in Rioja
FALSE
What is ‘En Vaso’?
freestanding bush: what the French call gobelet training
Where is Haro?
Rioja Alta
What are the soils of Rioja?
Rioja Alta’s northern areas are characterized by yellow calcareous clay (arcillo-calcareo), whereas the lower slopes south of the Ebro River contain reddish, iron-rich clay soils (arcillo-ferroso). Rioja Baja generally flat land with clay and alluvial soils..
Who is credited with bringing French Oak to Rioja?
Marques de Caceres
What are the aging requirements for a wine labeled Reserva Blanco in Rioja DOCa?
2 years aging, 6 months oak. remainder may not be in stainless steel!
What are the aging requirements for a wine labeled Gran Reserva Blanco in Rioja DOCa?
4 years, 6 months oak.
What are the aging requirements for a wine labeled Crianza Blanco in Rioja DOCa?
2 years 6 months oak.
What are the aging requirements for Gran Reserva Tinto in Rioja DOCa?
min 5yrs total , 2yrs in bottle, 2yrs in oak
List 3 producers of Rioja
Lopez de Heredia, La Rioja Alta, Bodegas Vina Real (Campania Vinicola del Norte de Espana–CVNE)
What vineyard labels does Lopez de Heredia use?
Vina Tondonia, Vina Bosconia, Vina Cubillo, Vina Gravonia
What is Mazuelo
Carignan
What is the minimum percentage of authorized varieties required for Tinto wines in Rioja DOCa?
min. 95% authorized red grapes (if destemmed), min. 85% authorized red grapes (if whole clusters or whole berries are used)
Where does Ysios produce wine?
Rioja
What style of wine was Navarra once virtually synonymous with?
Rosado
What are the subzones of Navarra?
Tierra de Estella, Valdizarbe, Baja Montana, Ribera Baja, Ribera Alta
Where is Bodegas Otazu?
Valdizarbe, Navarra
Where is Prado de Irache?
Tierra de Estella, Navarra
What are the DOs of Aragon?
Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Carinena, Somontano
What cooperative dominates production in Camp de Borja DO?
Bodegas Borsao
What is Alcanon?
White grape. Somontano
What are the DOs of Galicia?
Rias Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra, and Monterrei.
True or False: Asturias and Cantabria do not produce any DO wine
TRUE
Does Asturias contain any DOs?
No
Does Cantabria contain any DOs?
No
What are the sub zones of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnes, Ribeira do Ulla, Soutomaior, O Rosal, and Condado do Tea
True or False: Riax Baixas produces red wine
TRUE
What mountain range separates Galicia from the rest of spain in the East?
Cordillera Cantabrica
What are the two main rivers of Rias Baixas
Mino and Sil
What are the soils of Rias Baixas?
In Val do Salnes, O Rosal and Soutomaior the soils are alluvial over granite. In Condado do Tea both granite and slate appear on the surface with lighter granite subsoil. The soils are mainly alluvial in Ribeira do Ulla.
Which two subzones of Rias Baixas lie on the border with Portugal?
O Rosal and Condado Do Tea
If labeled Albarino, what % must a Rias Baixas DO wine be Albarino?
100%
If labeled as Val Do Salnes, what is the minimum required Albarino?
70%
If labeled Condado do Tea what are percentage of required grape varieties?
70% combined Albarino and Treixadura
If labeled as O Rosal, what are the percentages of required grape varieties?
70% combined Albarino and Loureira
Which DO adjoins Condado do Tea to the east?
Ribeiro DO
What is the preferred red grape for Ribeiro?
Caino
What is the preferred white grape of Ribeiro?
Treixadura
What is Vino Tostado and where is this a specialty?
Dried grape wine. Ribeiro DO. 300 g/l must weight aged in 6 months. dried for 3 months
Recommend a producer from Ribeiro DO
Emilio Rojo
Where does Vina Mein produce wine?
Ribeiro DO
Where does Emilio Rojo produce wine?
Ribeiro DO
What grape is the most important to Valdeorras DO?
Godello
Where does Rafael Palacios produce wine?
Valdeorras. Younger brother of Alvaro.
Recommend a bottling from Valdeorras
Rafael Palacios ‘As Sortes’ 100% Godello fermented in french oak, aged 18 months in barrell
What region adjoins Ribeira Sacra to the east?
Valdeorras
What region adjoins Valdeorras to the west?
Ribeira Sacra
What are the preferred grapes for Ribeira Sacra?
Godello and Mencia
Recommend a producer from Ribeira Sacra
Guimaro Mencia
What are the sub regions of Ribeira Sacra?
Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Riberas do Sil Riberas do Mino.
What is the southermost DO in Galicia?
Monterrei
What is the easternmost DO in Galicia?
Valdeorras
What are the three DOs of Pais Vasco?
Getariako Txakolina, Bizkaiko Txakolina, and Arabako Txakolina
What is an advantage of the soils of Pais Vasco?
sandy top soils. many vines have not been affected by phylloxera, allowing many old vines
What is the most widely planted grape in Pais Vasco?
Ondarrabi Zuri (95%)
What is the red variety used in the Chacolis?
Ondurrabi Beltza
What is Ojo De Gallo?
rose wines from the Chacolis
What is the term for rose from Chacoli?
ojo de gallo
Recommend a producer from Pais Vasco
Ameztoi
What is Spain’s largest autonomia?
Castille y Leon
Who is Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves?
The founder of Vega Sicilia
Who is the founder of Vega Sicilia?
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves
What is the top wine of Vega Sicilia? How long are the wines aged?
Unico. Over a decade in American and French oak barrels.
Is Vega Sicilia Unico 100% Tinto del pais? Do they make it every year?
No. Usually 70% with cabernet sauvignon and merlot. No only in great years.
What is the difference between Unico and Unico Reserva Especial?
Reserva Especial is a non vintage wine
What is another wine produced by Vega Sicilia?
Valbuena 5, Alion. and Macan in Rioja
Where does Aalto produce wine?
Ribera del duero
Is Ribera del Duero a DOCa?
No
Is there a required minimum for tinto del pais in Ribera del duero? Explain
yes. 75%
Are whites permitted in Ribera del Duero ?
Technically, no. However a max % of albillo mayor is permitted in tinto, but more is allowed in rosados for freshness.
What is the main grape of Rueda? How much is required?
Verdejo. 50%, If labeled Rueda Verdejo, 85%
What is Rueda Dorado?
Dry Vino de licor grown under floor like sherry. Aged 4 years 2 years in wood
What is the required amount of Mencia in Bierzo?
70%
Is there a required minimum of tinta de toro for Toro DO?
Yes. 75%
Where does Bodegas Farina produce wine?
Toro DO
Where is Tierra del Vino de Zamora in relation to Toro?
Lies west.
Recommend a producer from Tierra del Vino de Zamura
Alejandro Fernandez’ Dehesa La Granja
Which DO in Castille y Leon is on the western border with Portugal?
Arribes DO
Can Rueda make red wine?
Yes
Where is Arlanza DO?
Castille y Leon
What was the name of the monastery that Priorat derives its name from?
Priorato de Scala Dei
Where is Penafiel?
Ribera del Duero
What is the famous soil of Priorat? What exactly is it?
Llicorella. A reddish slate with particles of quartzite through which the roots of the vine penetrate deeply. Higher vineyards have subsoil of schist.
Where is Gratallops? What is its significance?
Priorat. High country where often abandoned old vines were found that produced low yields. Also the location where Rene Barbier planted his vines.
Who is Rene Barbier? What is his contribution to Spanish wine?
Put Priorat on the map. A winemaker for Alvaro Palaciso who after planting a mix of local and french vines in Gratallops convinced Palacios and others to join him.
What are the 5 original ‘clos’ wines of Priorat? Are they released as DOCa?
Clos Mogador, Clos Dofi, Clos Erasmus, Clos de l'Obac, Clos Martinet. No. (MODEM)
What two grapes are considered the focus of Priorat?
Garnacha and Carinena.
What is the minimum alcohol for Priorato DOCa?
13.50%
Who produces L’Ermita? What is the cepage?
Alvaro Palacios. 80% Garnacha, 20% Cabernet
What was the first winery in Priorat?
Scala Dei
Who produces Clos Mogador?
Rene Barbier. What grapes are used? Garnacha, Cabernet, Syrah, Carinena
What is Vino de Pueblo?
A village category establish in 2009 in Priorat for estate-grown wines from twelve villages, including Gratallops
What is ‘Vi de la Vila’?
A label for Priorat where wines must include a min. 60% recommended varieties, or a min. 50% recommended varieties if only one is present.
What is Samso?
Mazuelo, Carignan
What DO is shaped likea. horse shoe practically surrounding Priorat?
Monsant DO
What grapes are dominant in Monsant DO?
Garnacha
Mazuelo
What DO historically was referred to as Poor Man’s Port?
Tarragona DO
Where is Terra Alta DO?
Catalonia
Where is Costers del Segre DO? What is its significance?
Catalonia. It is here that Manuel Raventos who had purchased arid, infertile land that would become his Raimat estate.
Where is Raimat?
Costers del Segre
What are the sub regions of Penedes? Which is highest altitude?
Baix-Penedes, Medio-Penedes, Alt-Penedes. Alt Penedes. This is the location of San Sadurni d Anoia.
What is Ull de Llebre?
Synonym for Tempranillo in Penedes
What is the synonym for Tempranillo in Penedes?
Ull de Llebre
What town is famous for being considered the birthplace of Cava?
San Sadurni d’Anoia
Which former Cava producer makes CAVA but chooses to not release as such? What is the name of the proposed DO
Raventos i Blanc. Conca del Riu Anoia
What regions can produce Cava?
Aragon, Basque, Catalonia, Extremadura, Rioja, Navarra, Valencia (BC RAVEN)
What are the white grapes of CAVA DO?
?Recommended: Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel-lo
What are the red grapes of CAVA DO?
Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Garnacha Tinta, Trepat (Trepat may only be used for rose)
Minimum lees aging for Gran Reserva CAVA?
?Gran Reserva: min. 30 months on the lees. Brut, Brut Reserve, Brut Nature only
Minimum lees aging for CAVA DO
9 months
Minimum lees aging for CAVA Reserva?
15 months
What is Pansa Blanca?
Xarel-Lo
What are the DOs of the Balearic Islands?
Pla i Llevant and Binissalem Mallorca
What is Manto Negro?
red grape from Balearic Islands
What is moll?
red grape from Balearic Islands
What are the grapes of the Balearic Islands?
Mantonegro and Moll
Who introduced metodo tradicional sparkling wines to Spain?
Jose Raventos of Codorniu
Who is Jose Raventos and what was his great contribution to Spanish Wine?
Introduced metodo tradicional sparkling wines to Penedes in 1872.
What is Merseguera?
white grape in Valencia
What region is known as the home of paella?
Valencia
What DO is known for Fondillon?
Alicante
What is Fondillon?
NOT FORIFIED, a solera-style, oxidative dessert wine from overripe Monastrell aged for a minimum of ten years.
Where is Fondillon produced? How long must it be aged?
Alicante. 10 years. 100% monastrell
What is Doble Pasta and what DO is associated with this?
red wines are macerated and fermented with twice the normal amount of grape skins and pulp, resulting in a wine of intense concentration, tannin and color. Utiel Requena DO.
What are the DOs of Murcia?
Jumilla, Yecla, Bullas
Where is Alella DO?
Catalonia
What is the grape of Alella DO?
Pansa Blanca aka Xarel-Lo
What DO is known for whites from Merseguera?
Valencia DO
What is Europe’s largest single demarcated wine region?
La Mancha DO
What are the DOs of Valencia?
Valencia, Alicante, Utiel Requena
What is the largest DO of Valencia?
Utiel Requena
What DOs are known for the Bobal grape?
Utiel Requena( Valencia), Manchuela (La Mancha)
What is the synonym for Tempranillo in La Mancha?
Cencibel
Which DO formerly hosted the estate of Marques De Grinon?
Mentrida DO
Where is Mentrida DO
La Mancha
Where is Almansa DO?
La Mancha
What is the sole DO of Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana DO
What is Tierra do Barros?
a subregion of Ribera del Guadiana. Encompasses nearly 80% of the DO, is the home of Bodegas Inviosa, a longstanding and key proponent of the region’s wines?and the only producer of Cava in southwestern Spain.
True or False: Phylloxera was a small setback for the Canary Islands in the 1800s.
False. Phylloxera has never made its way to the Canaries.
What is Tenerife?
Island of the Canaries that is host to 5 of the ten DOs
List a DO from the Canary Islands
La Palma, El Hierro, Gran Canaria, La Gomera and Lanzarote.
Which of the grapes for red cava can only be used for rose wines?
Trepat
Which DO in Spain borders Banyuls in France?
Emporda DO
Rioja must be aged in what size of barrel?
225 liters
What is anada?
Term for vintage sherry
What style of wine is produced by Valdespino?
Sherry
What DOs cover an entire island within the Canary Islands?
Tenerife, La Palma, El Heirro, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, Lanzarote
What DOs lie within Tenerife?
Abona, Valle de Guimar, Valle de la Orotava, Ycoden-Daute-Isora, Tacoronte-Acentejo
When were growers allowed to irrigate in Spain?
1996
What are the three DO Pagos of Navarra?
Arinzano, Prado de Irache , and Otazu
What is the only DO Pago of Valencia?
Los Balagueses in 2011
What is the only DO Pago of Carinena?
Ayles in 2011
Name 3 DO Pagos of Castilla La Mancha
Dominio de Valdepusa, Finca El Ez, Dehesa del Carrizal, Guijoso, Campo de la Guardia, El Terrerazo, Castel del Banco, Calzadilla
What are the red grapes of Rioja DOCa
Trempranillo with Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano (monastrell of Catalonia), Maturana Tinta
Is Chardonnay permitted in Rioja DOCa?
Yes
What are the blending grapes of Rioja DOCa for white wines?
Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Tempranillo Blanca, Maturana Tinta, Torrontes
How are vines traditionally trained in Rioja?
. Vineyards in Rioja tend to be small, with those in the Baja tending to slightly larger than Alta or Alavesa. Traditionally the vines are gobelet trained, with a freestanding upright vine pruned into a kind of lollypop shape. This works well with widely spaced plantings on less arable soils, and provides the grapes some shade from the sun within a canopy of sheltering leaves.
How many years must Rioja Gran Reserav be aged totral>?
5 years
What is the dominant white grape of Navarra? Where?
Chardonnay. Tierra de Estella and Ribera Alta. aja Montana and Valdizarbe are the hotter regions usually producing reds.
What does Roble mean?
Red wine aged 90 days minmum in Oak
How long must Roble wines be aged in Oak? Name a DOC
90 days. Navarra
What is Envejeccido en Roble?
Muscatel de Vino de Licor produced in Navarra. Must be aged 24 months with 18 months in barrel
Less than half the vines of Campo de Borja are how old?
at least 50 years old
What is Vino de Aguaja
Semi Sparkling wine (Calatayud)
What is Vinas Viejas
Old vine designation of Calatayud. Vines must be at least 35 years old for this designation.
What are the requirements for Calatayud DO Superior?
Must be 85% Garnaha Tinta from vines min. 50 years old
What region is affected bythe Sierra de Guaria and Sierra de Salinas?
Somontano
Can Rias Baixas produce red wines? Lista grape
Yes. Caino Tinto, Mencia, Espadeiro
If aged in wood, what can Rias Baixas white wines be labeled?
Blanca Barrica
Name a region where youwould see Blanca Barrica
Rias Baixas., Ribeira Sacra Min. 3 months in wood
How Long must RIas Baixas Blanca Barrica be aged
3 months in wood
Valdeorras wines are separated into what two yield categories?
Hillside Vineyards and Plains VIneyards 8 tons vs 20 tons per ha
Valdeorras DO flanks what river?
Sil
Explain Blanco Summum designation
Ribeira Sacra term. 100% preffered varieties of Albarino, Godello, Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontes, Dona Branca
Explain Tinto Summum designation
Ribeira Sacra term.Min. 85% Principal red grapes with a minimum 60^ Mencia
How much Mencia is required in Tinto Summum ?
Riberia Sacra Term. 60%
WHat is Monterrei Blanco?>
Min. 60% Dona Branca, Godello, Treixadura
What is Monterrei Tinto
Min. 60% Mencia, Merenzao (bastardo)
Where is the Bay of Biscay
Chacolis
What are the soils of the Chacolis
Alluvial clay beneath sand. phylloxera does not flourish here so many vines are old and own rooted
What are the white grapes of Bierzo DO?
Dona Branca and Godello
What two DOs do you see Dona Branca as a recommended variety?
Monterrei and Bierzo
What are the provinces of Ribera del Duero?
Valladolid, Burgos, Segovia, Soria
What is the optimum elevation for Ribera del Duero?
2296 to 3280 feet
what are the soils of Ribera del Duero
Clay marl limestone, but most important is Limestone
What two grape varieties maybe produced as varietal wines in Rueda DO
Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc
What is Priorat Vino de Guarda
Aged 12 months in oak
What elements influence the region of Priorat
The region is proteted from northwest winds by the Sierra de Monstant.
What is the name of the river that flows through Priorat?
Siurana
What are the soils of Priorat?
Black Slate
What did Priorat establish in 2009
Vi de La Vila for estate grown fruit from one of twelve villages
What are 3 villages of Priorat
La Vilella Alta, La Vilella Baixa, Gratallops, Scala Dei, Torroja del Priorat, El Lloar, Solanes del Molar, Bellmunt del Priorat, Masos de Falset, Pooleda, La Morera de Monstant
What is Vino Vimblanc
Vino de Licor from overripe grapes found in Monsant or Tarragona DOs
what mountains shelter Pendeds from cold northern winds?
Montserrat
What are the white grapes of Binissalem DO?
Must be min Moll 50% or Moscatel 50%
Where would you find Moll? What style of wine is produced?
Binissalem DO. Whites
What is the red grape of Binissalem DO?
Min. 50% Mantonegro
Where is the Guadeal Quivir River?
Sherry
What is the most important river of Sherry?
Guadeal Quivir River
How are vines trained in Priorat?
r. The vines are usually planted as low bushes (en vaso) though the newer vineyards tend to be planted on trellises (en espaldera).
What are the permitted vine training systems for CAVA DO
En Vaso
What is Cava del Paraje?
Single-estate categories for hand-harvested wines.
What is the AOP of Goyo garcia
Ribera del Duero
What is the appellation of Domino del Aguila
Ribera del Duero
Where is Tenerife?
Canary Islands
What is Escumos?
Sparkling wine in Binissalem
What is the minimum Mantonegro for Binissalem DO Negre?
50%
How many DOs are in the Canary Islands Autonomia?
- 5 of which are on the island of Tenerife, the rest are whole islands.
Where is La Palma?
Canary Islands
Where is La Gomera
Canary Islands
Where is El Hierro
Canary Islands
Where is Gran Canaria
Canary Islands
Where is Lanzarote
Canary Islands
What are the principal red grapes of Monterrei DO
Mencia and Merenzao (Bastardo)
What does Castilles y Leon mean?
Land of Castles, relating to the fortifications that were built to repel the moors.
What are the DOs of Castille y Leon
Ribeira del Duero, Toro, Rueda, Arlanza, Cigales, Tierrar del Vino Zamora, Arribes, Tierra de Leon, Bierzo
What is the river of Bierzo DO
Sil
Who owns Vega Sicilia
the Alavarez family
When did Ribeira del Duero gain DO status
1982
What is the aging requriement for Ribera del Duero Crianza?
2 years 1 year in cask 1 year in bottle
What is the aging requirement for Ribera del Duero Riserva
3 years 1 in cask
What is the aging requirement for RIbera del Duero Gran Reserva
5 years. 3 years in bottle. 2 years in cask.
What style of wines are produced in Rueda
Blanco, Rosado, Espumoso, Rueda Dorado
Has Phylloxera majorly affected Toro DO?
No. The region’s sandy soils has protected it, allowing it to have several pre-phylloxera vineyards.
What is the principal grape of Montilla-Moriles?
Pedro Ximenez
What is soleo?
Process of drying grapes in Malaga, where the grapes are dried for a period of up to 20 days on esparto grass mats prior to fermentation
What is arrope?
a form of grape concentrate used to add sweetness to the wines of Malaga
What 3 towns can Sherry only be shipped from?
Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlucar de Barrameda, and El Puerto de Santa Maria
What is Sherry?
Sherry is a fortified wine from Andalucia on the southern coast of Spain
True or False: Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda and Jerez-Xeres-Sherry share identical production zones
TRUE
What are the two distinct differences between Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda and Jerez-Xeres-Sherry?
While Jerez-Xeres-Sherry can be aged in Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlucar de Barrameda, and El Puerto de Santa Maria, Sanlucar de Barrameda must undergo aging in Sanlucar de Barrameda
What two winds moderate temperature in Jerez?
The poniente, from the west, is cool not very strong and humid. It can also raise humidity to 90%. The Levante from the southeast, is horrible, strong and hot; it can reduce the humidity to thirty percent. it essentially cooks the grapes on the vine during ripening. The two alternate to promote the growth of flor.
What are the principal soils of Jerez? Which is considered the best and why?
Albariza, barros, and arenas. Albariza, a chalky porous limestone rich soil of brilliant white color, produces the best sherry. it acts like a sponge to water and can absorb as much as thirty four per cent by weight, which it then retains under a surface that does not crack under the sun.
What is another name for Listan?
Palomino
What is a synonym for Palomino?
Listan
What 3 grapes are authorized for Sherry?
Palomino Fino, Pedro Ximenez, Moscatel
What are the two sub varieties of Palomino?
Palomino Fino and Palomino de Jarez
What is the common form of vine training in Jerez?
vagar y pulgar
Sherry must be aged in solera for how long minimum?
2 years
What occurs when a Fino becomes an Amontillado?
The flor has disappeared and a biological aging process becomes an oxidative one
What does generoso indicate?
totally dry in character. max 5 grams per liter sugar
What is the desired alcoholic strength for flor to develop?
15-17%
Does oloroso sherries have flor?
No
What type of yeast is Flor?
saccharomyces
What conditions are required for the growth of flor?
A temperature between 60-70 degrees, the absence of fermentable sugars, and a particular alcoholic strenth
What causes the difference in style from a Manzanilla and a wine aged in Jerez?
Sanlucar is the coolest, consequently the finos are the lightest and most pungent. Those from Jerez, where flor develops less abundantly are typically more robust.
Wines destined for Oloroso are fortified to what strength?
above 17%
What is Manzanilla Pasada?
A wine that is similar to fino-amontillado, as it has lost the protection of flor and beginning to show some oxidative characteristics.
What two new categories were created by the consejo regulardor. in 2000 and what do they indicate?
VOS. Very Old Sherry. Average 20 year solera. VORS. Very Old Rare Sherry. Average 30 year solera. Reserved for Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado, Pedro Ximenez.
Can the term Amontillado be used in Montilla-Moriles?
No
Where is Montilla-Moriles in relation to Jerez?
Northeast
What particular about the climate in Montilla-Moriles that distinguishes it from Jerez?
Hotter conditions, and the PX grape ripens extremely well and can naturally ferment to 15.5% alcohol.
Recommend a producer from Montilla-Moriles
Alvear, undoubtedly the leading bodega and easily the strongest in export markets.
What does Malaga Noble indicate?
24 to 36 months in oak
What does Malaga Anejo indicate?
36 to 60 months in oak
What does Malaga Transanejo indicate?
min. 60 months in oak
What does Malaga Palido indicate?
less than 6 months aging (also 100% recommended varietals)
What does Malaga indicate?
min. 6 to 24 months in oak
What are the grapes of Malaga?
Pedro Ximenez and Moscatel
Where is Malaga in relation to jerez?
East
Where does flor grow the best?
Sanlucar de barrameda
2 years (including 6 months in cask) for Red
Crianza
3 years (including 1 year in cask) for Red
Red Reserva
5 years (including 18 months in cask) for Red
Red Gran Reserva
18 months (including 6 months in cask) for white/rosado
Crianza
2 years (including 6 months in cask) for white/rosado
Reserva
4 years (including 6 months in cask) for white/rosado
Gran Reserva
Where is the Pyrenees Mountains
Between Spain and France
which mountain range gives rain shadow to Rioja?
Cantabrian mountains
what’s the name of the river across Rioja?
Ebro
which region became first DOCa in Spain?
Rioja in 1991
What is Mazuelo?
Synonym for Carignan
What are the 5 main grape variety used to make Rioja?
Tempranillo
What is Macabeo called in Rioja?
Viura
What are the authorized grapes in white Rioja?
Viura
Rosado Wines require a min of ____% of red grapes.
25%
aging requirement for red crianza rioja
min 2 yrs, 1yr in oak
aging requirement for red reserva rioja
min 3 yrs, 1yr in oak, 6months in bottle
aging requirement for red gran reserva rioja
min 5 yrs, 2yrs in oak, 2 yrs in bottle
aging requirement for white crianza rioja
min 2yrs, 6mo in oak
aging requirement for white reserva rioja
min 2 yrs, 6mo in oak, must be bottle, only oak
aging requirement for white gran reserva rioja
min 4 yrs, 6mo in oak, only oak
What’s the smallest subzone in rioja?
Rioja Alavesa
What’s the northermost zone in rioja?
Rioja Alavesa
What is vino joven?
early consumption wine. some carbonic maceration.
What’s the soil type of Rioja Alta?
Calcareous Clay
What does calcareous clay called in Rioja Alta?
Arcillo Calcareo
What’s the soil type of Rioja Alavesa?
Calcareous Clay
What’s the soil type of Rioja Oriental?
Alluvial soil
What are the principal white grapes in Rioja?
Viura
What are the principal red grapes in Rioja?
Tempranillo
What’s the main varietal of Rioja Oriental?
Garnacha
What is Vino Espumoso de Calidad?
Traditional method sparkling wine in Rioja
What’s the min aging for Vino Espumoso de Calidad?
min 15mo less aging
What’s the min aging for Vino Espumoso de Calidad reserva?
min 24mo lees aging
What’s the min aging for Vino Espumoso de Calidad gran reserva?
min 36mo lees aging
What’s the famous wine category in Navarra?
Rosado
Where is Campo de Borja located?
Aragon
Name the 4 DO’s of Aragon
Campo de Borja
What are the principal grapes in Campo de Borja?
Garnacha and Tempranillo
What’s the principal grape in Calatayud?
Garnacha
What’s the principal grape in Carinena?
Garnacha
What are the principal grapes in Somontano?
Red: Parraleta
Name the 5 DO’s of Galicia
Monterrei,
What’s the soil type of Rias Baixas?
mostly Granite and Alluvial
What’s the main white grape in Ribeiro?
Treixadura
What’s the main red grape in Ribeiro?
Caino
Which DO in Galicia is famous for Godello?
Valdeorras DO
What’s the grape variety for Pais Vasco Txakolina?
Ondarrabi Zuri
