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South America Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the Humboldt Current?

A

A current that begins in the icy waters near Anartica and flows up the coast of South America. When it hits Chile’s northern coastline it produces cloud but little or no precipitation making Atacama the driest on earth.

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2
Q

True or False: Chile is the only country that has remained Phylloxera free

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Which area of Chile experiences more rainfall, the north or south?

A

The south

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4
Q

What is the most planted grape in Chile?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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5
Q

Explain the 1991 Sauvignon Blanc Controversy of Chile

A

An expose in 1991, revealed that many plantings of Sauvignon Blanc in Chile were actually in fact Sauvignon Vert (Friulano)

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6
Q

What was the most planted grape in Chile prior to Cabernet Sauvignon in 2008?

A

Pais

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7
Q

What is the synonym for the Mission Grape in Chile?

A

Pais

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8
Q

In order from North to South, list the D.Os of Chile

A

Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valle Central, Sur, Austral Region

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9
Q

If a wine is listed as 2010 Cabernet Sauvignon, Valle Central in Chile, what % must be that variety, vintage, and denomination of origin?

A

75% Across the board.

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10
Q

What is the minimum required alcohol for wines from Chile?

A

11.50%

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11
Q

What does ‘reserva’ mean on a bottle of Chilean wine?

A

Alcohol indication. 12% minimum

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12
Q

What does reserva privada mean on a bottle of Chilean wine?

A

Alcohol indication. 12.5% minimum

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13
Q

Which classifications of Chilean wine requires time in oak?

A

Reserva Especial and Gran Reserva

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14
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for a wine labeled as Gran Reserva?

A

12.50%

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15
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for a wine labeled Reserva Especial?

A

12%

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16
Q

What are the 3 geographic terms that were amended to Chilean wine law in 2012

A

Costa, Entre Cordilleras, Andes

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17
Q

Which of the 3 geographic indications dominates plantings in Chile?

A

Andes. 3/4 of Chilean wine grown here

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18
Q

What requirement changes when a wine is labeled as ‘Costa’?

A

Minimum percentage changes to 85%

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19
Q

Where is the Huasco Valley?

A

Atacama

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20
Q

Where is Copiapo?

A

Atacama

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21
Q

What are the two sub regions of Atacama?

A

Copiapo and Huasco

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22
Q

What are the sub regions of Coquimbo?

A

Elqui, Limari, Choapa

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23
Q

Where is Elqui?

A

Coquimbo

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24
Q

Where is Limari?

A

Coquimbo

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25
Q

Where is the Casablanca Valley?

A

Aconcagua

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26
Q

Where is the San Antonio Valley?

A

Aconcagua

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27
Q

What are the sub regions of Aconcagua?

A

Aconcagua Valley, Casablanca Valley, San Antonio Valley

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28
Q

What iconic Bordeaux style blend is produced in Aconcagua? Explain its relevance

A

Errazuriz’s Sena. Placed ahead of Lafite and Margaux at 2004 Berlin tasting

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29
Q

What bordeaux style blend is an investment of the Mondavi’s?

A

Errazuriz Sena

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30
Q

What region in Chile is considered Chile’s first cool climate coastal region?

A

Casablanca Valley

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31
Q

Which subregions of Aconcagua is considered a ‘Costa’ region?

A

San Antonio and Casablanca

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32
Q

In order from North to South, list the subregions of the Central Valley

A

Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curico Valley, Maule Valley

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33
Q

Who produces ‘Purple Angel’? What is the cepage? Where is it sourced?

A

Vina Montes. It is mainly Carmenere. Colchagua.

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34
Q

Who is Chile’s largest producer of wine

A

Concha y Toro

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35
Q

Where is Colchagua?

A

Rapel Valley

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36
Q

Where is Cachapoal?

A

Rapel Valley

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37
Q

What are the two subregion of Rapel Valley?

A

Cachapoal and Colchagaua

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38
Q

What is the name of the project Concha y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild?

A

Almaviva

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39
Q

Who produces Vinedo Chadwick?

A

Errazuriz

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40
Q

Where is Clos Apalta produced?

A

Colchagua, Rapel Valley

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41
Q

Where is the Teno Valley?

A

Curico

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42
Q

What region has seen a large investment from Spanish producer Miguel Torres?

A

Curico

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43
Q

What are the subregions of the Sur?

A

Itata, Bio Bio, Malleco

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44
Q

Recommend a bottle of sparkling wine from Chile

A

Cordillera. By Miguel Torres. Brut 100% Pinot Noir. Traditional Method.

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45
Q

Recommend a bottle of sparkling rose from Chile

A

Santa Digna ‘Estelado’. Miguel Torres. 100% Pais. Traditional method.

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46
Q

Recommend a bottling of Carmenere from Chile

A

Casa Lapostolle Cuvee Alexandre, Apalta Vineyard

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47
Q

Recommend a bottle of Sauvignon Blanc from Chile

A

Cordillera. produced in the Elqui Valley, Coquimbo

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48
Q

Recommend a bottle of syrah from Chile

A

Montes Syrah

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49
Q

Where is Panquehue? What is its significance?

A

Aconcagua. Home to Errazuriz one of Chile’s most prominent estates

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50
Q

Where is the Teno Valley?

A

Curico

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51
Q

What are the sub region of Curico

A

The Teno Valley and Lontue Valley

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52
Q

Who is Francisco Pizarro?

A

He led the conquistadores in South America during their 16th century endeavor to conquer the Inca Empire. The Spanish along with Pizarro brought with them the grape varieties that we refer to as the criollas.

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53
Q

Who led the conquistadores on their conquering campaign through South America?

A

Francisco Pizarro

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54
Q

Who was Pedro de Valdivia?

A

A lieutenant in Francisco Pizarro’s service who undertook the conquest of Chile speciifically. After being killed as he pressed south through modern day Chile, he left behind a legacy of large scale viticulture depsite constant battles with natives.

55
Q

Who were the natives that inhabited Santiago when the conquistadores entered the country in the 16th century

A

Mapuche people

56
Q

Who was Francisco de Carabentes

A

Jesuit friar who brought Pais to chile in 1548

57
Q

Who brought Pais to Chile?

A

Francisco de Carabentes

58
Q

Who was Claude Gay

A

French man who brought French varieties and grape cuttings into Chile in the 1830s.

59
Q

Who was Silvestre Ochagavia?

A

Considered the father of Chilean wine, Ochagavia was a wealthy Chilean industrialist who founded Vina Ochagavia in 1851, Chile’s first modern winery and the oldest still in operation today

60
Q

What two men are considered the fathers of modern wine in Chile?

A

Claude Gay and Silvestre Ochagavia

61
Q

What was the first modern winery in Chile?

A

Vina Ochagavia

62
Q

What leader brought an end to the Chilean governments cap on wine production?

A

Augusto Pinochet

63
Q

When did Miguel Torres arrive in Chile ? Why was this important?

A
  1. He brought new technologies like temperature controlled, stainless steel fermentation tanks, new barriques, and pneumatic presses to the country.
64
Q

What is the name of Lafite’s estate in Chile? Where is it?

A

Los Vascos. Colchagua.

65
Q

Vina Aquitania is owned by who?

A

Brunot Pats (Former owner of Cos d’Estournel) and PaulPontallier (Margaux)

66
Q

When did Robert Mondavi and Eduardo Chadwick begin Sena

A

1995

67
Q

Who owns Almaviva?

A

Baron Phillipe de Rothschild

68
Q

What estate does Baron Phillipe de Rothschild own?

A

Almaviva

69
Q

What what Chilean Wine Law do in 1995?

A

Divided the country in different. the major regions and sub regions

70
Q

What did the Chilean Wine Law add in 2012?

A

It amended the law to support the three new geographic terms of Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes

71
Q

What current affects Chilean vineyards?

A

The Humbold Current

72
Q

What exactly does the Humbold Current do?

A

Generally, it is a cold water current that flows northward up the coast. The current cools the air passing over it, limiting precipitation and contrinbuting to an inversion layer near the earths surface. It moderatese the climate up and down the country’s coastline keeping overall average temperatures milder than in the inland valleysand suppressing diurnal shifts. the combination of ocean current and wawrmth of the interior valley draws cool sea air inland through the river valleys.

73
Q

What is the general geololgy of Chile?

A

Granite and schist on the coast. Alluvial soils inland.

74
Q

What color grape is Pais?

A

red

75
Q

True or False: Red grapes account for 75% of Chile’s planted vines

A

TRUE

76
Q

True or False: Malbec is the most planted grape in Chile

A

False. Cabernet Sauvignon

77
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Chile?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

78
Q

If the Atacama dessert is so dry, where does it source irrigation from?

A

The Huasco and Copiapo River Valleys

79
Q

The EU recognizes who’s geographic designation for Pisco?

A

Only Peru

80
Q

Elqui Valley receives irrigation from where?

A

Puclaro Lake and snowmelt

81
Q

What is the average rainfall in ElquiValley?

A

2.8 inches

82
Q

What are teh subregions of Elqui Valley?

A

La Serena, Vicuna, Paiguano

83
Q

Where are the highest elevations in Chile?

A

Elqui Valley. 6400 feet.

84
Q

La Serena, Vicuna, and Paiguano are all located where?

A

Elqui Valley

85
Q

Where do you see Terra Rossa soils in Chile?

A

Limari Valley

86
Q

What is the Comanchaca Fog?

A

A fog that creeps into the limari valley from the west each morning and rereats as the sun rises over teh Andes, bathing the vines in pure light in the afternoon

87
Q

The Comanchaca fog affects what region of Chile?

A

Limari Valley

88
Q

Where is Quebrada Seca?

A

Ovalle. In Limari Valley

89
Q

Where is Ovalle?

A

Limari Valley

90
Q

What is Ovalle known for?

A

Chardonnay particularly in Quebrada Seca

91
Q

Where are Salamanca and Illapel?

A

Choapa

92
Q

Where is Illapel?

A

Choapa

93
Q

Where is Salamanca?

A

Choapa

94
Q

What are the subregions of Choapa?

A

Salamanca and Illapel

95
Q

Who produces Don Maximiano?

A

Errazuriz

96
Q

Where is Panquehue? Why is this area important?

A

Aconcagua Valley. Where Don Maximiano Errazuriz first planted his vines in Aconcagua Valley.

97
Q

What are the soils of the coastal areas of Aconcagua?

A

schist and slate

98
Q

Who owns Veramonte?

A

Huneeus family

99
Q

Where is the Leyda Valley?

A

San Antonio Valley

100
Q

Where is Lo Abarca?

A

Leyda Valley

101
Q

Where are Lo Abarca, Rosario, and Malvilla?

A

Leyda Valley

102
Q

Where is Casa Marin known for making wines.

A

San Antonio Valley. Leyda specifically.

103
Q

Who produces Don Melchor? Where is it produced.

A

Concha y Toro . Puente Alto(Maipo)

104
Q

Where is Santa Cruz?

A

Colchagua

105
Q

What famous region is located within Santa Cruz?

A

Apalta

106
Q

What does Apalta translate to?

A

Earthquake

107
Q

What is VIGNO?

A

An association of 12 producers of old vine Carignan that seek to maintain the character and show respect for the vine in Maule. Besides pledging to make Carignan-based wines, produced under dry-farming conditions and having the mission of rescuing the old vines of Maule, VIGNO celebrates the cultural heritage of the Maule, its people and winemaking traditions that have been passed on from generation to generation for over 400 years.

108
Q

What are 3 requirements of VIGNO members

A

Wines must be 65% Carignan, dry farmed, and at least 30 years old. 100% of fruit must be from Maule, head trained bush vines. Wines must psend 24 months in barrel and bottle

109
Q

Where must the wines be 100% from if VIGNO?

A

Maule

110
Q

What percentage of Carignan is required for wines labeled VIGNO?

A

65%

111
Q

Where is Loncomilla Valley?

A

Maule

112
Q

Where is Claro Valley?

A

Maule

113
Q

Where is Tutuven Valley?

A

Maule

114
Q

What are the sub regions of Maule?

A

Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley

115
Q

What varieties were recommendedd to be replanted in itata after 1939 earthquake?

A

Muscatel de ALexandria and Cinsault

116
Q

Who produces Sol de Sol?

A

Vina Aquitania

117
Q

Name two members of VIGNO

A

De Martino, Miguel Torres

118
Q

Who produces Alpha M, where is it made, what grapes?

A

Vina Montes, Apalta, Bordeaux style blend

119
Q

Where is Marchigue?

A

Colchagua. Very good Carmenere grown here.

120
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Limari Valley?

A

Chardonnay! it is one of Chile’s cool climate regions. Mostly Costa. QUEBRADA SECA

121
Q

What is the most planted variety in the Itata Valley?

A

Moscatel de Alejandria BY FARRRRRRR

122
Q

What are Tinajas?

A

This wine rescues an old tradition deeply rooted in rural Chile: winemaking using large earthenware jars called tinajas. Once upon a time many farms used to make wine for their own consumption which they ferment and store in amphorae of various shapes and sizes. The commercialisation of the Chilean wine industry has seen this tradition disappear, but a couple of years ago, the De Martino family decided to revive it and purchased as many clay pots as they could find including former ashtrays and holders of cactus plants!

123
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Elqui Valley?

A

Syrah.

124
Q

Where is Puente Alto?

A

Maipo Valley

125
Q

What is the elevation for Alto Maipo?

A

Alto Maipo is in the foothills of the Andes at elevation from 1,200 to 2,500 feet above sea level.

126
Q

Where is Pirque?

A

Maipo

127
Q

What producer from Chablis also has invested in vineyards in Maipo?

A

William Fevre

128
Q

What made Maipo a great site to plant vines?

A

it was well-drained soils and the proximity of the Maipo River for irrigation that made the valley such a propitious place to grow grapes.

129
Q

What are the 3 divisions of Maipo?

A

Alto Maipo, Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa/Bajo

130
Q

What type of climate does Maipo Valley experience?

A

It has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers, dry falls, moderate winters and springs free of frost.

131
Q

Explain the climate of Maipo Valley

A

With the high elevation, warm sun during the day is followed by colder nights, which slow ripening. This extends the growing season, leading to grapes with a balance of ripeness and acidity. The soils are free draining alluvial soils that are great for viticulture.

132
Q

What affect does being close to ththe Andes have on vineyards in Chile?

A

Particularly on the eastern half of the Central Valley, the nightly descent of cool air from the Andes refreshes the vines inland, and also it permits access to irrigation from Andes snow melt.

133
Q

What are the best subregions of Colchagua?

A

Marchigue and Apalta

134
Q

Where does Vina Aquitania Sol de Sol Chardonnay come from?

A

Malleco

Advanced Sommelier Exam (11 decks)

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